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Kostiv I. Investigation of the reaction mechanism of [4 + 2] cyclization of 2,3 dimethylbuta-1,3-diene to methylacrylate using the Michaelis-Menten equation. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv6i1p74-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cycloaddition reaction between 2,3‑dimethylbuta-1,3-diene and methylacrylate proceeds by the second order kinetics. The rate constants increase with the increase in the excess of one of the reactants. The change in the effective rate constants is described by the Michaelis–Menten equation indicating that the reaction proceeds through the initial equilibrium stage of formation of a molecular complex stabilized by van der Waals interaction which then transforms into the product. The limiting stage of the reaction is established and its mechanism is suggested.
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Zhou T, McBride K, Zhang X, Qi Z, Sundmacher K. Integrated solvent and process design exemplified for a Diels-Alder reaction. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhou
- Process Systems Engineering; Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Sandtorstr. 1 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Kevin McBride
- Process Systems Engineering; Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Sandtorstr. 1 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Process Systems Engineering; Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Zhiwen Qi
- Max Planck Partner Group at the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Process Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany, Process Systems Engineering; Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany
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Bent bonds and the antiperiplanar hypothesis as a simple model to predict Diels–Alder reactivity: retrospective or perspective? Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Polevaya IS, Makitra GG, Marshalok GA, Kovalskyi YP. Effect of the reactants molar ratio on the kinetics of cycloaddition of 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene to allyl methacrylate. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363212120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Makitra RG, Karpyak NM, Midyana GG, Pal’chikova EY, Marshalok GA. Comparison of solvation ability and viscosity effects of solvents on Diels-Alder reaction. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363210090112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Soto-Delgado J, Domingo LR, Contreras R. Quantitative characterization of group electrophilicity and nucleophilicity for intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3678-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c004628k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Karpyak NM, Makitra RG, Marshalok GA, Pal’chikova EY. Solvent effect on the stereoselectivity in cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene to unsaturated esters. Invalidity of the solvent polarity parameter Ω. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363208010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Barba C, Carmona D, García JI, Lamata MP, Mayoral JA, Salvatella L, Viguri F. Conformational Preferences of Methacrolein in Diels−Alder and 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions. J Org Chem 2006; 71:9831-40. [PMID: 17168603 DOI: 10.1021/jo062200k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A B3LYP/6-31G* study has been carried out for the reactions of methacrolein with cyclopentadiene, parent nitrone, 1-pyrroline-1-oxide, and (Z)-C,N-diphenylnitrone, in which the coordination of a Lewis acid (borane) and the solvent polarity (dichloromethane) have been taken into account. Calculated activation parameters, regioselectivities (for 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions), and endo/exo stereoselectivities show good agreement with available experimental data. Gas-phase calculations show a varied behavior of the s-cis/s-trans TS stability for noncatalyzed reactions (from the systematic s-cis preference for the cyclopentadiene reaction to the systematic s-trans predilection encountered in the diphenylnitrone cycloaddition). BH3 coordination leads to a preferential stabilization of s-trans TSs in the reactions of cyclopentadiene (exo approach) and diphenylnitrone but a larger stabilization of s-cis structures in the processes involving the parent nitrone or 1-pyrroline-1-oxide. Additionally, a rather systematic preferential stabilization of s-trans structures is induced by solvent polarity in most reactions. As a consequence, an s-trans preference is predicted in solution for both thermal and catalyzed types of reactions in most approaches. Such a conclusion is consistent with some experimental results suggesting a preference for a particular conformation of the methacrolein-Lewis acid complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Barba
- Departamento de Química InorgAnica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Instituto Universitario de CatAlisis Homogénea, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Karpyak NM, Makitra RG, Marshalok GA, Pal’chikova EY, Yatchishin II. Reactions of unsaturated aldehydes with cyclopentadiene in solvents of various polarities. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363206020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Karpyak NM, Makitra RG, Marshalok GA, Pal’chikova EY. Solvent effect on the rate of cycloaddition of isoprene to maleic anhydride. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427206010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Just G, Lindner U, Pritzkow W, Röllig M. DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen. V. Kinetische Modellierung der bei der Mischdimerisierung von Cyclopentadien mit Butadien-(1,3) ablaufenden Reaktionen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/prac.19753170614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fehrmann W, Hampel M, Pritzkow W, Röllig M. DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen. IV. Untersuchungen über die Mischdimerisierung von Cyclopentadien mit Butadien-(1,3). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/prac.19753170613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schnurpfeil D. Dicyclopentadienoxidation. I, Unkatalysierte Flüssigphasenoxidation von Dicyclopentadien. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/prac.19833250318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kong S, Evanseck JD. Density Functional Theory Study of Aqueous-Phase Rate Acceleration and Endo/Exo Selectivity of the Butadiene and Acrolein Diels−Alder Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Kong
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282-1530
| | - Jeffrey D. Evanseck
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282-1530
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Abstract
A revision of the most typical examples used to illustrate the existence of secondary orbital interactions (SOI) has been achieved. However, our analysis indicates that no conclusive evidence can be obtained from these cases. All five examples proposed by Woodward and Hoffmann in The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry have been revisited. A combination of well-known mechanisms (such as solvent effects, steric interactions, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, and others) can be invoked instead to justify the endo/exo selectivity of Diels-Alder reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Lenihan BD, Shechter H. Synthesis and Conversions of Substituted o-[(Trimethylsilyl)methyl]benzyl p-Tolyl Sulfones to o-Quinodimethanes and Products Thereof. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Lenihan
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Harold Shechter
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Vinylboranes as diels—Alder Dienophiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1052-2077(97)80006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Kumar A. Stereoselectivities and reaction rates in Diels-Alder reactions promoted by non-aqueous solvents and their aqueous mixtures: Correlations with non-adjustable parameters. J PHYS ORG CHEM 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(199605)9:5<287::aid-poc808>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cativiela C, García JI, Mayoral JA, Salvatella L. Modelling of solvent effects on the Diels–Alder reaction. Chem Soc Rev 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/cs9962500209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cativiela C, Dillet V, García J, Mayoral J, Ruiz-López MF, Salvatella L. Solvent effects on Diels-Alder reactions. A semi-empirical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(94)03795-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Hunt I, Johnson CD. Diels–Alder reaction of fumaronitrile and cyclopentadiene in water: the influence of cosolutes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/p29910001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Desimoni G, Faita G, Righetti P, Toma L. Solvent effect as the result of frontier molecular orbital interaction. V. Diels-Alder with heterodienophiles: a unified approach to the solvent effect of the Diels-Alder reactions. Tetrahedron 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Doering WVE, Mastrocola A. Constitutional and configurational aspects of the thermal reorganization of 1-cyano-2-vinylcyclobutane (I). Tetrahedron 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(81)85070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Reichardt C. Empirical Parameters of Solvent Polarity as Linear Free-Energy Relationships. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.197900981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reichardt C. Empirische Parameter der Lösungsmittelpolarität als lineare „Freie Enthalpie”-Beziehungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19790910206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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