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Suzuki T, Kametani K, Guo W, Li W. Protein components of post-synaptic density lattice, a backbone structure for type I excitatory synapses. J Neurochem 2017; 144:390-407. [PMID: 29134655 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is essential to study the molecular architecture of post-synaptic density (PSD) to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the dynamic nature of PSD, one of the bases of synaptic plasticity. A well-known model for the architecture of PSD of type I excitatory synapses basically comprises of several scaffolding proteins (scaffold protein model). On the contrary, 'PSD lattice' observed through electron microscopy has been considered a basic backbone of type I PSDs. However, major constituents of the PSD lattice and the relationship between the PSD lattice and the scaffold protein model, remain unknown. We purified a PSD lattice fraction from the synaptic plasma membrane of rat forebrain. Protein components of the PSD lattice were examined through immuno-gold negative staining electron microscopy. The results indicated that tubulin, actin, α-internexin, and Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II are major constituents of the PSD lattice, whereas scaffold proteins such as PSD-95, SAP102, GKAP, Shank1, and Homer, were rather minor components. A similar structure was also purified from the synaptic plasma membrane of forebrains from 7-day-old rats. On the basis of this study, we propose a 'PSD lattice-based dynamic nanocolumn' model for PSD molecular architecture, in which the scaffold protein model and the PSD lattice model are combined and an idea of dynamic nanocolumn PSD subdomain is also included. In the model, cytoskeletal proteins, in particular, tubulin, actin, and α-internexin, may play major roles in the construction of the PSD backbone and provide linker sites for various PSD scaffold protein complexes/subdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Suzuki
- Department of Neuroplasticity, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University Academic Assembly, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences for Intractable Neurological Diseases, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular physiology, Shinshu University Academic Assembly, Institute of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Kametani
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Human and Environmental Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Weiheng Guo
- Department of Neuroplasticity, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University Academic Assembly, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Weidong Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Distinguished Visiting Professor, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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Tribl F, Meyer HE, Marcus K. Analysis of organelles within the nervous system: impact on brain and organelle functions. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 5:333-51. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.2.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Yun-Hong Y, Chih-Fan C, Chia-Wei C, Yen-Chung C. A study of the spatial protein organization of the postsynaptic density isolated from porcine cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M110.007138. [PMID: 21715321 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.007138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Postsynaptic density (PSD) is a protein supramolecule lying underneath the postsynaptic membrane of excitatory synapses and has been implicated to play important roles in synaptic structure and function in mammalian central nervous system. Here, PSDs were isolated from two distinct regions of porcine brain, cerebral cortex and cerebellum. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analyses indicated that cerebral and cerebellar PSDs consisted of a similar set of proteins with noticeable differences in the abundance of various proteins between these samples. Subsequently, protein localization in these PSDs was analyzed by using the Nano-Depth-Tagging method. This method involved the use of three synthetic reagents, as agarose beads whose surface was covalently linked with a fluorescent, photoactivable, and cleavable chemical crosslinker by spacers of varied lengths. After its application was verified by using a synthetic complex consisting of four layers of different proteins, the Nano-Depth-Tagging method was used here to yield information concerning the depth distribution of various proteins in the PSD. The results indicated that in both cerebral and cerebellar PSDs, glutamate receptors, actin, and actin binding proteins resided in the peripheral regions within ∼ 10 nm deep from the surface and that scaffold proteins, tubulin subunits, microtubule-binding proteins, and membrane cytoskeleton proteins found in mammalian erythrocytes resided in the interiors deeper than 10 nm from the surface in the PSD. Finally, by using the immunoabsorption method, binding partner proteins of two proteins residing in the interiors, PSD-95 and α-tubulin, and those of two proteins residing in the peripheral regions, elongation factor-1α and calcium, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α subunit, of cerebral and cerebellar PSDs were identified. Overall, the results indicate a striking similarity in protein organization between the PSDs isolated from porcine cerebral cortex and cerebellum. A model of the molecular structure of the PSD has also been proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Yun-Hong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Cheng HH, Huang ZH, Lin WH, Chow WY, Chang YC. Cold-induced exodus of postsynaptic proteins from dendritic spines. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:460-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Horng WC, Yen YH, Chang YC. A novel solid phase- and chemical crosslinking-based technology for determining protein localization in biological supramolecules. Proteomics 2008; 8:4642-6. [PMID: 18937251 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A solid phase- and chemical crosslinking-based technology was developed for determining the depths at which various protein constituents reside in a supramolecule. The usefulness of this technology was verified by trials using a synthetic three-protein complex on glass coverslips. This technology was further applied to investigate the localization of seven major protein components in the postsynaptic density, a landmark supramolecule of the excitatory synapses in mammalian brains. The technology reported here will supplement the already powerful proteomic methodologies in studying the structure/function relationships of supramolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Horng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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From Our Sister Journal: Proteomics 24/2007. Proteomics 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200790101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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