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Troisi A, Schrank M, Bellezza I, Fallarino F, Pastore S, Verstegen JP, Pieramati C, Di Michele A, Talesa VN, Martìnez Barbitta M, Orlandi R, Polisca A. Expression of CD13 and CD26 on extracellular vesicles in canine seminal plasma: preliminary results. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:357-366. [PMID: 37707657 PMCID: PMC10811140 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Canine seminal plasma is a complex fluid containing proteins, peptides, enzymes, hormones as well as extracellular vesicles that are involved in many physiological and pathological processes including reproduction. We examined the expression of the extracellular vesicles surface antigens Aminopeptidase-N (CD13) and Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) by flow cytometry. For this study, third fraction of the ejaculate, from fertile adult male German Shepherd dogs, was manually collected twice, two days apart. FACS analyses revealed that CD13 and CD26 are co-expressed on the 69.3 ± 3.7% of extracellular vesicles and only a 2.0 ± 0.5% of extracellular vesicles express CD26 alone. On the other hand, 28.6 ± 3.6% of seminal EVs express CD13 alone. Our results agree with the hypothesis that CD26 needs to be co-expressed with other signal-transducing molecules, while CD13, can perform functions independently of the presence or co-expression of CD26. The results obtained in normal fertile dogs could represent physiological expression of these enzymes. Therefore, it would be interesting to carry out further studies to evaluate the expression of CD13 and CD26 on extracellular vesicles as biomarker for prostate pathological condition in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Troisi
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, Università Di Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica (Macerata), Italy
| | - Magdalena Schrank
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health Università Degli Studi Di Padova, Agripolis Viale Dell'Università - 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Di Perugia, P.Le Gambuli, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Di Perugia, P.Le Gambuli, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Pastore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - John P Verstegen
- TherioExpert LLc. and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Camillo Pieramati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Di Perugia, P.Le Gambuli, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marcelo Martìnez Barbitta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
- Integral Veterinary Reproductive Service URUGUAY (SRVI_UY); Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Republic (UdelaR - UY), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Republic (UdelaR - UY), Uruguay, Uruguay
| | - Riccardo Orlandi
- Tyrus Veterinary Clinic, Via Aldo Bartocci, 1G, 05100, Terni, Italy
| | - Angela Polisca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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Jupin M, van Heijster FHA, Heerschap A. Metabolite interactions in prostatic fluid mimics assessed by 1H NMR. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:683-694. [PMID: 34919194 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-021-00983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular interactions in prostatic fluid are of biological interest and may affect MRI and MRS of the prostate. We investigated the existence of interactions between the major components of this fluid: spermine, citrate and myoinositol, metal ions, including zinc, and proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Solutions of 90 mM citrate, 18 mM spermine and 6 mM myo-inositol, mimicking expressed prostatic fluid, were investigated by 1H NMR using changes in T2 relaxation and chemical shift as markers for interactions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Adding to this metabolite mixture the ions Na+ , K+, Ca++, Mg++ and Zn++, decreased the T2 relaxation times of citrate and spermine protons by factors of 3 and 2, respectively, with Zn++ causing the largest effect, indicating ion-metabolite interactions. The T2 of 18 mM spermine dropped by a factor of 2 upon addition with 90 mM citrate, but no effect on T2 was seen with myo-inositol pointing to a specific citrate-spermine interaction. Moreover, the T2 of citrate in the presence of spermine decreased by adding metal ions and increasing amounts of Zn++, indicating complexation of citrate and spermine with metal ions, particularly with Zn. The addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA), as an index protein, substantially further decreased the T2 of spermine and citrate implying the formation of a transient spermine-metal ion-citrate-BSA complex. Finally, we found that the T2 of citrate in extracellular fluid of prostate cancer cells, as a mimic of fluid in cancerous prostates, decreased by adding fetal calf serum, indicating protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jupin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Materials and Molecules, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6524AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits H A van Heijster
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Fasih Ramandi N, Soleimani Mashhadi I, Sharif A, Saeedi N, Ashabi MA, Faranoush M, Ghassempour A, Aboul-Enein HY. Study of Glutathione S-transferase-P1 in cancer blood plasma after extraction by affinity magnetic nanoparticles and monitoring by MALDI-TOF, IM-Q-TOF and LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1190:123091. [PMID: 34979454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GST-P1) is considered as a detoxification enzyme and can be upregulated in several cancers. Therefore, qualification and/or quantification of GST-P1 in biological fluids can be noteworthy in cancer diagnostic and/or prognostic methods. Whereas costly immunoassays methods are routinely used for clinical analysis, long analysis time per sample is still considered as their disadvantages. To create a fast, efficient, and economical GST-P1 qualification and/or quantification technique, we developed an affinity magnetic nanoparticle-MS method. In proposed method there is no need for any pretreatment for reducing the complexity of sample and depletion of high abundant proteins that are used in routinely immunoassays methods. After enrichment of GST-P1 from blood plasma samples by affinity magnetic nanoparticle (without any pretreatment), the final eluent was analyzed using MALDI-TOF, IM-Q-TOF and LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS. For the first time this study demonstrates the suitability of affinity magnetic nanoparticle-MS method for qualification/quantification of GST-P1 from acute lymphoblastic leukemia blood plasma samples with the limit-of-detection 0.0094 ppm in less than 5 h. Our finding showed that in these blood plasma samples the level of GST-P1 can be up to six times more than healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Fasih Ramandi
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirreza Sharif
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ashabi
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faranoush
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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Macklin A, Khan S, Kislinger T. Recent advances in mass spectrometry based clinical proteomics: applications to cancer research. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:17. [PMID: 32489335 PMCID: PMC7247207 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-09283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer biomarkers have transformed current practices in the oncology clinic. Continued discovery and validation are crucial for improving early diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring patient response to treatment. Profiling of the tumour genome and transcriptome are now established tools for the discovery of novel biomarkers, but alterations in proteome expression are more likely to reflect changes in tumour pathophysiology. In the past, clinical diagnostics have strongly relied on antibody-based detection strategies, but these methods carry certain limitations. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful method that enables increasingly comprehensive insights into changes of the proteome to advance personalized medicine. In this review, recent improvements in MS-based clinical proteomics are highlighted with a focus on oncology. We will provide a detailed overview of clinically relevant samples types, as well as, consideration for sample preparation methods, protein quantitation strategies, MS configurations, and data analysis pipelines currently available to researchers. Critical consideration of each step is necessary to address the pressing clinical questions that advance cancer patient diagnosis and prognosis. While the majority of studies focus on the discovery of clinically-relevant biomarkers, there is a growing demand for rigorous biomarker validation. These studies focus on high-throughput targeted MS assays and multi-centre studies with standardized protocols. Additionally, improvements in MS sensitivity are opening the door to new classes of tumour-specific proteoforms including post-translational modifications and variants originating from genomic aberrations. Overlaying proteomic data to complement genomic and transcriptomic datasets forges the growing field of proteogenomics, which shows great potential to improve our understanding of cancer biology. Overall, these advancements not only solidify MS-based clinical proteomics' integral position in cancer research, but also accelerate the shift towards becoming a regular component of routine analysis and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Macklin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Human Seminal Plasma from Normozoospermic and Asthenozoospermic Individuals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2735038. [PMID: 30984777 PMCID: PMC6431472 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2735038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma is a complex mixture of secretions from various glands in the male genital tract. Compared to sperm cells, it contains important proteins that are both directly and indirectly associated with sperm motility. Here, we constructed quantitative proteomes of human seminal plasma from three normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic individuals. A total of 524 proteins were identified, and 366 of them were found to be quantified in all six samples. We first investigated the absolute expression features of these proteins and found that the variations of protein identification among different samples and other published datasets were mainly due to some lowly expressed proteins. By integration of various proteomic datasets and bioinformatics databases, we comprehensively annotated the biological functions, physiological originations, and disease associations of these proteins. We found that our dataset could benefit the studies of both male infertility and other male diseases. Finally, based on the relative expression values determined by chemical labeling, we identified a total of 29 differentially expressed proteins, which could be used as candidate targets for studying the molecular bases of sperm motility or developing precise diagnostic biomarkers of asthenozoospermia. We further successfully verified the expression trends of four representative proteins by Western blotting. Compared to a previous dataset based on label-free quantification, our results showed that most of the important proteins could be identified in the sample collected only once for each individual, providing the bases for personalized examination of seminal plasma proteins in clinic.
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Silva LM, Clements JA. Mass spectrometry based proteomics analyses in kallikrein-related peptidase research: implications for cancer research and therapy. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:1119-1130. [PMID: 29025353 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1389637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a family of serine peptidases that are deregulated in numerous pathological conditions, with a multitude of KLK-mediated functional roles implicated in the progression of cancer. Advances in multidimensional mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics have facilitated the quantitative measurement of deregulated KLK expression in cancer, identifying certain KLKs, as well as their substrates, as potential cancer biomarkers. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss how these approaches have been utilized for KLK biomarker discovery and unbiased substrate determination in complex protein pools that mimic the in vivo extracellular microenvironment. Expert commentary: Although a limited number of studies have been performed, the quantity of information generated has greatly improved our understanding of the functional roles of KLKs in cancer progression. In addition, these data suggest additional means through which deregulated KLK expression may be targeted in cancer treatment, highlighting the potential therapeutic value of these state-of-the-art MS-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmali Munasinghage Silva
- a Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch , National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Judith Ann Clements
- b School of Biomedical Sciences , Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute , Woolloongabba , Australia
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Comparing Plasma and Urinary Proteomes to Understand Kidney Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 845:187-93. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9523-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Dong Q, Yan X, Kilpatrick LE, Liang Y, Mirokhin YA, Roth JS, Rudnick PA, Stein SE. Tandem mass spectral libraries of peptides in digests of individual proteins: Human Serum Albumin (HSA). Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:2435-49. [PMID: 24889059 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o113.037135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents a method for creating a mass spectral library containing tandem spectra of identifiable peptide ions in the tryptic digestion of a single protein. Human serum albumin (HSA(1)) was selected for this purpose owing to its ubiquity, high level of characterization and availability of digest data. The underlying experimental data consisted of ∼3000 one-dimensional LC-ESI-MS/MS runs with ion-trap fragmentation. In order to generate a wide range of peptides, studies covered a broad set of instrument and digestion conditions using multiple sources of HSA and trypsin. Computer methods were developed to enable the reliable identification and reference spectrum extraction of all peptide ions identifiable by current sequence search methods. This process made use of both MS2 (tandem) spectra and MS1 (electrospray) data. Identified spectra were generated for 2918 different peptide ions, using a variety of manually-validated filters to ensure spectrum quality and identification reliability. The resulting library was composed of 10% conventional tryptic and 29% semitryptic peptide ions, along with 42% tryptic peptide ions with known or unknown modifications, which included both analytical artifacts and post-translational modifications (PTMs) present in the original HSA. The remaining 19% contained unexpected missed-cleavages or were under/over alkylated. The methods described can be extended to create equivalent spectral libraries for any target protein. Such libraries have a number of applications in addition to their known advantages of speed and sensitivity, including the ready re-identification of known PTMs, rejection of artifact spectra and a means of assessing sample and digestion quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Dong
- From the ‡Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Xinjian Yan
- From the ‡Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lisa E Kilpatrick
- From the ‡Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yuxue Liang
- From the ‡Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yuri A Mirokhin
- From the ‡Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeri S Roth
- From the ‡Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Paul A Rudnick
- From the ‡Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephen E Stein
- From the ‡Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Romero R, Tarca AL, Chaemsaithong P, Miranda J, Chaiworapongsa T, Jia H, Hassan SS, Kalita CA, Cai J, Yeo L, Lipovich L. Transcriptome interrogation of human myometrium identifies differentially expressed sense-antisense pairs of protein-coding and long non-coding RNA genes in spontaneous labor at term. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 27:1397-408. [PMID: 24168098 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.860963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes in human myometrium in women with spontaneous labor at term. MATERIALS AND METHODS Myometrium was obtained from women undergoing cesarean deliveries who were not in labor (n = 19) and women in spontaneous labor at term (n = 20). RNA was extracted and profiled using an Illumina® microarray platform. We have used computational approaches to bound the extent of long non-coding RNA representation on this platform, and to identify co-differentially expressed and correlated pairs of long non-coding RNA genes and protein-coding genes sharing the same genomic loci. RESULTS We identified co-differential expression and correlation at two genomic loci that contain coding-lncRNA gene pairs: SOCS2-AK054607 and LMCD1-NR_024065 in women in spontaneous labor at term. This co-differential expression and correlation was validated by qRT-PCR, an experimental method completely independent of the microarray analysis. Intriguingly, one of the two lncRNA genes differentially expressed in term labor had a key genomic structure element, a splice site, that lacked evolutionary conservation beyond primates. CONCLUSIONS We provide, for the first time, evidence for coordinated differential expression and correlation of cis-encoded antisense lncRNAs and protein-coding genes with known as well as novel roles in pregnancy in the myometrium of women in spontaneous labor at term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA
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Proteombasierte diagnostische und prognostische Biomarker beim Prostatakarzinom. Urologe A 2013; 52:1251-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-013-3308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kim Y, Kislinger T. Novel approaches for the identification of biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer. Genome Med 2013; 5:56. [PMID: 23809668 PMCID: PMC3706951 DOI: 10.1186/gm460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate tumors remains one of the greatest challenges in the management of this disease. Ongoing efforts to establish a panel of molecular signatures, comprising gene expression profiles, proteins, epigenetic patterns, or a combination of these alterations, are being propelled by rapid advancements in 'omics' technologies. The identification of such biomarkers in biological fluids is an especially attractive goal for clinical applications. Here, we summarize recent progress in the identification of candidate prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer using biological fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunee Kim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7 ; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7
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Sharma R, Agarwal A, Mohanty G, Jesudasan R, Gopalan B, Willard B, Yadav SP, Sabanegh E. Functional proteomic analysis of seminal plasma proteins in men with various semen parameters. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:38. [PMID: 23663294 PMCID: PMC3671977 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations at the molecular level in spermatozoa and seminal plasma can affect male fertility. The objective of this study was to determine if analysis of differential expression of proteins in varying semen parameters can serve as potential biomarkers for male infertility. METHODS The differential expression of proteins in the seminal plasma of men based on sperm count and morphology were examined utilizing proteomic tools. Subjects were categorized based on sperm concentration and morphology into 4 groups: 1) normal sperm count and normal morphology (NN); 2) normal sperm count and abnormal morphology (NA); 3) oligozoospermia and normal morphology (ON); and 4) oligozoospermia and abnormal morphology (OA). Proteomic analysis was performed by LC-MS/MS followed by functional bioinformatics analysis. Protein distribution in the NA, ON and OA groups was compared with that of the NN group. RESULTS Twenty proteins were differentially expressed among the 4 groups. Among the unique proteins identified, 3 were downregulated in the NA group, 1 in the ON group and 1 in the OA group while 2 were upregulated in the ON and OA groups. The functional analysis 1) identified biological regulation as the major processes affected and 2) determined that most of the identified proteins were of extracellular origin. CONCLUSIONS We have identified proteins that are over-or underexpressed in the seminal plasma of men with poor sperm quality. The distinct presence of some of the proteins may serve as potential biomarkers and provide insight into the mechanistic role played by these proteins in male infertility. Further studies using Western Blot analysis are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sharma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gayatri Mohanty
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Permanent Address: Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Rachel Jesudasan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Banu Gopalan
- Bioinformatics Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Satya P Yadav
- Molecular Biotechnology Core lab, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edmund Sabanegh
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Kim Y, Ignatchenko V, Yao CQ, Kalatskaya I, Nyalwidhe JO, Lance RS, Gramolini AO, Troyer DA, Stein LD, Boutros PC, Medin JA, Semmes OJ, Drake RR, Kislinger T. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in direct expressed prostatic secretions of men with organ-confined versus extracapsular prostate cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1870-84. [PMID: 22986220 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.017889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current protocols for the screening of prostate cancer cannot accurately discriminate clinically indolent tumors from more aggressive ones. One reliable indicator of outcome has been the determination of organ-confined versus nonorgan-confined disease but even this determination is often only made following prostatectomy. This underscores the need to explore alternate avenues to enhance outcome prediction of prostate cancer patients. Fluids that are proximal to the prostate, such as expressed prostatic secretions (EPS), are attractive sources of potential prostate cancer biomarkers as these fluids likely bathe the tumor. Direct-EPS samples from 16 individuals with extracapsular (n = 8) or organ-confined (n = 8) prostate cancer were used as a discovery cohort, and were analyzed in duplicate by a nine-step MudPIT on a LTQ-Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer. A total of 624 unique proteins were identified by at least two unique peptides with a 0.2% false discovery rate. A semiquantitative spectral counting algorithm identified 133 significantly differentially expressed proteins in the discovery cohort. Integrative data mining prioritized 14 candidates, including two known prostate cancer biomarkers: prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase, which were significantly elevated in the direct-EPS from the organ-confined cancer group. These and five other candidates (SFN, MME, PARK7, TIMP1, and TGM4) were verified by Western blotting in an independent set of direct-EPS from patients with biochemically recurrent disease (n = 5) versus patients with no evidence of recurrence upon follow-up (n = 10). Lastly, we performed proof-of-concept SRM-MS-based relative quantification of the five candidates using unpurified heavy isotope-labeled synthetic peptides spiked into pools of EPS-urines from men with extracapsular and organ-confined prostate tumors. This study represents the first efforts to define the direct-EPS proteome from two major subclasses of prostate cancer using shotgun proteomics and verification in EPS-urine by SRM-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunee Kim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Zhao T, Zeng X, Bateman NW, Sun M, Teng PN, Bigbee WL, Dhir R, Nelson JB, Conrads TP, Hood BL. Relative quantitation of proteins in expressed prostatic secretion with a stable isotope labeled secretome standard. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:1089-99. [PMID: 22077639 DOI: 10.1021/pr200829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) is a proximal fluid directly derived from the prostate and, in the case of prostate cancer (PCa), is hypothesized to contain a repertoire of cancer-relevant proteins. Quantitative analysis of the EPS proteome may enable identification of proteins with utility for PCa diagnosis and prognosis. The present investigation demonstrates selective quantitation of proteins in EPS samples from PCa patients using a stable isotope labeled proteome standard (SILAP) generated through the selective harvest of the "secretome" from the PC3 prostate cancer cell line grown in stable isotope labeled cell culture medium. This stable isotope labeled secretome was digested with trypsin and equivalently added to each EPS digest, after which the resultant mixtures were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for peptide identification and quantification. Relative quantification of endogenous EPS peptides was accomplished by comparison of reconstructed mass chromatograms to those of the chemically identical SILAP peptides. A total of 86 proteins were quantified from 263 peptides in all of the EPS samples, 38 of which were found to be relevant to PCa. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using a SILAP secretome standard to simultaneously quantify many PCa-relevant proteins in EPS samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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15
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Yadav VK, Kumar V, Chhikara N, Kumar S, Manral P, Kashav T, Saini S, Srinivasan A, Singh S, Singh TP, Yadav S. Purification and characterization of a native zinc-binding high molecular weight multiprotein complex from human seminal plasma. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1076-83. [PMID: 21404442 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The seminal plasma comprises secretions from various accessory sex glands. During fertilization spermatozoa undergo complex sequences of precisely timed events that are regulated by the activation of different intracellular signaling pathways. The precision and efficacy of these pathways are often influenced by the assembly and interactions of multiprotein complexes, thereby directing the flow of regulatory information. Our knowledge about these protein complexes present in human seminal plasma (HuSP) is limited. Here we report the identification and characterization of a native high molecular weight zinc-binding multiprotein complex from HuSP by utilizing 2-DE followed by MS. Twenty-six proteins representing isoforms and/or fragments of 11 different proteins were found to be assembled in this complex. Prostate-specific antigen, zinc α2-glycoprotein, prostatic acid phosphatase, and prolactin inducible protein were the major proteins of this complex. Dynamic light scattering experiments revealed changes in aggregation pattern accompanied with deviation from physiological pH and in presence of SDS. However, no significant changes were observed in the presence of physiological ligands such as zinc and fructose. The present study will be useful and contribute to guide the future studies performed for elucidation of biological significance of this native complex in HuSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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16
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Soucek K, Slabáková E, Ovesná P, Malenovská A, Kozubík A, Hampl A. Growth/differentiation factor-15 is an abundant cytokine in human seminal plasma. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2962-71. [PMID: 20884666 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β cytokines have various biological effects in female reproductive tissue, including modulation of inflammatory response and induction of immune tolerance to seminal antigens in the reproductive tract. However, no studies have analyzed the presence of growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1) in seminal fluid or demonstrated the quantity and form of GDF-15, its possible role or the relationship between its concentration and semen quality. METHODS The form and the concentration of GDF-15 were determined in 53 seminal plasma samples of both fertile and infertile men by ELISA and western blot. The sperm cells of three volunteers were treated with recombinant GDF-15, and cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. The effect of GDF-15 on vaginal epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The GDF-15 concentration in seminal plasma ranged from 0.2 to 6.6 μg/ml as determined by ELISA. Western blot analysis revealed that GDF-15 is present in the active form. In vitro cultivation of sperm cells with GDF-15 did not affect their viability or rates of apoptosis; however, it did inhibit proliferation of PBMCs and induce expression of FOXP3 in CD4+CD25+ cells. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that GDF-15 is an abundant cytokine in seminal plasma, although its concentration is not associated with semen quality or the fertility/infertility status of the donors. Moreover, our data show that GDF-15 displays immunosuppressive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Soucek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic.
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17
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Drake RR, Elschenbroich S, Lopez-Perez O, Kim Y, Ignatchenko V, Ignatchenko A, Nyalwidhe JO, Basu G, Wilkins CE, Gjurich B, Lance RS, Semmes OJ, Medin JA, Kislinger T. In-depth proteomic analyses of direct expressed prostatic secretions. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2109-16. [PMID: 20334419 DOI: 10.1021/pr1001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is expected that clinically obtainable fluids that are proximal to organs contain a repertoire of secreted proteins and shed cells reflective of the physiological state of that tissue and thus represent potential sources for biomarker discovery, investigation of tissue-specific biology, and assay development. The prostate gland secretes many proteins into a prostatic fluid that combines with seminal vesicle fluids to promote sperm activation and function. Proximal fluids of the prostate that can be collected clinically are seminal plasma and expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) fluids. In the current study, MudPIT-based proteomics was applied to EPS obtained from nine men with prostate cancer and resulted in the confident identification of 916 unique proteins. Systematic bioinformatics analyses using publicly available microarray data of 21 human tissues (Human Gene Atlas), the Human Protein Atlas database, and other published proteomics data of shed/secreted proteins were performed to systematically analyze this comprehensive proteome. Therefore, we believe this data will be a valuable resource for the research community to study prostate biology and potentially assist in the identification of novel prostate cancer biomarkers. To further streamline this process, the entire data set was deposited to the Tranche repository for use by other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Drake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23517, USA.
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18
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Proteomic analysis of seminal plasma from asthenozoospermia patients reveals proteins that affect oxidative stress responses and semen quality. Asian J Androl 2009; 11:484-91. [PMID: 19448646 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2009.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthenozoospermia (AS) is a common cause of human male infertility. In one study, more than 80% of the samples from infertile men had reduced sperm motility. Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from the testis, epididymis and several male accessory glands, including the prostate, seminal vesicles and Cowper's gland. Studies have shown that seminal plasma contains proteins that are important for sperm motility. To further explore the pathophysiological character of AS, we separated the seminal plasma proteins from AS patients and healthy donors using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in-gel digestion, and then subjected the proteins to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. A total of 741 proteins were identified in the seminal plasma, with a false discovery rate of 3.3%. Using spectral counting, we found that 45 proteins were threefold upregulated and 56 proteins were threefold downregulated in the AS group when compared with the control. Most of these proteins originated from the epididymis and prostate. This study identified a rich source of biomarker candidates for male infertility and indicates that functional abnormalities of the epididymis and prostate can contribute to AS. We identified DJ-1-a protein that has been shown elsewhere to be involved in the control of oxidative stress (OS)-as a downregulated protein in AS seminal plasma. The levels of DJ-1 in AS seminal plasma were about half of those in the control samples. In addition, the levels of reactive oxygen species were 3.3-fold higher in the AS samples than in the controls. Taken together, these data suggest that downregulation of DJ-1 is involved in OS in semen, and therefore affects the quality of the semen.
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19
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Jia L, Zhang L, Shao C, Song E, Sun W, Li M, Gao Y. An attempt to understand kidney's protein handling function by comparing plasma and urine proteomes. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5146. [PMID: 19381340 PMCID: PMC2668176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the help of proteomics technology, the human plasma and urine proteomes, which closely represent the protein compositions of the input and output of the kidney, respectively, have been profiled in much greater detail by different research teams. Many datasets have been accumulated to form "reference profiles" of the plasma and urine proteomes. Comparing these two proteomes may help us understand the protein handling aspect of kidney function in a way, however, which has been unavailable until the recent advances in proteomics technology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS After removing secreted proteins downstream of the kidney, 2611 proteins in plasma and 1522 in urine were identified with high confidence and compared based on available proteomic data to generate three subproteomes, the plasma-only subproteome, the plasma-and-urine subproteome, and the urine-only subproteome, and they correspond to three groups of proteins that are handled in three different ways by the kidney. The available experimental molecular weights of the proteins in the three subproteomes were collected and analyzed. Since the functions of the overrepresented proteins in the plasma-and-urine subproteome are probably the major functions that can be routinely regulated by excretion from the kidney in physiological conditions, Gene Ontology term enrichment in the plasma-and-urine subproteome versus the whole plasma proteome was analyzed. Protease activity, calcium and growth factor binding proteins, and coagulation and immune response-related proteins were found to be enriched. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The comparison method described in this paper provides an illustration of a new approach for studying organ functions with a proteomics methodology. Because of its distinctive input (plasma) and output (urine), it is reasonable to predict that the kidney will be the first organ whose functions are further elucidated by proteomic methods in the near future. It can also be anticipated that there will be more applications for proteomics in organ function research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Eli Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Drake RR, White KY, Fuller TW, Igwe E, Clements MA, Nyalwidhe JO, Given RW, Lance RS, Semmes OJ. Clinical collection and protein properties of expressed prostatic secretions as a source for biomarkers of prostatic disease. J Proteomics 2009; 72:907-17. [PMID: 19457353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prostate gland secretes many proteins in a prostatic fluid that combines with seminal vesicle derived fluids to promote sperm activation and function. Proximal fluids of the prostate that can be collected clinically are seminal plasma and expressed-prostatic secretion (EPS) fluids. EPS represents the fluid being secreted by the prostate following a digital rectal prostate massage, which in turn can be collected in voided urine post-exam. This collection is not disruptive to a standard urological exam, and it can be repeatedly collected from men across all prostatic disease states. A direct EPS fluid can also be collected under anesthesia prior to prostatectomy. While multiple genetic assays for prostate cancer detection are being developed for the shed epithelial cell fraction of EPS urines, the remaining fluid that contains many prostate-derived proteins has been minimally characterized. Approaches to optimization and standardization of EPS collection consistent with current urological exam and surgical practices are described, and initial proteomic and glycomic evaluations of the of EPS fluid are summarized for prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase. Continued characterization of the prostate specific protein components of EPS urine combined with optimization of clinical collection procedures should facilitate discovery of new biomarkers for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Drake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Biomedical Proteomics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA.
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21
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From Our Sister Journal: Proteomics 10/2008. Proteomics 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200890033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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