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Barker AD, Alba MM, Mallick P, Agus DB, Lee JSH. An Inflection Point in Cancer Protein Biomarkers: What Was and What's Next. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023:100569. [PMID: 37196763 PMCID: PMC10388583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers remain the highest value proposition in cancer medicine today - especially protein biomarkers. Yet despite decades of evolving regulatory frameworks to facilitate the review of emerging technologies, biomarkers have been mostly about promise with very little to show for improvements in human health. Cancer is an emergent property of a complex system and deconvoluting the integrative and dynamic nature of the overall system through biomarkers is a daunting proposition. The last two decades have seen an explosion of multi-omics profiling and a range of advanced technologies for precision medicine, including the emergence of liquid biopsy, exciting advances in single cell analysis, artificial intelligence (machine and deep learning) for data analysis and many other advanced technologies that promise to transform biomarker discovery. Combining multiple omics modalities to acquire a more comprehensive landscape of the disease state, we are increasingly developing biomarkers to support therapy selection and patient monitoring. Furthering precision medicine, especially in oncology, necessitates moving away from the lens of reductionist thinking towards viewing and understanding that complex diseases are, in fact, complex adaptive systems. As such, we believe it is necessary to re-define biomarkers as representations of biological system states at different hierarchical levels of biological order. This definition could include traditional molecular, histologic, radiographic, or physiological characteristics, as well as emerging classes of digital markers and complex algorithms. To succeed in the future, we must move past purely observational individual studies and instead start building a mechanistic framework to enable integrative analysis of new studies within the context of prior studies. Identifying information in complex systems and applying theoretical constructs, such as information theory, to study cancer as a disease of dysregulated communication could prove to be "game changing" for the clinical outcome of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Barker
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Complex Adaptive Systems Initiative and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Mario M Alba
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Parag Mallick
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - David B Agus
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jerry S H Lee
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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2
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Boys EL, Liu J, Robinson PJ, Reddel RR. Clinical applications of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in cancer: where are we? Proteomics 2022; 23:e2200238. [PMID: 35968695 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor tissue processing methodologies in combination with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) have emerged that can comprehensively analyze the proteome of multiple tumor samples accurately and reproducibly. Increasing recognition and adoption of these technologies has resulted in a tranche of studies providing novel insights into cancer classification systems, functional tumor biology, cancer biomarkers, treatment response and drug targets. Despite this, with some limited exceptions, MS-based proteomics has not yet been implemented in routine cancer clinical practice. Here, we summarize the use of DIA-MS in studies that may pave the way for future clinical cancer applications, and highlight the role of alternative MS technologies and multi-omic strategies. We discuss limitations and challenges of studies in this field to date and propose steps for integrating proteomic data into the cancer clinic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Boys
- ProCan®, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jia Liu
- ProCan®, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Campus, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- ProCan®, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger R Reddel
- ProCan®, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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3
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Zhang B, Whiteaker JR, Hoofnagle AN, Baird GS, Rodland KD, Paulovich AG. Clinical potential of mass spectrometry-based proteogenomics. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:256-268. [PMID: 30487530 PMCID: PMC6448780 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer genomics research aims to advance personalized oncology by finding and targeting specific genetic alterations associated with cancers. In genome-driven oncology, treatments are selected for individual patients on the basis of the findings of tumour genome sequencing. This personalized approach has prolonged the survival of subsets of patients with cancer. However, many patients do not respond to the predicted therapies based on the genomic profiles of their tumours. Furthermore, studies pairing genomic and proteomic analyses of samples from the same tumours have shown that the proteome contains novel information that cannot be discerned through genomic analysis alone. This observation has led to the concept of proteogenomics, in which both types of data are leveraged for a more complete view of tumour biology that might enable patients to be more successfully matched to effective treatments than they would using genomics alone. In this Perspective, we discuss the added value of proteogenomics over the current genome-driven approach to the clinical characterization of cancers and summarize current efforts to incorporate targeted proteomic measurements based on selected/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) mass spectrometry into the clinical laboratory to facilitate clinical proteogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Whiteaker
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Baird
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amanda G Paulovich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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4
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Serum biomarkers identification by iTRAQ and verification by MRM: S100A8/S100A9 levels predict tumor-stroma involvement and prognosis in Glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2749. [PMID: 30808902 PMCID: PMC6391445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in biology and treatment modalities, the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor. Serum reflects disease macroenvironment and thus provides a less invasive means to diagnose and monitor a diseased condition. By employing 4-plex iTRAQ methodology, we identified 40 proteins with differential abundance in GBM sera. The high abundance of serum S100A8/S100A9 was verified by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). ELISA and MRM-based quantitation showed a significant positive correlation. Further, an integrated investigation using stromal, tumor purity and cell type scores demonstrated an enrichment of myeloid cell lineage in the GBM tumor microenvironment. Transcript levels of S100A8/S100A9 were found to be independent poor prognostic indicators in GBM. Medium levels of pre-operative and three-month post-operative follow-up serum S100A8 levels predicted poor prognosis in GBM patients who lived beyond median survival. In vitro experiments showed that recombinant S100A8/S100A9 proteins promoted integrin signalling dependent glioma cell migration and invasion up to a threshold level of concentrations. Thus, we have discovered GBM serum marker by iTRAQ and verified by MRM. We also demonstrate interplay between tumor micro and macroenvironment and identified S100A8 as a potential marker with diagnostic and prognostic value in GBM.
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Arora A, Somasundaram K. Targeted Proteomics Comes to the Benchside and the Bedside: Is it Ready for Us? Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800042. [PMID: 30734933 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantification of small molecules has been successfully used for decades, targeted MS has only recently been used by the proteomics community to investigate clinical questions such as biomarker verification and validation. Targeted MS holds the promise of a paradigm shift in the quantitative determination of proteins. Nevertheless, targeted quantitative proteomics requires improvisation in making sample processing, instruments, and data analysis more accessible. In the backdrop of the genomic era reaching its zenith, certain questions arise: is the proteomic era about to come? If we are at the beginning of a new future for protein quantification, are we prepared to incorporate targeted proteomics at the benchside for basic research and at the bedside for the good of patients? Here, an overview of the knowledge required to perform targeted proteomics as well as its applications is provided. A special emphasis is placed on upcoming areas such as peptidomics, proteoform research, and mass spectrometry imaging, where the utilization of targeted proteomics is expected to bring forth new avenues. The limitations associated with the acceptance of this technique for mainstream usage are also highlighted. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/mieB47B8gZw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Arora
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Kumaravel Somasundaram
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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6
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Penn AM, Bibok MB, Saly VK, Coutts SB, Lesperance ML, Balshaw RF, Votova K, Croteau NS, Trivedi A, Jackson AM, Hegedus J, Klourfeld E, Yu AYX, Zerna C, Borchers CH. Verification of a proteomic biomarker panel to diagnose minor stroke and transient ischaemic attack: phase 1 of SpecTRA, a large scale translational study. Biomarkers 2018; 23:392-405. [PMID: 29385837 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1434681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To derive a plasma biomarker protein panel from a list of 141 candidate proteins which can differentiate transient ischaemic attack (TIA)/minor stroke from non-cerebrovascular (mimic) conditions in emergency department (ED) settings. DESIGN Prospective clinical study (#NCT03050099) with up to three timed blood draws no more than 36 h following symptom onset. Plasma samples analysed by multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS). PARTICIPANTS Totally 545 participants suspected of TIA enrolled in the EDs of two urban medical centres. OUTCOMES 90-day, neurologist-adjudicated diagnosis of TIA informed by clinical and radiological investigations. RESULTS The final protein panel consists of 16 proteins whose patterns show differential abundance between TIA and mimic patients. Nine of the proteins were significant univariate predictors of TIA [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)]: L-selectin [0.726 (0.596-0.883)]; Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 [0.727 (0.594-0.889)]; Coagulation factor X [0.740 (0.603-0.908)]; Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 [0.763 (0.630-0.924)]; Thrombospondin-1 [1.313 (1.081-1.595)]; Hyaluronan-binding protein 2 [0.776 (0.637-0.945)]; Heparin cofactor 2 [0.775 (0.634-0.947)]; Apolipoprotein B-100 [1.249 (1.037-1.503)]; and von Willebrand factor [1.256 (1.034-1.527)]. The scientific plausibility of the panel proteins is discussed. CONCLUSIONS Our panel has the potential to assist ED physicians in distinguishing TIA from mimic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Penn
- a Neurosciences, Stroke Rapid Assessment Clinic , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Maximilian B Bibok
- b Department of Research and Capacity Building , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Viera K Saly
- a Neurosciences, Stroke Rapid Assessment Clinic , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Shelagh B Coutts
- c Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Services , University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, C1242, Foothills Medical Centre , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Mary L Lesperance
- d Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Robert F Balshaw
- e British Columbia Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Kristine Votova
- b Department of Research and Capacity Building , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada.,f Division of Medical Sciences , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Nicole S Croteau
- b Department of Research and Capacity Building , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada.,d Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Anurag Trivedi
- a Neurosciences, Stroke Rapid Assessment Clinic , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Angela M Jackson
- g University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Janka Hegedus
- c Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Services , University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, C1242, Foothills Medical Centre , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Evgenia Klourfeld
- c Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Services , University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, C1242, Foothills Medical Centre , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Amy Y X Yu
- h Department of Medicine , University of Toronto Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Charlotte Zerna
- c Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Services , University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, C1242, Foothills Medical Centre , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- i Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada.,j Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology , Jewish General Hospital McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada.,k Proteomics Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
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7
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Ourradi K, Sharif M. Opportunities and challenges for the discovery and validation of proteomic biomarkers for common arthritic diseases. Biomark Med 2017; 11:877-892. [PMID: 28976778 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are most prevalent among all the rheumatic diseases, and currently, there are no reliable biochemical measures for early diagnosis or for predicting who is likely to progress. Early diagnosis is important for making decisions on treatment options and for better management of patients. This narrative review highlights the first-generation biomarkers identified over the last two decades and focuses on the discovery and validation of candidate OA biomarkers from recent mass-spectrometry-based proteomic studies for diagnosis and monitoring disease outcomes in human. It discusses the challenges and opportunities for discovery of novel biomarkers and progress in the development of techniques for measuring biomarkers, and provides directions for future discovery and validation of biomarkers for OA and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Ourradi
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Mohammed Sharif
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
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8
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Csősz É, Lábiscsák P, Kalló G, Márkus B, Emri M, Szabó A, Tar I, Tőzsér J, Kiss C, Márton I. Proteomics investigation of OSCC-specific salivary biomarkers in a Hungarian population highlights the importance of identification of population-tailored biomarkers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177282. [PMID: 28545132 PMCID: PMC5436697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounting for about 90% of malignant oral lesions is the 6th most common malignancy worldwide. Diagnostic delay may contribute to dismal survival rate therefore, there is a need for developing specific and sensitive biomarkers to improve early detection. Hungarian population occupies the top places of statistics regarding OSCC incidence and mortality figures therefore, we aimed at finding potential salivary protein biomarkers suitable for the Hungarian population. In this study we investigated 14 proteins which were previously reported as significantly elevated in saliva of patients with OSCC. In case of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and VEGF a Luminex-based multiplex kit was utilized and the salivary concentrations were determined. In case of catalase, profilin-1, S100A9, CD59, galectin-3-bindig protein, CD44, thioredoxin and keratin-19, SRM-based targeted proteomic method was developed and the relative amount of the proteins was determined in the saliva of patients with OSCC and controls. After several rounds of optimization and using stable isotope-containing peptides, we developed an SRM-based method for rapid salivary protein detection. The validation of the selected potential biomarkers by ELISA revealed salivary protein S100A9 and IL-6 as useful protein biomarkers for OSCC detection improving the diagnostic accuracy for OSCC in the Hungarian population.A noninvasive diagnostic method to detect biomarkers useful for the early diagnosis of OSCC was developed. This can be an attractive strategy in screening saliva samples collected in a nation-wide multi-centric study in order to decrease morbidity, mortality, to enhance survival rate and to improve quality of life. The heterogeneity of protein biomarkers found in different ethnic groups presented in the literature highlights the importance of identification of population-tailored protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Lábiscsák
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Márkus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Tar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csongor Kiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Márton
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
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Li H, Han J, Pan J, Liu T, Parker CE, Borchers CH. Current trends in quantitative proteomics - an update. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:319-341. [PMID: 28418607 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteins can provide insights into biological processes at the functional level, so they are very promising biomarker candidates. The quantification of proteins in biological samples has been routinely used for the diagnosis of diseases and monitoring the treatment. Although large-scale protein quantification in complex samples is still a challenging task, a great amount of effort has been made to advance the technologies that enable quantitative proteomics. Seven years ago, in 2009, we wrote an article about the current trends in quantitative proteomics. In writing this current paper, we realized that, today, we have an even wider selection of potential tools for quantitative proteomics. These tools include new derivatization reagents, novel sampling formats, new types of analyzers and scanning techniques, and recently developed software to assist in assay development and data analysis. In this review article, we will discuss these innovative methods, and their current and potential applications in proteomics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - J Han
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - J Pan
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - T Liu
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - C E Parker
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - C H Borchers
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Proteomics Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
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Lin F, Li Z, Hua Y, Lim YP. Proteomic profiling predicts drug response to novel targeted anticancer therapeutics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:411-20. [PMID: 26954459 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1164043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Most recently approved anti-cancer drugs by the US FDA are targeted therapeutic agents and this represents an important trend for future anticancer therapy. Unlike conventional chemotherapy that rarely considers individual differences, it is crucial for targeted therapies to identify the beneficial subgroup of patients for the treatment. Currently, genomics and transcriptomics are the major 'omic' analytics used in studies of drug response prediction. However, proteomic profiling excels both in its advantages of directly detecting an instantaneous dynamic of the whole proteome, which contains most current diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Moreover, proteomic profiling improves understanding of the mechanism for drug resistance and helps finding optimal combination therapy. This article reviews the recent success of applications of proteomic analytics in predicting the response to targeted anticancer therapeutics, and discusses the potential avenues and pitfalls of proteomic platforms and techniques used most in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- a Department of Cell Biology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Biochemistry , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Zilin Li
- b Department of Biochemistry , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Yunfen Hua
- c College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yoon Pin Lim
- b Department of Biochemistry , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.,d Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science and Technology , Singapore.,e NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Technology , Singapore
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Csősz É, Kalló G, Márkus B, Deák E, Csutak A, Tőzsér J. Quantitative body fluid proteomics in medicine - A focus on minimal invasiveness. J Proteomics 2016; 153:30-43. [PMID: 27542507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Identification of new biomarkers specific for various pathological conditions is an important field in medical sciences. Body fluids have emerging potential in biomarker studies especially those which are continuously available and can be collected by non-invasive means. Changes in the protein composition of body fluids such as tears, saliva, sweat, etc. may provide information on both local and systemic conditions of medical relevance. In this review, our aim is to discuss the quantitative proteomics techniques used in biomarker studies, and to present advances in quantitative body fluid proteomics of non-invasively collectable body fluids with relevance to biomarker identification. The advantages and limitations of the widely used quantitative proteomics techniques are also presented. Based on the reviewed literature, we suggest an ideal pipeline for body fluid analyses aiming at biomarkers discoveries: starting from identification of biomarker candidates by shotgun quantitative proteomics or protein arrays, through verification of potential biomarkers by targeted mass spectrometry, to the antibody-based validation of biomarkers. The importance of body fluids as a rich source of biomarkers is discussed. SIGNIFICANCE Quantitative proteomics is a challenging part of proteomics applications. The body fluids collected by non-invasive means have high relevance in medicine; they are good sources for biomarkers used in establishing the diagnosis, follow up of disease progression and predicting high risk groups. The review presents the most widely used quantitative proteomics techniques in body fluid analysis and lists the potential biomarkers identified in tears, saliva, sweat, nasal mucus and urine for local and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Márkus
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Deák
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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12
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Timms JF, Hale OJ, Cramer R. Advances in mass spectrometry-based cancer research and analysis: from cancer proteomics to clinical diagnostics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:593-607. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1182431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Thomas SN, Harlan R, Chen J, Aiyetan P, Liu Y, Sokoll LJ, Aebersold R, Chan DW, Zhang H. Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10830-8. [PMID: 26451657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. However, the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins is technically challenging due to the scarcity of robust assays to detect and quantify glycoproteins. Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). The data demonstrate that the assays can be used for the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides. The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani N Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Robert Harlan
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Paul Aiyetan
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lori J Sokoll
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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14
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Fehniger TE, Boja ES, Rodriguez H, Baker MS, Marko-Varga G. Four Areas of Engagement Requiring Strengthening in Modern Proteomics Today. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5310-8. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500472d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Fehniger
- Center
of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, BMC D13, Klinikgatan 32, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emily S. Boja
- Office
of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, Center for Strategic Scientific
Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, MS 2580, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office
of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, Center for Strategic Scientific
Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, MS 2580, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Mark S. Baker
- Australian
School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Center
of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, BMC D13, Klinikgatan 32, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- First
Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjiku Shinjiku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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15
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Mesri M. Advances in Proteomic Technologies and Its Contribution to the Field of Cancer. Adv Med 2014; 2014:238045. [PMID: 26556407 PMCID: PMC4590950 DOI: 10.1155/2014/238045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic studies of the cancer genome have generated a wealth of knowledge in recent years. These studies have uncovered a number of new cancer genes not previously known to be causal targets in cancer. Genetic markers can be used to determine predisposition to tumor development, but molecularly targeted treatment strategies are not widely available for most cancers. Precision care plans still must be developed by understanding and implementing basic science research into clinical treatment. Proteomics is continuing to make major strides in the discovery of fundamental biological processes as well as more recent transition into an assay platform capable of measuring hundreds of proteins in any biological system. As such, proteomics can translate basic science discoveries into the clinical practice of precision medicine. The proteomic field has progressed at a fast rate over the past five years in technology, breadth and depth of applications in all areas of the bioscience. Some of the previously experimental technical approaches are considered the gold standard today, and the community is now trying to come to terms with the volume and complexity of the data generated. Here I describe contribution of proteomics in general and biological mass spectrometry in particular to cancer research, as well as related major technical and conceptual developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Mermelekas G, Zoidakis J. Mass spectrometry-based membrane proteomics in cancer biomarker discovery. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:549-63. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.917965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Mass spectrometry based biomarker discovery, verification, and validation--quality assurance and control of protein biomarker assays. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:840-58. [PMID: 24713096 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In its early years, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics focused on the cataloging of proteins found in different species or different tissues. By 2005, proteomics was being used for protein quantitation, typically based on "proteotypic" peptides which act as surrogates for the parent proteins. Biomarker discovery is usually done by non-targeted "shotgun" proteomics, using relative quantitation methods to determine protein expression changes that correlate with disease (output given as "up-or-down regulation" or "fold-increases"). MS-based techniques can also perform "absolute" quantitation which is required for clinical applications (output given as protein concentrations). Here we describe the differences between these methods, factors that affect the precision and accuracy of the results, and some examples of recent studies using MS-based proteomics to verify cancer-related biomarkers.
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18
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Chambers AG, Percy AJ, Simon R, Borchers CH. MRM for the verification of cancer biomarker proteins: recent applications to human plasma and serum. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:137-48. [PMID: 24476379 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.877346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accurate cancer biomarkers are needed for early detection, disease classification, prediction of therapeutic response and monitoring treatment. While there appears to be no shortage of candidate biomarker proteins, a major bottleneck in the biomarker pipeline continues to be their verification by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), also known as selected reaction monitoring, is a targeted mass spectrometry approach to protein quantitation and is emerging to bridge the gap between biomarker discovery and clinical validation. Highly multiplexed MRM assays are readily configured and enable simultaneous verification of large numbers of candidates facilitating the development of biomarker panels which can increase specificity. This review focuses on recent applications of MRM to the analysis of plasma and serum from cancer patients for biomarker verification. The current status of this approach is discussed along with future directions for targeted mass spectrometry in clinical biomarker validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Chambers
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101 - 4464 Markham St, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
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19
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Demonstrating the feasibility of large-scale development of standardized assays to quantify human proteins. Nat Methods 2013; 11:149-55. [PMID: 24317253 PMCID: PMC3922286 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry has been successfully applied to monitor targeted proteins in biological specimens, raising the possibility that assays could be configured to measure all human proteins. We report the results of a pilot study designed to test the feasibility of a large-scale, international effort for MRM assay generation. We have configured, validated across three laboratories and made publicly available as a resource to the community 645 novel MRM assays representing 319 proteins expressed in human breast cancer. Assays were multiplexed in groups of >150 peptides and deployed to quantify endogenous analytes in a panel of breast cancer-related cell lines. The median assay precision was 5.4%, with high interlaboratory correlation (R(2) > 0.96). Peptide measurements in breast cancer cell lines were able to discriminate among molecular subtypes and identify genome-driven changes in the cancer proteome. These results establish the feasibility of a large-scale effort to develop an MRM assay resource.
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20
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Pre-analytical and analytical variability in absolute quantitative MRM-based plasma proteomic studies. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2837-56. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative plasma proteomics, through the use of targeted MRM-MS and isotopically labeled standards, is emerging as a popular technique to address biological- and biomedical-centered queries. High precision and accuracy are essential in such measurements, particularly in protein biomarker research where translation to the clinic is sought. Standardized procedures and routine performance evaluation of all stages of the workflow (both pre-analytical and analytical) are therefore imperative to satisfy these requisites and enable high inter-laboratory reproducibility and transferability. In this review, we first discuss the pre-analytical and analytical variables that can affect the precision and accuracy of ‘absolute’ quantitative plasma proteomic measurements. Proposed strategies to limit such variability will then be highlighted and unmet needs for future exploration will be noted. Although there is no way to conduct a truly comprehensive review on this broad, rapidly changing topic, we have highlighted key aspects and included references to review articles on various sub-topics.
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21
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Skates SJ, Gillette MA, LaBaer J, Carr SA, Anderson L, Liebler DC, Ransohoff D, Rifai N, Kondratovich M, Težak Ž, Mansfield E, Oberg AL, Wright I, Barnes G, Gail M, Mesri M, Kinsinger CR, Rodriguez H, Boja ES. Statistical design for biospecimen cohort size in proteomics-based biomarker discovery and verification studies. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5383-94. [PMID: 24063748 DOI: 10.1021/pr400132j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein biomarkers are needed to deepen our understanding of cancer biology and to improve our ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat cancers. Important analytical and clinical hurdles must be overcome to allow the most promising protein biomarker candidates to advance into clinical validation studies. Although contemporary proteomics technologies support the measurement of large numbers of proteins in individual clinical specimens, sample throughput remains comparatively low. This problem is amplified in typical clinical proteomics research studies, which routinely suffer from a lack of proper experimental design, resulting in analysis of too few biospecimens to achieve adequate statistical power at each stage of a biomarker pipeline. To address this critical shortcoming, a joint workshop was held by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) with participation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). An important output from the workshop was a statistical framework for the design of biomarker discovery and verification studies. Herein, we describe the use of quantitative clinical judgments to set statistical criteria for clinical relevance and the development of an approach to calculate biospecimen sample size for proteomic studies in discovery and verification stages prior to clinical validation stage. This represents a first step toward building a consensus on quantitative criteria for statistical design of proteomics biomarker discovery and verification research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Skates
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center , Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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22
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Development of an MRM assay panel with application to biobank samples from patients with myocardial infarction. J Proteomics 2013; 87:16-25. [PMID: 23707545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED As part of a Swedish national cardiological research initiative, the development of a quantitative MRM assay is reported for the quantification of eleven putative cardiovascular disease markers. Within the study, patient samples from the LUNDHEARTGENE biobank were processed and nanoLC-MS/MS analysis was performed together with a stable isotope dilution strategy for absolute quantification of the target proteins. Excellent linear regressions were achieved for 9 of the 11 peptides with LOQ ranged in the attomolar range. We have utilized the assay for the screening of plasma samples from patients with chest pain, and performed a comparative analysis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and chest pain due to other causes. The assay demonstrates high reproducibility and correlate with clinical findings. Strong correlations were found for several of the apolipoproteins and their respective lipid subfractions (LDL, HDL or triglycerides). APOC1, APOC2 and APOE were elevated in patients with STEMI. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE An MRM assay were developed for putative cardiovascular disease markers as target proteins, and applied to biobanking sample material. The comparative analysis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and chest pain due to other causes showed elevated levels of APOC1, APOC2 and APOE in patients with STEMI. These observations raise interesting novel hypotheses about the role of apolipoproteins C1, C2 and E in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction, which merits further studies.
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23
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Craven RA, Vasudev NS, Banks RE. Proteomics and the search for biomarkers for renal cancer. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:456-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Hoofnagle AN, Roth MY. Clinical review: improving the measurement of serum thyroglobulin with mass spectrometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:1343-52. [PMID: 23450057 PMCID: PMC3615194 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements are central to the management of patients treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. For decades, Tg measurements have relied on methods that are subject to interference by commonly found substances in human serum and plasma, such as Tg autoantibodies. As a result, many patients need additional imaging studies to rule out cancer persistence or recurrence that could be avoided with more sensitive and specific testing methods. OBJECTIVES The aims of this review are to: 1) briefly review the interferences common to Tg immunoassays; 2) introduce readers to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a method for quantifying proteins in human serum/plasma; and 3) discuss the potential benefits and limitations of the method in the quantification of serum Tg. RESULTS Mass spectrometric methods have traditionally lacked the sensitivity, robustness, and throughput to be useful clinical assays. These methods failed to meet the necessary clinical benchmarks due to the nature of the mass spectrometry workflow and instrumentation. Over the past few years, there have been major advances in reagents, automation, and instrumentation for the quantification of proteins using mass spectrometry. More recently, methods using mass spectrometry to detect and quantify Tg have been developed and are of sufficient quality to be used in the management of patients. CONCLUSIONS Novel serum Tg assays that use mass spectrometry may avoid the issue of autoantibody interference and other problems with currently available immunoassays for Tg. Prospective studies are needed to fully understand the potential benefits of novel Tg assays to patients and care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7110, USA.
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25
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Dennis EH, Walker EG, Baker AF, Miller RT. Opportunities and Challenges of Safety Biomarker Qualification: Perspectives from the Predictive Safety Testing Consortium. Drug Dev Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eslie H. Dennis
- Predictive Safety Testing Consortium; Critical Path Institute; Tucson; Arizona
| | - Elizabeth G. Walker
- Predictive Safety Testing Consortium; Critical Path Institute; Tucson; Arizona
| | - Amanda F. Baker
- Predictive Safety Testing Consortium; Critical Path Institute; Tucson; Arizona
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26
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Foss EJ, Radulovic D, Stirewalt DL, Radich J, Sala-Torra O, Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, Hengel SM, Loeb KR, Deeg HJ, Meshinchi S, Goodlett DR, Bedalov A. Proteomic classification of acute leukemias by alignment-based quantitation of LC-MS/MS data sets. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5005-10. [PMID: 22900933 DOI: 10.1021/pr300567r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite immense interest in the proteome as a source of biomarkers in cancer, mass spectrometry has yet to yield a clinically useful protein biomarker for tumor classification. To explore the potential of a particular class of mass spectrometry-based quantitation approaches, label-free alignment of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data sets, for the identification of biomarkers for acute leukemias, we asked whether a label-free alignment algorithm could distinguish known classes of leukemias on the basis of their proteomes. This approach to quantitation involves (1) computational alignment of MS1 peptide peaks across large numbers of samples; (2) measurement of the relative abundance of peptides across samples by integrating the area under the curve of the MS1 peaks; and (3) assignment of peptide IDs to those quantified peptide peaks on the basis of the corresponding MS2 spectra. We extracted proteins from blasts derived from four patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML, acute leukemia of myeloid lineage) and five patients with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL, acute leukemia of lymphoid lineage). Mobilized CD34+ cells purified from peripheral blood of six healthy donors and mononuclear cells (MNC) from the peripheral blood of two healthy donors were used as healthy controls. Proteins were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and quantified with a label-free alignment-based algorithm developed in our laboratory. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of blinded samples separated the samples according to their known biological characteristics, with each sample group forming a discrete cluster. The four proteins best able to distinguish CD34+, AML, and ALL were all either known biomarkers or proteins whose biological functions are consistent with their ability to distinguish these classes. We conclude that alignment-based label-free quantitation of LC-MS/MS data sets can, at least in some cases, robustly distinguish known classes of leukemias, thus opening the possibility that large scale studies using such algorithms can lead to the identification of clinically useful biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Foss
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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27
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Boja ES, Rodriguez H. Mass spectrometry-based targeted quantitative proteomics: achieving sensitive and reproducible detection of proteins. Proteomics 2012; 12:1093-110. [PMID: 22577011 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional shotgun proteomics used to detect a mixture of hundreds to thousands of proteins through mass spectrometric analysis, has been the standard approach in research to profile protein content in a biological sample which could lead to the discovery of new (and all) protein candidates with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic values. In practice, this approach requires significant resources and time, and does not necessarily represent the goal of the researcher who would rather study a subset of such discovered proteins (including their variations or posttranslational modifications) under different biological conditions. In this context, targeted proteomics is playing an increasingly important role in the accurate measurement of protein targets in biological samples in the hope of elucidating the molecular mechanism of cellular function via the understanding of intricate protein networks and pathways. One such (targeted) approach, selected reaction monitoring (or multiple reaction monitoring) mass spectrometry (MRM-MS), offers the capability of measuring multiple proteins with higher sensitivity and throughput than shotgun proteomics. Developing and validating MRM-MS-based assays, however, is an extensive and iterative process, requiring a coordinated and collaborative effort by the scientific community through the sharing of publicly accessible data and datasets, bioinformatic tools, standard operating procedures, and well characterized reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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28
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Aguilar-Mahecha A, Kuzyk MA, Domanski D, Borchers CH, Basik M. The effect of pre-analytical variability on the measurement of MRM-MS-based mid- to high-abundance plasma protein biomarkers and a panel of cytokines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38290. [PMID: 22701622 PMCID: PMC3368926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood sample processing and handling can have a significant impact on the stability and levels of proteins measured in biomarker studies. Such pre-analytical variability needs to be well understood in the context of the different proteomics platforms available for biomarker discovery and validation. In the present study we evaluated different types of blood collection tubes including the BD P100 tube containing protease inhibitors as well as CTAD tubes, which prevent platelet activation. We studied the effect of different processing protocols as well as delays in tube processing on the levels of 55 mid and high abundance plasma proteins using novel multiple-reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) assays as well as 27 low abundance cytokines using a commercially available multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. The use of P100 tubes containing protease inhibitors only conferred proteolytic protection for 4 cytokines and only one MRM-MS-measured peptide. Mid and high abundance proteins measured by MRM are highly stable in plasma left unprocessed for up to six hours although platelet activation can also impact the levels of these proteins. The levels of cytokines were elevated when tubes were centrifuged at cold temperature, while low levels were detected when samples were collected in CTAD tubes. Delays in centrifugation also had an impact on the levels of cytokines measured depending on the type of collection tube used. Our findings can help in the development of guidelines for blood collection and processing for proteomic biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Kuzyk
- Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dominik Domanski
- Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christoph H. Borchers
- Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Oncology, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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29
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Sadayappan S. Cardiac myosin binding protein-C: a potential early-stage, cardiac-specific biomarker of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomark Med 2012; 6:69-72. [PMID: 22296197 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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30
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Krisp C, McKay MJ, Wolters DA, Molloy MP. Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology-Selected Reaction Monitoring Improving Detection and Quantification for Protein Biomarker Studies. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1592-600. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2028485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Krisp
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthew J. McKay
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Australian
Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dirk A. Wolters
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Australian
Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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31
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Kim JS, Fillmore TL, Liu T, Robinson E, Hossain M, Champion BL, Moore RJ, Camp DG, Smith RD, Qian WJ. 18O-labeled proteome reference as global internal standards for targeted quantification by selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M110.007302. [PMID: 21988777 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.007302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS is an emerging technology for high throughput targeted protein quantification and verification in biomarker discovery studies; however, the cost associated with the application of stable isotope-labeled synthetic peptides as internal standards can be prohibitive for screening a large number of candidate proteins as often required in the preverification phase of discovery studies. Herein we present a proof of concept study using an (18)O-labeled proteome reference as global internal standards (GIS) for SRM-based relative quantification. The (18)O-labeled proteome reference (or GIS) can be readily prepared and contains a heavy isotope ((18)O)-labeled internal standard for every possible tryptic peptide. Our results showed that the percentage of heavy isotope ((18)O) incorporation applying an improved protocol was >99.5% for most peptides investigated. The accuracy, reproducibility, and linear dynamic range of quantification were further assessed based on known ratios of standard proteins spiked into the labeled mouse plasma reference. Reliable quantification was observed with high reproducibility (i.e. coefficient of variance <10%) for analyte concentrations that were set at 100-fold higher or lower than those of the GIS based on the light ((16)O)/heavy ((18)O) peak area ratios. The utility of (18)O-labeled GIS was further illustrated by accurate relative quantification of 45 major human plasma proteins. Moreover, quantification of the concentrations of C-reactive protein and prostate-specific antigen was illustrated by coupling the GIS with standard additions of purified protein standards. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the use of (18)O-labeled proteome reference as GIS provides a convenient, low cost, and effective strategy for relative quantification of a large number of candidate proteins in biological or clinical samples using SRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Seo Kim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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A large, consistent plasma proteomics data set from prospectively collected breast cancer patient and healthy volunteer samples. J Transl Med 2011; 9:80. [PMID: 21619653 PMCID: PMC3120690 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Variability of plasma sample collection and of proteomics technology platforms has been detrimental to generation of large proteomic profile datasets from human biospecimens. Methods We carried out a clinical trial-like protocol to standardize collection of plasma from 204 healthy and 216 breast cancer patient volunteers. The breast cancer patients provided follow up samples at 3 month intervals. We generated proteomics profiles from these samples with a stable and reproducible platform for differential proteomics that employs a highly consistent nanofabricated ChipCube™ chromatography system for peptide detection and quantification with fast, single dimension mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Protein identification is achieved with subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis employing the same ChipCube™ chromatography system. Results With this consistent platform, over 800 LC-MS plasma proteomic profiles from prospectively collected samples of 420 individuals were obtained. Using a web-based data analysis pipeline for LC-MS profiling data, analyses of all peptide peaks from these plasma LC-MS profiles reveals an average coefficient of variability of less than 15%. Protein identification of peptide peaks of interest has been achieved with subsequent LC-MS/MS analyses and by referring to a spectral library created from about 150 discrete LC-MS/MS runs. Verification of peptide quantity and identity is demonstrated with several Multiple Reaction Monitoring analyses. These plasma proteomic profiles are publicly available through ProteomeCommons. Conclusion From a large prospective cohort of healthy and breast cancer patient volunteers and using a nano-fabricated chromatography system, a consistent LC-MS proteomics dataset has been generated that includes more than 800 discrete human plasma profiles. This large proteomics dataset provides an important resource in support of breast cancer biomarker discovery and validation efforts.
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