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Silbereisen A, Bao K, Wolski W, Nanni P, Kunz L, Afacan B, Emingil G, Bostanci N. Probing the salivary proteome for prognostic biomarkers in response to non-surgical periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38660744 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM This prospective study investigated the salivary proteome before and after periodontal therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten systemically healthy, non-smoking, stage III, grade C periodontitis patients underwent non-surgical periodontal treatment. Full-mouth periodontal parameters were measured, and saliva (n = 30) collected pre- (T0), and one (T1) and six (T6) months post-treatment. The proteome was investigated by label-free quantitative proteomics. Protein expression changes were modelled over time, with significant protein regulation considered at false discovery rate <0.05. RESULTS Treatment significantly reduced bleeding scores, percentages of sites with pocket depth ≥5 mm, plaque and gingival indexes. One thousand seven hundred and thirteen proteins were identified and 838 proteins (human = 757, bacterial = 81) quantified (≥2 peptides). At T1, 80 (T1 vs. T0: 60↑:20↓), and at T6, 118 human proteins (T6 vs. T0: 67↑:51↓) were regulated. The salivary proteome at T6 versus T1 remained stable. Highest protein activity post- versus pre-treatment was observed for cellular movement and inflammatory response. The small proline-rich protein 3 (T1 vs. T0: 5.4-fold↑) and lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (T6 vs. T0: 4.6-fold↓) were the top regulated human proteins. Proteins from Neisseria mucosa and Treponema socranskii (T1 vs. T0: 8.0-fold↓, 4.9-fold↓) were down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal treatment reduced clinical disease parameters and these changes were reflected in the salivary proteome. This underscores the potential of utilizing saliva biomarkers as prognostic tools for monitoring treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Silbereisen
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Witold Wolski
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Nanni
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Kunz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beral Afacan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. Precision periodontal care: from omics discoveries to chairside diagnostics. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:971-978. [PMID: 36723713 PMCID: PMC9985578 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The interface of molecular science and technology is guiding the transformation of personalized to precision healthcare. The application of proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics is shaping the suitability of biomarkers for disease. Prior validation of such biomarkers in large and diverse patient cohorts helps verify their clinical usability. Incorporation of molecular discoveries into routine clinical practice relies on the development of customized assays and devices that enable the rapid delivery of analytical data to the clinician, while the patient is still in session. The present perspective review addresses this topic under the prism of precision periodontal care. Selected promising research attempts to innovate technological platforms for oral diagnostics are brought forward. Focus is placed on (a) the suitability of saliva as a conveniently sampled biological specimen for assessing periodontal health, (b) proteomics as a high-throughput approach for periodontal disease biomarker identification, and (c) chairside molecular diagnostic assays as a technological funnel for transitioning from the laboratory benchtop to the clinical point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels alle 8, 141 52, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels alle 8, 141 52, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Salivary secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor levels in patients with stage 3 grade C periodontitis: a comparative cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21267. [PMID: 36481656 PMCID: PMC9732338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is an anti-protease that protects mucosal tissue integrity owing to its anti-microbial and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to investigate SLPI levels in periodontal diseases, and analyze the potential correlation with clinical periodontal parameters. Whole saliva samples were obtained from healthy (n = 24), gingivitis (n = 24) and patients with stage 3 grade C periodontitis (n = 24). SLPI was measured by ELISA and normalized by total protein. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used for estimating the area under the curve (AUC). The normalized SLPI levels were significantly reduced in periodontitis compared with gingivitis (4.84-fold) or health (1.83-fold) and negatively correlated with periodontal parameters. The ROC curves showed a good predictor value of the SLPI for differentiation of periodontitis versus health or gingivitis (AUC ≥ 0.80). This study demonstrates that the levels of SLPI are high in periodontal health, further elevated in gingivitis, but eventually decreased in severe periodontitis beyond the former two states. This observation may have broader implications in the context of inflammatory diseases affecting the oral mucosa, as it shows that the bacterial burden is disturbing the homeostatic balances of anti-microbial and anti-protease factors in the oral cavity.
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Arponen H, Waltimo-Sirén J, Hauta-Alus HH, Tuhkiainen M, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Andersson S, Mäkitie O, Holmlund-Suila E. Effects of a 2-Year Early Childhood Vitamin D3 Intervention on Tooth Enamel and Oral Health at Age 6-7 Years. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 96:385-394. [PMID: 36473453 DOI: 10.1159/000528536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a 30 µg/day versus 10 µg/day vitamin D supplementation, given during the two first years of life, on oral health at the age of six to 7 years. METHODS In 2013-2016, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial from age 2 weeks to 2 years of daily vitamin D3 supplementation (10 vs. 30 µg), including 975 healthy infants. For the present follow-up study at age 6-7 years, a sample of 123 children underwent oral examination by investigators blinded to the intervention group. Tooth enamel defect and caries findings, oral rinse active matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels, and tooth eruption were recorded. The intervention groups were compared with χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests. Associations of the oral health outcomes were evaluated with correlation analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS Of the children (median age 7.4 years, 51% boys), 56% belonged to the 30 µg intervention group. Developmental defect of enamel (DDE) was found in 39% of the children in the 10 µg intervention group and in 53% of the 30 µg group (p = 0.104). In total, 94% of children were vitamin D sufficient (25[OH]D ≥50 nmol/L) and 88% had caries-free teeth. No associations were found between vitamin D intervention group in infancy and oral health or the presence of DDE. CONCLUSION Daily supplementation with 10 µg vitamin D3 in the Northern Hemisphere seems adequate in healthy children younger than 2 years in ensuring good oral health at early school age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Arponen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janna Waltimo-Sirén
- Division of Welfare, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena H Hauta-Alus
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikaela Tuhkiainen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Holmlund-Suila
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Paqué PN, Hjerppe J, Zuercher AN, Jung RE, Joda T. Salivary biomarkers as key to monitor personalized oral healthcare and precision dentistry: A scoping review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:1003679. [PMID: 36338569 PMCID: PMC9632857 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.1003679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized Oral Healthcare has recently become the new trend word in medicine and dentistry. In this context, saliva diagnostics using various biomarkers seem to be the gateway to personalized dental diagnostics and therapy. But the terminology is not (yet) uniformly defined, furthermore it is unclear to what extent which salivary markers play a relevant role in the therapeutic decision making. In this Scoping Review, an electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases using medical subject headings (MESH terms) “saliva”, “biomarker”, “personality/persons”, and “dentistry”. Only human studies were included, in which repeated salivary measurements were performed to analyze monitoring effects with at least ten patients per group. PRISMA-ScR and Tricco guidelines were followed: (i) to examine what salivary biomarkers have been explored in terms of personalized oral healthcare and precision dentistry, (ii) to investigate the clinical relevance for oral health and its correlation to systemic health, and (iii) to summarize an outlook for future developments based on these results. Out of 899 studies, a total of 57 were included for data extraction in this Scoping Review, mainly focusing on periodontal therapy and patient monitoring. Salivary biomarkers have shown the potential to change the field of dentistry in all dental disciplines as a key for personalized workflows. The increasing interest in dental research is obvious, demonstrated by the growing number of publications in recent years. At this time, however, the predominant discipline is periodontology, which allows biomarker-based monitoring of the disease prevention and progression. The studies included showed heterogeneous methods using manifolds biomarkers. Therefore, no uniformly accepted concept can be presented today. Further clinical research with well-defined outcomes including standardized procedures is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pune Nina Paqué
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jenni Hjerppe
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anina N. Zuercher
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronald E. Jung
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Joda
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Tim Joda
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Johannsen B, Baumgartner D, Karkossa L, Paust N, Karpíšek M, Bostanci N, Zengerle R, Mitsakakis K. ImmunoDisk—A Fully Automated Bead-Based Immunoassay Cartridge with All Reagents Pre-Stored. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060413. [PMID: 35735560 PMCID: PMC9221266 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the ImmunoDisk, a fully automated sample-to-answer centrifugal microfluidic cartridge, integrating a heterogeneous, wash-free, magnetic- and fluorescent bead-based immunoassay (bound-free phase detection immunoassay/BFPD-IA). The BFPD-IA allows the implementation of a simple fluidic structure, where the assay incubation, bead separation and detection are performed in the same chamber. The system was characterized using a C-reactive protein (CRP) competitive immunoassay. A parametric investigation on air drying of protein-coupled beads for pre-storage at room temperature is presented. The key parameters were buffer composition, drying temperature and duration. A protocol for drying two different types of protein-coupled beads with the same temperature and duration using different drying buffers is presented. The sample-to-answer workflow was demonstrated measuring CRP in 5 µL of human serum, without prior dilution, utilizing only one incubation step, in 20 min turnaround time, in the clinically relevant concentration range of 15–115 mg/L. A reproducibility assessment over three disk batches revealed an average signal coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.8 ± 1.3%. A CRP certified reference material was used for method verification with a concentration CV of 8.6%. Our results encourage future testing of the CRP-ImmunoDisk in clinical studies and its point-of-care implementation in many diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Johannsen
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (K.M.); Tel.: +49-761-203-7252 (B.J.); +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.)
| | - Desirée Baumgartner
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Lena Karkossa
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Michal Karpíšek
- BioVendor-Laboratorní Medicína a.s., Research & Diagnostic Products Division, Karasek 1767/1, Reckovice, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho trida 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (K.M.); Tel.: +49-761-203-7252 (B.J.); +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.)
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Heikkinen AM, Raivisto T, Räisänen I, Tervahartiala T, Bostanci N, Sorsa T. Implementing of aMMP‐8 point‐of‐care test with a modified new disease classification in Finnish adolescent cohorts. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:1142-1148. [PMID: 35676762 PMCID: PMC9562567 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Material and Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases and Public Health University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology University of Tampere Tampere Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | | | | | | | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Hameenlinna Kaupunki Hämeenlinna Finland
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Umeizudike KA, Lähteenmäki H, Räisänen IT, Taylor JJ, Preshaw PM, Bissett SM, Tervahartiala T, O Nwhator S, Pärnänen P, Sorsa T. Ability of matrix metalloproteinase-8 biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA immunoassays to differentiate between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:558-567. [PMID: 35304757 PMCID: PMC9311725 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of an MMP‐8 biosensor assay in differentiating periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis and compare it with an established time‐resolved immunofluorescence assay (IFMA) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Background Currently available antibody‐based assays display a wide variability in their ability to accurately measure matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) levels in saliva. Methods Salivary MMP‐8 levels were analyzed in 189 systemically healthy participants using an antibody‐based biosensor prototype that operates using a surface acoustic wave technology and compared with IFMA and ELISA antibody assays. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: periodontal health (59), gingivitis (63), and periodontitis (67). A sub‐population of participants (n = 20) with periodontitis received periodontal treatment and were monitored for 6 months. Results All the assays demonstrated significantly higher salivary MMP‐8 concentrations in participants with periodontitis versus gingivitis, periodontitis versus health, and gingivitis versus health (all p < .05). The biosensor data demonstrated significant correlations with IFMA (r = .354, p < .001) and ELISA (r = .681, p < .001). Significant reductions in salivary MMP‐8 concentrations were detected by the biosensor (p = .030) and IFMA (p = .002) in participants with periodontitis 6 months after non‐surgical periodontal treatment. IFMA had the best sensitivity (89.2%) for detecting periodontitis and gingivitis versus health and 96.6% for detecting periodontitis versus health and gingivitis. The biosensor had an AUC value of 0.81 and diagnostic accuracy of 74.2% for differentiating periodontitis and gingivitis from health; an AUC value of 0.86 and diagnostic accuracy of 82.8% for periodontitis versus health and gingivitis. Conclusions The biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA assays differentiated between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis based on salivary MMP‐8 levels. Only the biosensor and, particularly, IFMA identified an effect of periodontal treatment in the participants with periodontitis. Our findings support the potential utility of salivary oral fluid aMMP‐8‐based point‐of‐care technology in the future of periodontal diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Adesola Umeizudike
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Lähteenmäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John J Taylor
- School of Dental Sciences and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Susan M Bissett
- School of Dental Sciences and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solomon O Nwhator
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Salivary Biomarkers for Dental Caries Detection and Personalized Monitoring. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030235. [PMID: 33806927 PMCID: PMC8004821 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of salivary bacterial and protein markers for evaluating the disease status in healthy individuals or patients with gingivitis or caries. Saliva samples from caries- and gingivitis-free individuals (n = 18), patients with gingivitis (n = 17), or patients with deep caries lesions (n = 38) were collected and analyzed for 44 candidate biomarkers (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases, a metallopeptidase inhibitor, proteolytic enzymes, and selected oral bacteria). The resulting data were subjected to principal component analysis and used as a training set for random forest (RF) modeling. This computational analysis revealed four biomarkers (IL-4, IL-13, IL-2-RA, and eotaxin/CCL11) to be of high importance for the correct depiction of caries in 37 of 38 patients. The RF model was then used to classify 10 subjects (five caries-/gingivitis-free and five with caries), who were followed over a period of six months. The results were compared to the clinical assessments of dental specialists, revealing a high correlation between the RF prediction and the clinical classification. Due to the superior sensitivity of the RF model, there was a divergence in the prediction of two caries and four caries-/gingivitis-free subjects. These findings suggest IL-4, IL-13, IL-2-RA, and eotaxin/CCL11 as potential salivary biomarkers for identifying noninvasive caries. Furthermore, we suggest a potential association between JAK/STAT signaling and dental caries onset and progression.
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10
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Validation and verification of predictive salivary biomarkers for oral health. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6406. [PMID: 33742017 PMCID: PMC7979790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is important not only due to the diseases emerging in the oral cavity but also due to the direct relation to systemic health. Thus, early and accurate characterization of the oral health status is of utmost importance. There are several salivary biomarkers as candidates for gingivitis and periodontitis, which are major oral health threats, affecting the gums. These need to be verified and validated for their potential use as differentiators of health, gingivitis and periodontitis status, before they are translated to chair-side for diagnostics and personalized monitoring. We aimed to measure 10 candidates using high sensitivity ELISAs in a well-controlled cohort of 127 individuals from three groups: periodontitis (60), gingivitis (31) and healthy (36). The statistical approaches included univariate statistical tests, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) with the corresponding Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. The main outcomes were that the combination of multiple biomarker assays, rather than the use of single ones, can offer a predictive accuracy of > 90% for gingivitis versus health groups; and 100% for periodontitis versus health and periodontitis versus gingivitis groups. Furthermore, ratios of biomarkers MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were also proven to be powerful differentiating values compared to the single biomarkers.
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Tsuchida S, Nakayama T. Proteomic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus and periodontitis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 17:793-795. [PMID: 33470147 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1879648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachio Tsuchida
- Divisions of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- Divisions of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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Öztürk VÖ, Emingil G, Umeizudike K, Tervahartiala T, Gieselmann DR, Maier K, Köse T, Sorsa T, Alassiri S. Evaluation of active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) chair-side test as a diagnostic biomarker in the staging of periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:104955. [PMID: 33556789 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need for a reliable complementary diagnostic tool that ideally helps to screen, differentiate sites, activities of and predict future periodontal tissue destruction. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the screening and prevention potential of the chair-side/point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic test of salivary active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels at different stages of periodontal disease and periodontal health. MATERIAL & METHODS 80 individuals were included in this study; 18 with periodontitis stage 3 (P-Stage III), 19 with periodontitis stage-4 (P-Stage IV), 21 with gingivitis, and 22 with clinically healthy periodontium (H). The aMMP-8 levels in GCF and saliva were analyzed by chairside point-of-care aMMP-8 lateral flow immunotest and also by a time-resolved immunofluorescence assay (IFMA). RESULTS The sensitivity of the chair-side/PoC test was 83.9 % while specificity was 79.2 %. The aMMP-8 IFMA levels in GCF were significantly higher in P-Stage IV group than P-Stage III, gingivitis and healthy groups (p = 0.01, p = 0.001, p = 0.00, respectively). Moreover, P-Stage III and gingivitis groups had significantly higher aMMP-8 IFMA levels than the healthy group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The aMMP-8 chair-side test showed promising results in its ability to recognize and predict the inflammatory status even at the very initial/early stages. aMMP-8 chair-side test could be a valuable adjunctive diagnostic and preventive tool to conventional clinical methods in detecting periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Özgen Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kehinde Umeizudike
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dirk-Rolf Gieselmann
- Institute of Molecular Dentistry and Dentognostics GmbH, Solingen and Jena, Germany
| | - Kurt Maier
- Institute of Molecular Dentistry and Dentognostics GmbH, Solingen and Jena, Germany
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinksa Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Saeed Alassiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki, Finland
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Bostanci N, Silbereisen A, Bao K, Grossmann J, Nanni P, Fernandez C, Nascimento GG, Belibasakis GN, Lopez R. Salivary proteotypes of gingivitis tolerance and resilience. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:1304-1316. [PMID: 32777086 PMCID: PMC7692908 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to characterize the salivary proteome during the induction and resolution of gingival inflammation in the course of human experimental gingivitis (EG), and to cluster the proteomic profiles based on the clinically defined “slow” and “fast” response patterns. Materials and Methods A total of 50 unstimulated whole saliva were obtained from the EG model which was induced over 21 days (days 0, 7, 14 and 21), followed by a two‐week resolution phase (day 35). Label‐free quantitative proteomics using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was applied. Regulated proteins were subject to Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Results A total of 804 human proteins were quantified by ≥ 2 peptides. Principal component analysis depicted significant differences between “fast” and “slow” responders. Despite gingival and plaque scores being similar at baseline among the two groups, “fast” responders presented with 48 proteins that were at > 4‐fold higher levels than “slow” responders. These up‐regulated proteins showed enrichment in “antigen presentation” and “proteolysis.” Conclusions Together, these findings highlight the utility of integrative systems‐level quantitative proteomic approaches to unravel the molecular basis of “salivary proteotypes” associated with gingivitis dubbed as “fast” and “slow” responders. Hence, these differential responses may help prognosticate individual susceptibility to gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai Bao
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomic Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Nanni
- Functional Genomic Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Fernandez
- Functional Genomic Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Lopez
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Bostanci N. Revisiting "-omics" in Oral Health and Disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900022. [PMID: 32426939 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Disease, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14104, Sweden
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