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Huestis P, Stull JA, Lichthardt JP, Wasiolek MA, Montano-Martinez L, Manner VW. Effects of Low-Level Gamma Radiation on Common Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2842-2849. [PMID: 35097280 PMCID: PMC8793075 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aging of high explosives in an ionizing radiation field is not well understood, and little work has been done in the low dose and low dose rate regime. In this study, four explosives were exposed to low-level gamma irradiation from a 137Cs source: PETN, PATO, and PBX 9501 both with and without the Irganox 1010 stabilizer. Post-irradiation analysis included GC-MS of the headspace gas, SEM of the pellets and powder, NMR spectroscopy, DSC analysis, impact sensitivity tests, and ESD sensitivity tests. Overall, no significant change to the materials was seen for the dose and dose rate explored in this study. A small change in the 1H NMR spectrum of PETN was observed and SEM and ESD results suggest a surface energy change in PATO, but these differences are minor and do not appear to have a substantial impact on the handling safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia
L. Huestis
- High
Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jamie A. Stull
- High
Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Joseph P. Lichthardt
- High
Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Maryla A. Wasiolek
- Gamma
Irradiation Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Lori Montano-Martinez
- Energetic
Materials, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Virginia W. Manner
- High
Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Deng HL, Luo XS, Lin Z, Niu J, Huang MH. 14N NMR as a General Tool to Characterize the Nitrogen-Containing Species and Monitor the Nitration Process. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16699-16706. [PMID: 34761932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of 14N NMR spectroscopy was highly underestimated compared with 15N NMR, which usually required tedious and expensive 15N-labeling manipulations. It is of great significance to make the 14N NMR spectroscopy convenient and useful considering 14N nuclei's high natural abundance of 99.6%. Herein, lots of efforts have been made to generalize routine 14N NMR to characterize nitrogen-containing species by tuning the balance between the solubility and viscosity of the samples. Satisfactory 14N NMR spectra of more than 60 nitrogen-containing compounds have been recorded, and the chemical shifts and the peaks' full width at half-maxima of more than 10 nitrogen-based functionalities have been summarized. Successful monitoring of the ortho-selective nitration of aniline has been demonstrated using the 14N NMR protocol developed in this paper, which will help realize the visualization of nitration processes in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Experimental Center for Advanced Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Experimental Center for Advanced Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhihui Lin
- China Rongtong Resources Development Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaxin Niu
- China Rongtong Resources Development Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mu-Hua Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Experimental Center for Advanced Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Feng S, Meng X, Luo J, Xu Y, Ning X. Identifying urotropine derivatives as co-donors of formaldehyde and nitric oxide for improving antitumor therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7581-7584. [PMID: 34250986 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A pharmacophore integration strategy was utilized to develop the first co-donor of formaldehyde and nitric oxide (FANO), composed of urotropine derived nitramine/nitrosamine. FANO simultaneously generated formaldehyde and nitric oxide on-demand, resulting in synergistic anticancer effects. Importantly, liposomal formulation of FANO effectively inhibited tumor growth with minimal side-effects, providing a potent combined nitric oxide therapy for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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4
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Zheng Y, Qi X, Chen S, Song S, Zhang Y, Wang K, Zhang Q. Self-Assembly of Nitrogen-Rich Heterocyclic Compounds with Oxidants for the Development of High-Energy Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28390-28397. [PMID: 34106697 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of energetic materials with high energy and low sensitivity has attracted immense interests due to their widespread applications in aerospace technology and national defense. In this work, a promising self-assembly strategy was developed to prepare three high-energy materials (1-3) through the introduction of oxidant molecules into the crystal voids of the parent materials. The structures of these new materials were comprehensively examined by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In these materials, three unique layer structures with hcb, sql, and interrupted sql topologies were observed, which were formed by the fused-ring-based energetic components. Windows with hexagonal, square, and rectangular structures were observed within these layer structures, which were occupied by H2O2, NO3-, and ClO4-, respectively. Oxidant molecules interacted with parent molecules via hydrogen bonds to form crystal structures of these materials. Moreover, the energetic property of these materials was estimated by computing methods. The calculation results revealed that these self-assembly materials exhibit excellent energetic properties. The highest energetic performance was observed for compound 3. The detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and specific impulse values were up to 9339 m·s-1, 42.5 GPa, and 308 s, respectively, which were greater than those of HMX. Furthermore, these materials exhibited good sensitivity, which was closely related to their unique crystal structures. The high performance of these materials indicated that the self-assembly strategy should be a promising method for the development of novel energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), 621900 Mianyang, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), 621900 Mianyang, China
| | - Siwei Song
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), 621900 Mianyang, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), 621900 Mianyang, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Kangcai Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), 621900 Mianyang, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), 621900 Mianyang, China
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5
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Klapec DJ, Czarnopys G, Pannuto J. Interpol review of detection and characterization of explosives and explosives residues 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:670-700. [PMID: 33385149 PMCID: PMC7770463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature for the analysis and detection of explosives and explosives residues from 2016-2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/Resources/Documents#Publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Klapec
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Greg Czarnopys
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Julie Pannuto
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
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Liu W, Xu Z, Wang R, Zhang C, Yan Q, Meng Z. Synthesis, Hydrolysis, Reduction and Nitrolysis of Glycoluril‐Derived Precursors: Another Attempt toward the Synthesis of Nitramine Explosives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Chenfan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Qiaoli Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
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