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Sundram S, Dhiman N, Malviya R, Awasthi R. Synthesis of Novel Acrylamide Graft Copolymer of Acacia nilotica Gum for the Stabilization of Melatonin Nanoparticles for Improved Therapeutic Effect: Optimization Using (3) 2 Factorial Design. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024. [PMID: 38962889 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2024.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to optimize the microwave-assisted synthesis of the acrylamide graft copolymer of Acacia nilotica gum (AM-co-ANG). Furthermore, graft copolymer was used for the formulation of a nanoparticulate system using a novel top to bottom solvent antisolvent technique for the delivery of melatonin. Grafting of ANG was optimized by using 32 factorial design, where concentrations of polymer and monomer (acrylamide) were used as independent variables and swelling index in acidic (0.1 N HCl) and basic (1 N NaOH) pH. Grafted polymers were further used to develop and optimize nanoparticulate system using concentration of the graft copolymer and concentration of drug as independent variables. The size of the nanoformulation and entrapment efficiency were selected as dependent variables. Difference in infrared spectrum and absorbance maxima in the ultraviolet region confirm that grafting has taken place. Porous structure and a higher contact angle confirmed hydrophobic nature of AM-co-ANG as compared with the native polymer. Acrylamide graft copolymers show more swelling in 1 N NaOH as compared with 0.1 N HCl. In vitro toxicity studies in hepatic (HepG2 cell line), brain (SHSY5Y cell line), and skin (HaCaT cell line) cells easily predict that synthesized polymer have no cytotoxicity. The entrapment efficiency ranged from 55.24 ± 1.35% to 73.21 ± 1.83%. A nonlinear correlation was observed between independent and dependent variables, as confirmed by multivariate analysis of variance, surface regression, and the correlation report. The prepared formulations were able to release drug up to 12 h. The regression coefficient easily predicted that most of the formulations followed Baker-Lonsdale drug release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sundram
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Neerupma Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, India
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Patil A, Nangare S, Mahajan P, Jain P, Zawar L. Chitosan and neem gum-based polyelectrolyte complex for design of allantoin loaded biocomposite film: In-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130280. [PMID: 38378120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Presently, the preference for chitosan (CS) and gum polysaccharides in biomedical applications including drug delivery and wound healing has been extensively documented. Despite this, the demerits of CS and gum polysaccharides such as poor mechanical properties, degradation rate, swelling, etc., limit their applications for designing biocomposite films for drug delivery. Therefore, the anticipated work aims to design a CS and neem gum polysaccharides (NGP) polyelectrolyte complex-based allantoin (AT)-loaded (CS/NGP-AT) biocomposite film for improved wound healing. In brief, CS, NGP, and CS/NGP-AT-based biocomposite films were prepared using the solvent-casting method, and in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo characterizations were performed to assess the performance of these biocomposite films compared to their counterparts. In this, diffractogram and thermogram analysis assured the conversion of crystalline AT into an amorphous form. The optimized CS/NGP/AT-3 formulation exhibited controlled water absorption, appropriate water uptake capacity, good water retention ability, excellent water vapor transmission rate, controlled degradation rate, enhanced mechanical properties, cell and blood biocompatibility, etc. Furthermore, it offered improved antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential. The optimized film provided a modified release (88.3 ± 0.3 %) of AT from the film for up to 48 h. Wound healing experiments on rats and their histopathology studies confirmed a significantly higher rate of wound recovery within 14 days compared to the control and CS/NGP film, attributable to the combined effects of CS, NGP, and AT. In conclusion, the fabricated CS/NGP-based biocomposite film presents promising prospects as an excellent candidate for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Sopan Nangare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Pooja Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Pankaj Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Laxmikant Zawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra State, India.
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Anubha M, Saranya R, Chandrasatheesh C, Jayapriya J. Effect of neem gum on water sorption, biodegradability and mechanical properties of thermoplastic corn starch-based packaging films. Chem Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2065368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Anubha
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr Rangarajan Dr Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai, India
| | - R. Saranya
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, AC Tech, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - C. Chandrasatheesh
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, AC Tech, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - J. Jayapriya
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, AC Tech, Anna University, Chennai, India
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Chen Z, Wang X, Shi L, Liu Q, Gao Y, Chen W, Yang J, Yuan X, Feng J. Fabrication and Characterization of Prochloraz Nanoemulsion against Penicillium citrinum for the Postharvest Storage of Navel Oranges. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13757-13766. [PMID: 34748347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions have become extremely popular water-insoluble pesticide delivery systems in recent years. In this study, prochloraz nanoemulsions were obtained by selecting the mixing ratio of surfactants (6:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:6), surfactant concentration, and shearing time. The optimal formula was 10 wt % prochloraz, 6 wt % surfactant (2 wt % CO-100 + 4 wt % CO-360) dissolved in 6 wt % hydrocarbon solvent (S-100A), and deionized water replenished to 100 wt %. This formula meets the quality index standards of the Food and Agriculture Organization. Compared with oil-in-water emulsion (EW), the prochloraz nanoemulsion exhibited higher antifungal activity against Penicillium citrinum in vitro (lower LC50 of 1.17 mg L-1) and in vivo (fewer lesions). In addition, the L02 cells treated with the nanoemulsion had a higher survival rate and lower apoptosis rate at the same concentration. Results showed that the toxicity of the prochloraz nanoemulsion on L02 cells was lower than that of EW. The findings provide an important method for developing an efficient, safe, and environment-friendly nanoemulsion for postharvest fruit storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinlian Wang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liyin Shi
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wang Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinghan Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Malviya R, Raj S, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam K, Kumari U, Unnikrishnan Meenakshi D, Porwal O, Hari Kumar D, Singh A, Chakravarthi S, Kumar Fuloria N. Evaluation of Antitumor Efficacy of Chitosan-Tamarind Gum Polysaccharide Polyelectrolyte Complex Stabilized Nanoparticles of Simvastatin. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2533-2553. [PMID: 33824590 PMCID: PMC8018389 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s300991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was intended to fabricate chitosan (Ch)-tamarind gum polysaccharide (TGP) polyelectrolyte complex stabilized cubic nanoparticles of simvastatin and evaluate their potential against human breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antisolvent precipitation method was used for formulation of nanoparticles. Factorial design (32) was utilized as a tool to analyze the effect of Ch and TGP concentration on particle size and entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles. RESULTS Formulated nanoparticles showed high entrapment efficiency (67.19±0.42-83.36±0.23%) and small size (53.3-383.1 nm). The present investigation involved utilization of two biological membranes (egg and tomato) as biological barriers for drug release. The study revealed that drug release from tomato membranes was retarded (as compared to egg membranes) but the release pattern matched that of egg membranes. All formulations followed the Baker-Lansdale model of drug release irrespective of the two different biological barriers. Stability studies were carried out for 45 days and exhibited less variation in particle size as well as a reduction in entrapment efficiency. Simvastatin loaded PEC stabilized nanoparticles exhibited better control on growth of human breast cancer cell lines than simple simvastatin. An unusual anticancer effect of simvastatin nanoparticles is also supported by several other research studies. CONCLUSION The present study involves first-time synthesis of Ch-TGP polyelectrolyte complex stabilized nanoparticles of simvastatin against MCF-7 cells. It recommends that, in future, theoretical modeling and IVIVC should be carried out for perfect designing of delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Shakshi Raj
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, 42610, Malaysia
| | - Kathiresan Sathasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
| | - Usha Kumari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
| | | | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, 44001, KRG, Iraq
| | - Darnal Hari Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Johor Bahru, 80200, Malaysia
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, 42610, Malaysia
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
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