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Oliveira TL, Rizzi C, Dellagostin OA. Recombinant BCG vaccines: molecular features and their influence in the expression of foreign genes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6865-6877. [PMID: 28779291 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccines (rBCG) were first developed in the 1990s as a means of expressing antigens from multiple pathogens. This review examines the key structural factors of recombinant M. bovis that influence the expression of the heterologous antigens and the generation of genetic and functional stability in rBCG, which are crucial for inducing strong and lasting immune responses. The fundamental aim of this paper is to provide an overview of factors that affect the expression of recombinant proteins in BCG and the generation of the immune response against the target antigens, including mycobacterial promoters, location of foreign antigens, and stability of the vectors. The reporter systems that have been employed for evaluation of these molecular features in BCG are also reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Larré Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rizzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. .,Unidade de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil.
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2
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Gómez S, López-Estepa M, Fernández FJ, Vega MC. Protein Complex Production in Alternative Prokaryotic Hosts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 896:115-33. [PMID: 27165322 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Research for multiprotein expression in nonconventional bacterial and archaeal expression systems aims to exploit particular properties of "alternative" prokaryotic hosts that might make them more efficient than E. coli for particular applications, especially in those areas where more conventional bacterial hosts traditionally do not perform well. Currently, a wide range of products with clinical or industrial application have to be isolated from their native source, often microorganisms whose growth present numerous problems owing to very slow growth phenotypes or because they are unculturable under laboratory conditions. In those cases, transfer of the gene pathway responsible for synthesizing the product of interest into a suitable recombinant host becomes an attractive alternative solution. Despite many efforts dedicated to improving E. coli systems due to low cost, ease of use, and its dominant position as a ubiquitous expression host model, many alternative prokaryotic systems have been developed for heterologous protein expression mostly for biotechnological applications. Continuous research has led to improvements in expression yield through these non-conventional models, including Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Mycobacterium as alternative bacterial expression hosts. Advantageous properties shared by these systems include low costs, high levels of secreted protein products and their safety of use, with non-pathogenic strains been commercialized. In addition, the use of extremophilic and halotolerant archaea as expression hosts has to be considered as a potential tool for the production of mammalian membrane proteins such as GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Estepa
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Fernández
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cristina Vega
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Bashiri G, Baker EN. Production of recombinant proteins in Mycobacterium smegmatis for structural and functional studies. Protein Sci 2014; 24:1-10. [PMID: 25303009 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein production using recombinant DNA technology has a fundamental impact on our understanding of biology through providing proteins for structural and functional studies. Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been traditionally used as the default expression host to over-express and purify proteins from many different organisms. E. coli does, however, have known shortcomings for obtaining soluble, properly folded proteins suitable for downstream studies. These shortcomings are even more pronounced for the mycobacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, with typically only one third of proteins expressed in E. coli produced as soluble proteins. Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) is a closely related and non-pathogenic species that has been successfully used as an expression host for production of proteins from various mycobacterial species. In this review, we describe the early attempts to produce mycobacterial proteins in alternative expression hosts and then focus on available expression systems in M. smegmatis. The advantages of using M. smegmatis as an expression host, its application in structural biology and some practical aspects of protein production are also discussed. M. smegmatis provides an effective expression platform for enhanced understanding of mycobacterial biology and pathogenesis and for developing novel and better therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Bashiri
- Structural Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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Schnappinger D, Ehrt S. Regulated Expression Systems for Mycobacteria and Their Applications. Microbiol Spectr 2014; 2:03. [PMID: 25485177 PMCID: PMC4254785 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mgm2-0018-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For bacterial model organisms like Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis genetic tools to experimentally manipulate the activity of individual genes existed for decades. But for genetically less tractable yet medically important bacteria such as M. tuberculosis such tools have rarely been available. More recently several groups developed genetic switches that function efficiently in M. tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. Together these systems utilize six different transcription factors, eight different regulated promoters, and three different regulatory principles. Here we describe their design features, review their main applications, and discuss advantages and disadvantages of regulating transcription, translation, or protein stability for controlling gene activities in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College, and Program in Molecular Biology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Sabine Ehrt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College, and Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
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Seiler CY, Park JG, Sharma A, Hunter P, Surapaneni P, Sedillo C, Field J, Algar R, Price A, Steel J, Throop A, Fiacco M, LaBaer J. DNASU plasmid and PSI:Biology-Materials repositories: resources to accelerate biological research. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:D1253-60. [PMID: 24225319 PMCID: PMC3964992 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mission of the DNASU Plasmid Repository is to accelerate research by providing high-quality, annotated plasmid samples and online plasmid resources to the research community through the curated DNASU database, website and repository (http://dnasu.asu.edu or http://dnasu.org). The collection includes plasmids from grant-funded, high-throughput cloning projects performed in our laboratory, plasmids from external researchers, and large collections from consortia such as the ORFeome Collaboration and the NIGMS-funded Protein Structure Initiative: Biology (PSI:Biology). Through DNASU, researchers can search for and access detailed information about each plasmid such as the full length gene insert sequence, vector information, associated publications, and links to external resources that provide additional protein annotations and experimental protocols. Plasmids can be requested directly through the DNASU website. DNASU and the PSI:Biology-Materials Repositories were previously described in the 2010 NAR Database Issue (Cormier, C.Y., Mohr, S.E., Zuo, D., Hu, Y., Rolfs, A., Kramer, J., Taycher, E., Kelley, F., Fiacco, M., Turnbull, G. et al. (2010) Protein Structure Initiative Material Repository: an open shared public resource of structural genomics plasmids for the biological community. Nucleic Acids Res., 38, D743-D749.). In this update we will describe the plasmid collection and highlight the new features in the website redesign, including new browse/search options, plasmid annotations and a dynamic vector mapping feature that was developed in collaboration with LabGenius. Overall, these plasmid resources continue to enable research with the goal of elucidating the role of proteins in both normal biological processes and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Y Seiler
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Dr. Tempe, AZ 85287-6401, USA and LabGenius, 20-22 Bedford Row, London, WC1R 4JS, UK
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Dixon N, Robinson CJ, Geerlings T, Duncan JN, Drummond SP, Micklefield J. Orthogonal Riboswitches for Tuneable Coexpression in Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dixon N, Robinson CJ, Geerlings T, Duncan JN, Drummond SP, Micklefield J. Orthogonal Riboswitches for Tuneable Coexpression in Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3620-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tharad M, Samuchiwal SK, Bhalla K, Ghosh A, Kumar K, Kumar S, Ranganathan A. A three-hybrid system to probe in vivo protein-protein interactions: application to the essential proteins of the RD1 complex of M. tuberculosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27503. [PMID: 22087330 PMCID: PMC3210800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein-protein interactions play a crucial role in enabling a pathogen to survive within a host. In many cases the interactions involve a complex of proteins rather than just two given proteins. This is especially true for pathogens like M. tuberculosis that are able to successfully survive the inhospitable environment of the macrophage. Studying such interactions in detail may help in developing small molecules that either disrupt or augment the interactions. Here, we describe the development of an E. coli based bacterial three-hybrid system that can be used effectively to study ternary protein complexes. Methodology/Principal Findings The protein-protein interactions involved in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis have been used as a model for the validation of the three-hybrid system. Using the M. tuberculosis RD1 encoded proteins CFP10, ESAT6 and Rv3871 for our proof-of-concept studies, we show that the interaction between the proteins CFP10 and Rv3871 is strengthened and stabilized in the presence of ESAT6, the known heterodimeric partner of CFP10. Isolating peptide candidates that can disrupt crucial protein-protein interactions is another application that the system offers. We demonstrate this by using CFP10 protein as a disruptor of a previously established interaction between ESAT6 and a small peptide HCL1; at the same time we also show that CFP10 is not able to disrupt the strong interaction between ESAT6 and another peptide SL3. Conclusions/Significance The validation of the three-hybrid system paves the way for finding new peptides that are stronger binders of ESAT6 compared even to its natural partner CFP10. Additionally, we believe that the system offers an opportunity to study tri-protein complexes and also perform a screening of protein/peptide binders to known interacting proteins so as to elucidate novel tri-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Tharad
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Samuchiwal
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuhulika Bhalla
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Anamika Ghosh
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Ranganathan
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Cormier CY, Park JG, Fiacco M, Steel J, Hunter P, Kramer J, Singla R, LaBaer J. PSI:Biology-materials repository: a biologist's resource for protein expression plasmids. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS 2011; 12:55-62. [PMID: 21360289 PMCID: PMC3184641 DOI: 10.1007/s10969-011-9100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Protein Structure Initiative:Biology-Materials Repository (PSI:Biology-MR; MR; http://psimr.asu.edu ) sequence-verifies, annotates, stores, and distributes the protein expression plasmids and vectors created by the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI). The MR has developed an informatics and sample processing pipeline that manages this process for thousands of samples per month from nearly a dozen PSI centers. DNASU ( http://dnasu.asu.edu ), a freely searchable database, stores the plasmid annotations, which include the full-length sequence, vector information, and associated publications for over 130,000 plasmids created by our laboratory, by the PSI and other consortia, and by individual laboratories for distribution to researchers worldwide. Each plasmid links to external resources, including the PSI Structural Biology Knowledgebase ( http://sbkb.org ), which facilitates cross-referencing of a particular plasmid to additional protein annotations and experimental data. To expedite and simplify plasmid requests, the MR uses an expedited material transfer agreement (EP-MTA) network, where researchers from network institutions can order and receive PSI plasmids without institutional delays. As of March 2011, over 39,000 protein expression plasmids and 78 empty vectors from the PSI are available upon request from DNASU. Overall, the MR's repository of expression-ready plasmids, its automated pipeline, and the rapid process for receiving and distributing these plasmids more effectively allows the research community to dissect the biological function of proteins whose structures have been studied by the PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Y. Cormier
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6401
| | - Jin G. Park
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6401
| | - Michael Fiacco
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6401
| | - Jason Steel
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6401
| | - Preston Hunter
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6401
| | - Jason Kramer
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6401
| | - Rajeev Singla
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6401
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6401
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Bashiri G, Rehan AM, Greenwood DR, Dickson JMJ, Baker EN. Metabolic engineering of cofactor F420 production in Mycobacterium smegmatis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15803. [PMID: 21209917 PMCID: PMC3012119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cofactor F420 is a unique electron carrier in a number of microorganisms including Archaea and Mycobacteria. It has been shown that F420 has a direct and important role in archaeal energy metabolism whereas the role of F420 in mycobacterial metabolism has only begun to be uncovered in the last few years. It has been suggested that cofactor F420 has a role in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. In the absence of a commercial source for F420, M. smegmatis has previously been used to provide this cofactor for studies of the F420-dependent proteins from mycobacterial species. Three proteins have been shown to be involved in the F420 biosynthesis in Mycobacteria and three other proteins have been demonstrated to be involved in F420 metabolism. Here we report the over-expression of all of these proteins in M. smegmatis and testing of their importance for F420 production. The results indicate that co–expression of the F420 biosynthetic proteins can give rise to a much higher F420 production level. This was achieved by designing and preparing a new T7 promoter–based co-expression shuttle vector. A combination of co–expression of the F420 biosynthetic proteins and fine-tuning of the culture media has enabled us to achieve F420 production levels of up to 10 times higher compared with the wild type M. smegmatis strain. The high levels of the F420 produced in this study provide a suitable source of this cofactor for studies of F420-dependent proteins from other microorganisms and for possible biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Bashiri
- Structural Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Shiloh MU, Champion PAD. To catch a killer. What can mycobacterial models teach us about Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis? Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:86-92. [PMID: 20036184 PMCID: PMC2876343 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of the global tuberculosis epidemic. To combat this successful human pathogen we need a better understanding of the basic biology of mycobacterial pathogenesis. The use of mycobacterial model systems has the potential to greatly facilitate our understanding of how M. tuberculosis causes disease. Recently, studies using mycobacterial models, including M. bovis BCG, M. marinum, and M. smegmatis have significantly contributed to understanding M. tuberculosis. Specifically, there have been advances in genetic manipulation of M. tuberculosis using inducible promoters and recombineering that alleviate technical limitations in working with mycobacteria. Model systems have helped elucidate how secretion systems function at both the molecular level and during virulence. Mycobacterial models have also led to interesting hypotheses about how M. tuberculosis mediates latent infection and host response. While there is utility in using model systems to understand tuberculosis, each of these models represent distinct mycobacterial species with unique environmental adaptations. Directly comparing findings in model mycobacteria to those in M. tuberculosis will illuminate the similarities and differences between these species and increase our understanding of why M. tuberculosis is such a potent human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael U Shiloh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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