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Bernard PJ, Bellili D, Ismaili L. Calcium channel blockers' contribution to overcoming Current drug discovery challenges in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:21-32. [PMID: 37800853 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2266994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible, and multifactorial brain disorder that gradually and insidiously destroys individual's memory, thinking, and other cognitive abilities. AREAS COVERED In this perspective, the authors examine the complex and multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease and believe that the best approach to develop new drugs is the MTDL strategy, which obviously faces several challenges. These challenges include identifying the key combination of targets and their suitability for coordinated actions, as well as developing an acceptable pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile to deliver a drug candidate. EXPERT OPINION Since calcium plays a crucial role in the pathology of AD, a polypharmacological approach with calcium channel blockers reinforced by activities targeting other factors involved in AD is a serious option in our opinion. This is exemplified by a phase III clinical trial using a drug combination approach with Losartan, Amlodipine (a calcium channel blocker), and Atorvastatin, as well as several MTDL-based calcium channel blockade approaches with a promising in vitro and in vivo profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Bernard
- Université de Franche-Comté, LINC, UFR Santé, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Besançon, France
| | - Djamila Bellili
- Université de Franche-Comté, LINC, UFR Santé, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Besançon, France
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Université de Franche-Comté, LINC, UFR Santé, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Besançon, France
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Multicomponent reactions as a privileged tool for multitarget-directed ligand strategies in Alzheimer's disease therapy. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1583-1606. [PMID: 36263996 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among neurodegenerative pathologies affecting the older population, Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia and leads to neurocognitive and behavioral disorders. It is a complex and progressive age-related multifactorial disease characterized by a series of highly interconnected pathophysiological processes. Within the last decade, the multitarget-directed ligand strategy has emerged as a viable approach to developing complex molecules that exhibit several pharmacophores which can target the different enzymes and receptors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Herein, we focus on using multicomponent reactions such as Hantzsch, Biginelli and Ugi to develop these biologically active multitopic ligands.
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Xue L, Wu L, Li Y, Yang Q, Sun D, Zhang H, Xu H, Li Y. A novel fluorescent probe with aggregation induced emission (AIE) effect based on 1,4-dihydropyridine and its applications. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 37:177-185. [PMID: 34750947 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent hydrazine hydrate probe (DMA) based on 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives was designed and synthesized. The fluorescence emission peak of this probe is in the near-infrared region (667 nm), which has good selectivity to hydrazine hydrate and low detection limit (11 nM). Importantly, the probe exhibits aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. In addition, the probe is prepared with a portable test paper to realize the identification of hydrazine hydrate in the solution and the quantitative detection of hydrazine hydrate gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqi Xue
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Liangqiang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Yapeng Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Qingbiao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Dazhi Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Hai Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Yaoxian Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
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Xue L, Lv J, Li R, Li Y, Du J, Qi S, Yang Q, Shan Y, Li Y. A novel mitochondrial-targeting fluorescent probe based on 1,4-dihydropyridine to visualize and monitor the viscosity of live cells and mice in vivo. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4238-4245. [PMID: 34591951 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell viscosity is related to some diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. These diseases can cause abnormal viscosity of the cell mitochondrial matrix. 1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP) is an important organic compound with biological activity and is widely used in drug research. However, there are few studies on its optical properties, especially in the design of viscous fluorescent probes. In this study, a fluorescent probe for viscosity detection using 1,4-dihydropyridine as the fluorophore and indole iodide salt as the recognition group was designed and synthesized. The probe has the advantages of a deep-red emission, low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility and excellent anti-interference ability. In addition, the probe also has the ability to target mitochondria and has been successfully applied to the detection of the viscosity response of HeLa cells and living mice, and has good clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqi Xue
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Jialin Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ronghang Li
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yapeng Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Jianshi Du
- Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130031, Jilin, China
| | - Shaolong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130031, Jilin, China
| | - Qingbiao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130031, Jilin, China
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yaoxian Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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Sharma S, Bhatia V. Appraisal of the Role of In silico Methods in Pyrazole Based Drug Design. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:204-216. [PMID: 32875985 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200901184146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazole and its derivatives are a pharmacologically and significantly active scaffolds that have innumerable physiological and pharmacological activities. They can be very good targets for the discovery of novel anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-tubercular, antiviral, antioxidant, antidepressant, anti-convulsant and neuroprotective drugs. This review focuses on the importance of in silico manipulations of pyrazole and its derivatives for medicinal chemistry. The authors have discussed currently available information on the use of computational techniques like molecular docking, structure-based virtual screening (SBVS), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) to drug design using pyrazole moieties. Pyrazole based drug design is mainly dependent on the integration of experimental and computational approaches. The authors feel that more studies need to be done to fully explore the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety and in silico method can be of great help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, India
| | - Vinayak Bhatia
- ICARE Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute, U.P., Noida, India
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Wang F, Yang F, Xu W. Synthesis and Radioprotective Activity of Mitochondria Targeted Dihydropyridines In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112233. [PMID: 29068391 PMCID: PMC5713203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiation-induced damage to mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain could lead to generating of superoxide anions (O2−) and secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are the major resources of continuous ROS production after radiation. Scavenging radiation-induced ROS effectively can help mitochondria to maintain their physiological function and relief cells from oxidative stress. Dihydropyridines (DHPs) are biomimetic hydrogen sources that could protect cells against radiation damage. In this study, we designed and synthetized three novel mitochondrial-targeted dihydropyridines (Mito-DHPs) that utilize the mitochondrial membrane potential to enter the organelle and scavenge ROS. MitoTracker confirmed Mito-DHPs accumulation in mitochondria, and the DCFH-DA assay demonstrated effective ROS scavenging activity. In addition, the γ-H2AX and comet assay demonstrated the ability of Mito-DHPs to protect against both radiation and ROS-induced DNA strand breaks. Furthermore, Mito-DHP1 proved to be non-toxic and displayed significant radioprotection activity (p < 0.05) in vitro. Mito-DHPs are therefore promising antioxidants that could penetrate the membrane of mitochondria, scavenge excessive ROS, and protect cells against radiation-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Junying Wang
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Statistics, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin 300222, China.
| | - Fujun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
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