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Tomisch J, Busse V, Rosato F, Makshakova ON, Salavei P, Kittel AS, Gillon E, Lataster L, Imberty A, Meléndez AV, Römer W. A Shiga Toxin B-Subunit-Based Lectibody Boosts T Cell Cytotoxicity towards Gb3-Positive Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1896. [PMID: 37508560 PMCID: PMC10378424 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation plays a crucial role in tumour progression and invasiveness. Tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) represent a valuable set of targets for immunotherapeutic approaches. The poor immunogenicity of glycan structures, however, requires a more effective and well-directed way of targeting TACAs on the surface of cancer cells than antibodies. The glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) is a well-established TACA present in a multitude of cancer types. Its overexpression has been linked to metastasis, invasiveness, and multidrug resistance. In the present study, we propose to use a dimeric fragment of the Shiga toxin B-subunit (StxB) to selectively target Gb3-positive cancer cells in a StxB-scFv UCHT1 lectibody. The lectibody, comprised of a lectin and the UCHT1 antibody fragment, was produced in E. coli and purified via Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Specificity of the lectibody towards Gb3-positive cancer cell lines and specificity towards the CD3 receptor on T cells, was assessed using flow cytometry. We evaluated the efficacy of the lectibody in redirecting T cell cytotoxicity towards Gb3-overexpressing cancer cells in luciferase-based cytotoxicity in vitro assays. The StxB-scFv UCHT1 lectibody has proven specific for Gb3 and could induce the killing of up to 80% of Gb3-overexpressing cancer cells in haemorrhagic and solid tumours. The lectibody developed in this study, therefore, highlights the potential that lectibodies and lectins in general have for usage in immunotherapeutic approaches to boost the efficacy of established cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tomisch
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Busse
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Rosato
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga N Makshakova
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Kazan Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Pavel Salavei
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Core Facility Signalling Factory & Robotics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophia Kittel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emilie Gillon
- CNRS, CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Levin Lataster
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- CNRS, CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ana Valeria Meléndez
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Czajka TF, Vance DJ, Davis S, Rudolph MJ, Mantis NJ. Single-domain antibodies neutralize ricin toxin intracellularly by blocking access to ribosomal P-stalk proteins. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101742. [PMID: 35182523 PMCID: PMC8941211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During ricin intoxication in mammalian cells, ricin's enzymatic (RTA) and binding (RTB) subunits disassociate in the endoplasmic reticulum. RTA is then translocated into the cytoplasm where, by virtue of its ability to depurinate a conserved residue within the sarcin-ricin loop (SRL) of 28S rRNA, it functions as a ribosome-inactivating protein. It has been proposed that recruitment of RTA to the SRL is facilitated by ribosomal P-stalk proteins, whose C-terminal domains interact with a cavity on RTA normally masked by RTB; however, evidence that this interaction is critical for RTA activity within cells is lacking. Here, we characterized a collection of single-domain antibodies (VHHs) whose epitopes overlap with the P-stalk binding pocket on RTA. The crystal structures of three such VHHs (V9E1, V9F9, and V9B2) in complex with RTA revealed not only occlusion of the ribosomal P-stalk binding pocket but also structural mimicry of C-terminal domain peptides by complementarity-determining region 3. In vitro assays confirmed that these VHHs block RTA-P-stalk peptide interactions and protect ribosomes from depurination. Moreover, when expressed as "intrabodies," these VHHs rendered cells resistant to ricin intoxication. One VHH (V9F6), whose epitope was structurally determined to be immediately adjacent to the P-stalk binding pocket, was unable to neutralize ricin within cells or protect ribosomes from RTA in vitro. These findings are consistent with the recruitment of RTA to the SRL by ribosomal P-stalk proteins as a requisite event in ricin-induced ribosome inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Czajka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - David J Vance
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Simon Davis
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
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3
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Morrison MS, Wang T, Raguram A, Hemez C, Liu DR. Disulfide-compatible phage-assisted continuous evolution in the periplasmic space. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5959. [PMID: 34645844 PMCID: PMC8514426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The directed evolution of antibodies has yielded important research tools and human therapeutics. The dependence of many antibodies on disulfide bonds for stability has limited the application of continuous evolution technologies to antibodies and other disulfide-containing proteins. Here we describe periplasmic phage-assisted continuous evolution (pPACE), a system for continuous evolution of protein-protein interactions in the disulfide-compatible environment of the E. coli periplasm. We first apply pPACE to rapidly evolve novel noncovalent and covalent interactions between subunits of homodimeric YibK protein and to correct a binding-defective mutant of the anti-GCN4 Ω-graft antibody. We develop an intein-mediated system to select for soluble periplasmic expression in pPACE, leading to an eight-fold increase in soluble expression of the Ω-graft antibody. Finally, we evolve disulfide-containing trastuzumab antibody variants with improved binding to a Her2-like peptide and improved soluble expression. Together, these results demonstrate that pPACE can rapidly optimize proteins containing disulfide bonds, broadening the applicability of continuous evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Morrison
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Health Care, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Tina Wang
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Health Care, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Aditya Raguram
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Health Care, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Colin Hemez
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Health Care, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Health Care, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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4
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Behring S, Hänsch R, Helmsing S, Schirrmann T, Schubert M. Screening for scFv-fragments that are stable and active in the cytosol. Hum Antibodies 2020; 28:149-157. [PMID: 32116242 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intrabodies are antibodies that are not secreted but bind to their antigens inside the cell producing them. Intrabodies targeting antigens in the endoplasmatic reticulum were successfully used in vitro and in vivo. However, many target antigens interesting for research or therapy are located in the reducing environment of the cytosol, where correct folding and formation of disulfide bonds cannot be ensured. The majority of different scFv fragments, when expressed in the cytosol of the cell, do not fold correctly, are not stable or cannot bind their antigen. Such scFv antibodies are therefore not suited as intrabodies.In this study, we evaluated fast and simple screening methods to identify scFv fragments that are stable and functional in the cytosol. We analyzed various phage display derived human scFv antibodies recognizing extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (Erk2) for stability and antigen binding under reducing and non-reducing conditions. Further, we developed an assay allowing to measure the interaction of the scFv intrabodies with their antigen in the cytosol of in living cells, by using a Split-Luciferase (Split-Luc) assay. ScFv fragments showing antigen binding in the cytosol could successfully be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Behring
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Braunschweig, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Plant Biology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Saskia Helmsing
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schirrmann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Braunschweig, Germany
- Yumab GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Schubert
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Wang T, Badran AH, Huang TP, Liu DR. Continuous directed evolution of proteins with improved soluble expression. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:972-980. [PMID: 30127387 PMCID: PMC6143403 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of soluble expression phage-assisted continuous evolution (SE-PACE), a system for rapidly evolving proteins with increased soluble expression. Through use of a PACE-compatible AND gate that uses a split-intein pIII, SE-PACE enables two simultaneous positive selections to evolve proteins with improved expression while maintaining their desired activities. In as little as three days, SE-PACE evolved several antibody fragments with >5-fold improvement in expression yield while retaining binding activity. We also developed an activity-independent form of SE-PACE to correct folding-defective variants of maltose-binding protein (MBP) and to evolve variants of the eukaryotic cytidine deaminase APOBEC1 with improved expression properties. These evolved APOBEC1 variants were found to improve the expression and apparent activity of Cas9-derived base editors when used in place of the wild-type cytidine deaminase. Together, these results suggest that SE-PACE can be applied to a wide variety of proteins to rapidly improve their soluble expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Wang
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed H Badran
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tony P Huang
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Lloyd SB, Niven KP, Kiefel BR, Montefiori DC, Reynaldi A, Davenport MP, Kent SJ, Winnall WR. Exploration of broadly neutralizing antibody fragments produced in bacteria for the control of HIV. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2726-2737. [PMID: 28949787 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1368935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are a promising preventative and therapeutic tool for HIV infection, production is difficult and expensive. Production of antibody-like fragments in bacterial cytoplasm provides a cheaper alternative. This work explored the transplantation of the complementarity determining regions of the anti-HIV bnAbs PGT121 and 10E8 onto a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) scaffold, previously discovered through a novel screening platform. The scaffolded 10E8 scFv, but not the scaffolded PGT121 scFv, was soluble in bacterial cytoplasm, enabling efficient production in bacteria. Three additional multimeric constructs employing the scaffolded 10E8 scFv were also generated and soluble versions produced in bacteria. However, the constructs were found to have substantially lost anti-HIV binding function and had completely abrogated neutralizing activity. Overall, while this study provides a proof-of-concept for anti-HIV bnAb construct production in bacterial cytoplasm, future refinement of these technologies will be required to realize the goal of producing inexpensive and effective bnAb-like tools for the control of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Lloyd
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Victoria , Australia
| | - Keith P Niven
- b Affinity BIO Pty Ltd. , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - Ben R Kiefel
- b Affinity BIO Pty Ltd. , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - David C Montefiori
- c Department of Medicine , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- d Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity , University of New South Wales Australia , Sydney , Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- d Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity , University of New South Wales Australia , Sydney , Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Victoria , Australia.,e Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,f ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Wendy R Winnall
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Victoria , Australia
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7
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Development of high-affinity single chain Fv against foot-and-mouth disease virus. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 84:50-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Pleckaityte M, Bremer CM, Seiz PL, Zilnyte M, Bulavaite A, Mickiene G, Zvirblis G, Sasnauskas K, Glebe D, Zvirbliene A. New broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Virus Res 2016; 211:209-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Challenges to production of antibodies in bacteria and yeast. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Pleckaityte M, Bremer CM, Gedvilaite A, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Glebe D, Zvirbliene A. Construction of polyomavirus-derived pseudotype virus-like particles displaying a functionally active neutralizing antibody against hepatitis B virus surface antigen. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:85. [PMID: 26370129 PMCID: PMC4570255 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be efficiently produced by heterologous expression of viral structural proteins in yeast. Due to their repetitive structure, VLPs are extensively used for protein engineering and generation of chimeric VLPs with inserted foreign epitopes. Hamster polyomavirus VP1 represents a promising epitope carrier. However, insertion of large sized protein sequences may interfere with its self-assembly competence. The co-expression of polyomavirus capsid protein VP1 with minor capsid protein VP2 or its fusion protein may result in pseudotype VLPs where an intact VP1 protein mediates VLP formation. In the current study, the capacity of VP1 protein to self-assemble to VLPs and interact with the modified VP2 protein has been exploited to generate pseudotype VLPs displaying large-sized antibody molecules. Results Polyomavirus-derived pseudotype VLPs harbouring a surface-exposed functionally active neutralizing antibody specific to hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) have been generated. The pseudotype VLPs consisting of an intact hamster polyomavirus (HaPyV) major capsid protein VP1 and minor capsid protein VP2 fused with the anti-HBsAg molecule were efficiently produced in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and purified by density-gradient centrifugation. Formation of VLPs was confirmed by electron microscopy. Two types of pseudotype VLPs were generated harbouring either the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) or Fc-engineered scFv on the VLP surface. The antigen-binding activity of the purified pseudotype VLPs was evaluated by ELISA and virus-neutralization assay on HBV-susceptible primary hepatocytes from Tupaia belangeri. Both types of the pseudotype VLPs were functionally active and showed a potent HBV-neutralizing activity comparable to that of the parental monoclonal antibody. The VP2-fused scFv molecules were incorporated into the VLPs with higher efficiency as compared to the VP2-fused Fc-scFv. However, the pseudotype VLPs with displayed VP2-fused Fc-scFv molecule showed higher antigen-binding activity and HBV-neutralizing capacity that might be explained by a better accessibility of the Fc-engineered scFv of the VLP surface. Conclusions Polyomavirus-derived pseudotype VLPs harbouring multiple functionally active antibody molecules with virus-neutralizing capability may represent a novel platform for developing therapeutic tools with a potential application for post-exposure or therapeutic treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Pleckaityte
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Graciuno 8, LT-02241, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Corinna M Bremer
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis B and D Viruses, German Centre for Infection Research, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Alma Gedvilaite
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Graciuno 8, LT-02241, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Graciuno 8, LT-02241, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Dieter Glebe
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis B and D Viruses, German Centre for Infection Research, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Graciuno 8, LT-02241, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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11
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Engineering therapeutic proteins for cell entry: the natural approach. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:163-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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12
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Hagihara Y, Saerens D. Engineering disulfide bonds within an antibody. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:2016-2023. [PMID: 25038323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies have evolved to function in oxidative, extracellular environments. A pair of cysteines in close proximity will oxidatively react to form a disulfide bond that fixes and stabilizes the tertiary structure of a protein. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) includes several disulfide bonds, and the patterns of inter-chain disulfide bonds characterize different IgG sub-classes. Moreover, the Ig-fold domains are characterized by a buried intra-domain disulfide bond, which is important for its structural stability. However, the intra-domain disulfide bond can be replaced without crucial effects on the structure and function, if the domain structure is intrinsically stable or has been stabilized by protein engineering. In previous studies, disulfide bonds were removed by amino-acid substitution indicating that Val and/or Ala (i.e. Ala-Ala, Ala-Val, Val-Ala, and Val-Ala) pairs were preferred for cysteine replacement in the Ig-fold domain. As such, these mutations may be useful for the intracellular use of antibodies. Recently, additional intra-domain disulfide bonds have been shown to stabilize Ig-fold domains and whole IgGs. In heavy chain variable or light chain variable domains, the introduction of additional disulfide bonds into the framework region did not reduce antigen-binding affinity, suggesting that generating disulfide bonds may be a method for stabilizing IgG and antibody fragments, such as the antigen-binding fragment, and single-chain and single-domain antibodies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent advances in molecular engineering of antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Hagihara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Dirk Saerens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Research Group Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Faulin TDES, Guilherme DF, Silva AS, Abdalla DSP, Hering VR, Politi MJ, Maranhão AQ. GFP-SCFV: expression and possible applications as a tool for experimental investigations of atherosclerosis. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:1206-13. [PMID: 24911875 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies on atherosclerosis are crucial for investigating its pathophysiology, defining new therapeutic targets, and developing new drugs and diagnostic tools. Thus, many imaging markers have been developed and introduced in experimental studies. The main advantage of these new tools is that they allow the noninvasive diagnosis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Here, we describe the cloning, expression, purification, and stabilization of a chimeric protein specifically designed to probe cells and tissues for the presence of LDL(-), a relevant marker of atherosclerosis. The DNA sequence that encodes the anti-LDL(-) scFv, previously obtained from a hybridoma secreting an anti-LDL(-) monoclonal antibody, was inserted into the bacterial vector pET-28a(+) in tandem with a DNA sequence encoding GFP. The recombinant protein was expressed in high yields in E. coli as inclusion bodies. The applicability of GFP-scFv was assessed by ELISA, which determined its affinity for LDL(-) and confocal microscopy, that showed macrophage uptake of the protein along with LDL(-). In conclusion, our data suggest that the anti-LDL(-) GFP-scFv chimeric protein could be useful in studies on atherogenesis as well as for developing diagnostic tools for atherosclerosis.
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14
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Bodelón G, Palomino C, Fernández LÁ. Immunoglobulin domains inEscherichia coliand other enterobacteria: from pathogenesis to applications in antibody technologies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:204-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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15
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Sun W, Xie J, Lin H, Mi S, Li Z, Hua F, Hu Z. A combined strategy improves the solubility of aggregation-prone single-chain variable fragment antibodies. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 83:21-9. [PMID: 22387083 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies have wide applications in the areas of biotechnology and medicine. However, there is currently no universal expression-purification system for generating different soluble scFvs. In this study, A15 and E34, two genes coding scFvs against human IL-17A, were fused with N-terminal signal peptide sequences pelB or STII, or with highly hydrophilic tags Trx, NusA, or MBP, respectively. These constructs were expressed in Escherichia coli. We found that the scFvs fused with either NusA or MBP showed a higher solubility than fused with signal peptides or Trx. The scFvs were aggregated when the NusA or MBP was removed by thrombin. Interestingly, we observed a reduction of precipitation when the fusion proteins were expressed in Origami B(DE3)pLysS cells but not in BL21(DE3)pLysS. Because cleaving the tags resulted in the aggregation of scFvs, several solubility-enhancing additives were added in the digestion buffer and only L-arginine (Arg) or Tween20 promoted the solubility. After an affinity chromatography, the scFvs were separated from the tags with the purity up to 90%. The final yield of scFvs from the scFv-MBP system was approximately 8.9 mg/L of culture medium and 1.5 mg/g of wet weight cells, which was 1.6-fold higher than the yield from the scFv-NusA system. The obtained scFvs exhibited normal binding affinities and activities after endotoxin removal. In conclusion, we describe a strategy combining the fusion tags, the Escherichia coli with oxidizing bacterial cytoplasm, and the solubility-enhancing additives for expressing and purifying the soluble and functional scFvs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Löfblom J. Bacterial display in combinatorial protein engineering. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:1115-29. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Makino T, Skretas G, Georgiou G. Strain engineering for improved expression of recombinant proteins in bacteria. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:32. [PMID: 21569582 PMCID: PMC3120638 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein expression in Escherichia coli represents the most facile approach for the preparation of non-glycosylated proteins for analytical and preparative purposes. So far, the optimization of recombinant expression has largely remained a matter of trial and error and has relied upon varying parameters, such as expression vector, media composition, growth temperature and chaperone co-expression. Recently several new approaches for the genome-scale engineering of E. coli to enhance recombinant protein expression have been developed. These methodologies now enable the generation of optimized E. coli expression strains in a manner analogous to metabolic engineering for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight compounds. In this review, we provide an overview of strain engineering approaches useful for enhancing the expression of hard-to-produce proteins, including heterologous membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Makino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA
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Jeong KJ, Jang SH, Velmurugan N. Recombinant antibodies: engineering and production in yeast and bacterial hosts. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:16-27. [PMID: 21170983 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
After the appearance of the first FDA-approved antibody 25 years ago, antibodies have become major therapeutic agents in the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases, and the use of antibodies as therapeutic/diagnostic agents is expected to increase in the future. So far, a variety of strategies have been devised for engineering of these fascinating molecules to develop superior properties and functions. Recent progress in systems biology has provided more information about the structures and cellular networks of antibodies, and, in addition, recent development of biotechnology tools, particularly in regard to high-throughput screening, has made it possible to perform more intensive engineering on these substances. Based on a sound understanding and new technologies, antibodies are now being developed as more powerful drugs. In this review, we highlight the recent, significant progress that has been made in antibody engineering, with a particular focus on Fc engineering and glycoengineering for improved functions, and cellular engineering for enhanced production of antibodies in yeast and bacterial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.
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19
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Single-chain Fv fragment antibodies selected from an intrabody library as effective mono- or bivalent reagents for in vitro protein detection. J Immunol Methods 2011; 369:42-50. [PMID: 21501618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In spite of their many potential applications, recombinant antibody molecules selected by phage display are rarely available commercially, one reason being the absence of robust bacterial expression systems that yield sufficient quantities of reagents for routine applications. We previously described the construction and validation of an intrabody library that allows the selection of single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments solubly expressed in the cytoplasm. Here, we show that it is possible to obtain monomeric scFvs binding specifically to human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and cellular gankyrin oncoproteins in quantities higher than 0.5 g/L of shake-flask culture in E. coli cytoplasm after auto-induction. In addition, stable bivalent scFvs of increased avidity were produced by tagging the scFvs with the dimeric glutathione-S-transferase enzyme (GST). These minibody-like molecules were further engineered by fusion with green fluorescent protein (GFPuv), leading to high yield of functional bivalent fluorescent antibody fragments. Our results demonstrate that scFvs selected from an intrabody library can be engineered into cost-effective bivalent reagents suitable for many biomedical and industrial applications.
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20
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Riaño-Umbarila L, Contreras-Ferrat G, Olamendi-Portugal T, Morelos-Juárez C, Corzo G, Possani LD, Becerril B. Exploiting cross-reactivity to neutralize two different scorpion venoms with one single chain antibody fragment. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:6143-51. [PMID: 21156801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.189175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the optimization of a family of human single chain antibody fragments (scFv) for neutralizing two scorpion venoms. The parental scFv 3F recognizes the main toxins of Centruroides noxius Hoffmann (Cn2) and Centruroides suffusus suffusus (Css2), albeit with low affinity. This scFv was subjected to independent processes of directed evolution to improve its recognition toward Cn2 (Riaño-Umbarila, L., Juárez-González, V. R., Olamendi-Portugal, T., Ortíz-León, M., Possani, L. D., and Becerril, B. (2005) FEBS J. 272, 2591-2601) and Css2 (this work). Each evolved variant showed strong cross-reactivity against several toxins, and was capable of neutralizing Cn2 and Css2. Furthermore, each variant neutralized the whole venoms of the above species. As far as we know, this is the first report of antibodies with such characteristics. Maturation processes revealed key residue changes to attain expression, stability, and affinity improvements as compared with the parental scFv. Combination of these changes resulted in the scFv LR, which is capable of rescuing mice from severe envenomation by 3 LD(50) of freshly prepared whole venom of C. noxius (7.5 μg/20 g of mouse) and C. suffusus (26.25 μg/20 g of mouse), with surviving rates between 90 and 100%. Our research is leading to the formulation of an antivenom consisting of a discrete number of human scFvs endowed with strong cross-reactivity and low immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Riaño-Umbarila
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
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de Groot NS, Ventura S. Protein aggregation profile of the bacterial cytosol. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9383. [PMID: 20195530 PMCID: PMC2828471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein misfolding is usually deleterious for the cell, either as a consequence of the loss of protein function or the buildup of insoluble and toxic aggregates. The aggregation behavior of a given polypeptide is strongly influenced by the intrinsic properties encoded in its sequence. This has allowed the development of effective computational methods to predict protein aggregation propensity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we use the AGGRESCAN algorithm to approximate the aggregation profile of an experimental cytosolic Escherichia coli proteome. The analysis indicates that the aggregation propensity of bacterial proteins is associated with their length, conformation, location, function, and abundance. The data are consistent with the predictions of other algorithms on different theoretical proteomes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Overall, the study suggests that the avoidance of protein aggregation in functional environments acts as a strong evolutionary constraint on polypeptide sequences in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. de Groot
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Bossi S, Ferranti B, Martinelli C, Capasso P, de Marco A. Antibody-mediated purification of co-expressed antigen-antibody complexes. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 72:55-8. [PMID: 20060475 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunoaffinity is an established chromatographic method for isolating macromolecules independently on the presence of specific tags while the tight interaction between antigen and antibody has been exploited to stabilize proteins during crystallization trials. Therefore, it seems reasonable to try to combine the two protocols, namely to co-express the target proteins together with their specific antibodies to obtain stable complexes suitable for direct purification and further analyses. Using the variable region of single domain llama antibodies, we showed that the co-expression of antigen-antibody pairs is feasible in both the periplasm and the cytoplasm of bacteria. Moreover, the complexes that were formed in vivo could be purified using a tag fused to the recombinant antibody and remained stable during gel-filtration. The co-expression and co-purification strategy significantly increased the final protein yields promoting the accumulation of functional intrabodies. The described method may offer a suitable alternative for the purification of proteins intended for crystallization trials and it may also be used as a general purification protocol for both antigens and recombinant antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bossi
- Protein Chemistry Unit, Cogentech - IFOM-IEO Campus for Oncogenomics, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
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