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Al-Ansari M, Fitzsimons T, Wei W, Goldberg MW, Kunieda T, Quinlan RA. The major inducible small heat shock protein HSP20-3 in the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus forms filament-like structures and is an active chaperone. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:51-65. [PMID: 38330543 PMCID: PMC10939073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus has remarkable resilience to a range of environmental stresses. In this study, we have characterised two members of the small heat shock protein (sHSP) family in R. varieornatus, HSP20-3 and HSP20-6. These are the most highly upregulated sHSPs in response to a 24 h heat shock at 35 0C of adult tardigrades with HSP20-3 being one of the most highly upregulated gene in the whole transcriptome. Both R. varieornatus sHSPs and the human sHSP, CRYAB (HSPB5), were produced recombinantly for comparative structure-function studies. HSP20-3 exhibited a superior chaperone activity than human CRYAB in a heat-induced protein aggregation assay. Both tardigrade sHSPs also formed larger oligomers than CRYAB as assessed by size exclusion chromatography and transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained samples. Whilst both HSP20-3 and HSP20-6 formed particles that were variable in size and larger than the particles formed by CRYAB, only HSP20-3 formed filament-like structures. The particles and filament-like structures formed by HSP20-3 appear inter-related as the filament-like structures often had particles located at their ends. Sequence analyses identified two unique features; an insertion in the middle region of the N-terminal domain (NTD) and preceding the critical-sequence identified in CRYAB, as well as a repeated QNTN-motif located in the C-terminal domain of HSP20-3. The NTD insertion is expected to affect protein-protein interactions and subunit oligomerisation. Removal of the repeated QNTN-motif abolished HSP20-3 chaperone activity and also affected the assembly of the filament-like structures. We discuss the potential contribution of HSP20-3 to protein condensate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Taylor Fitzsimons
- Department of Biosciences, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Department of Biosciences, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Martin W Goldberg
- Department of Biosciences, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Lao S, Xiong S, Fang Q, Ye G. Identification and functional analysis of αB-crystallins in Pteromalus puparum. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1214835. [PMID: 37520833 PMCID: PMC10382227 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1214835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins, including αB-crystallins (CRYAB), are pivotal in cellular defense mechanisms and stress response. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of heat shock proteins (HSPs), with a specific focus on the CRYAB family, within the genome of Pteromalus puparum. The analysis encompasses the identification of these proteins, exploration of their phylogenetic relationships, examination of conserved domains, and evaluation of their response to high temperature conditions. A total of 46 HSPs were identified in the P. puparum genome, and the differential expression of mRNA at 35°C and 25°C drew attention to five genes belonging to the CRYAB family, namely, PpCRYAB-1 to PpCRYAB-5. The conservation level of CRYAB family genes across different species was observed to be relatively modest. Through genome-wide screening of 22 species representing six insect orders, a total of 235 CRYAB proteins were identified, with P. puparum harboring eight CRYAB proteins, indicative of a moderate abundance compared to other species. Intriguingly, evolutionary analysis highlighted PpCRYAB-4 with potentially intricate differentiation in comparison to other members of the CRYAB family. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) results demonstrated significant regulatory effects on adult lifespan under heat stress at 35°C for PpCRYAB-4 and PpCRYAB-5. These findings lay a groundwork for future investigations into stress resistance mechanisms in parasitic wasps, providing fresh insights for the study of insect resilience amidst the backdrop of global climate change.
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Massaquoi MS, Kong GL, Chilin-Fuentes D, Ngo JS, Horve PF, Melancon E, Hamilton MK, Eisen JS, Guillemin K. Cell-type-specific responses to the microbiota across all tissues of the larval zebrafish. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112095. [PMID: 36787219 PMCID: PMC10423310 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal development proceeds in the presence of intimate microbial associations, but the extent to which different host cells across the body respond to resident microbes remains to be fully explored. Using the vertebrate model organism, the larval zebrafish, we assessed transcriptional responses to the microbiota across the entire body at single-cell resolution. We find that cell types across the body, not limited to tissues at host-microbe interfaces, respond to the microbiota. Responses are cell-type-specific, but across many tissues the microbiota enhances cell proliferation, increases metabolism, and stimulates a diversity of cellular activities, revealing roles for the microbiota in promoting developmental plasticity. This work provides a resource for exploring transcriptional responses to the microbiota across all cell types of the vertebrate body and generating new hypotheses about the interactions between vertebrate hosts and their microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Massaquoi
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1318 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Thermo Fisher Scientific, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, USA; Thermo Fisher Scientific, 22025 20th Avenue SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Garth L Kong
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1318 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Daisy Chilin-Fuentes
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1318 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Julia S Ngo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1318 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Patrick F Horve
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1318 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Ellie Melancon
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - M Kristina Hamilton
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1318 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Thermo Fisher Scientific, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, USA
| | - Judith S Eisen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1318 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1318 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Humans and the Microbiome Program, CIFAR, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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