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Varotsou C, Ataya F, Papageorgiou AC, Labrou NE. Structural Studies of Klebsiella pneumoniae Fosfomycin-Resistance Protein and Its Application for the Development of an Optical Biosensor for Fosfomycin Determination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:85. [PMID: 38203259 PMCID: PMC10779102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fosfomycin-resistance proteins (FosAs) are dimeric metal-dependent glutathione transferases that conjugate the antibiotic fosfomycin (Fos) to the tripeptide glutathione (γ-Glu-Cys-Gly, GSH), rendering it inactive. In the present study, we reported a comparative analysis of the functional features of two FosAs from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (FosAPA) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (FosAKP). The coding sequences of the enzymes were cloned into a T7 expression vector, and soluble active enzymes were expressed in E. coli. FosAKP displayed higher activity and was selected for further studies. The crystal structure of the dimeric FosAKP was determined via X-ray crystallography at 1.48 Å resolution. Fos and tartrate (Tar) were found bound in the active site of the first and second molecules of the dimer, respectively. The binding of Tar to the active site caused slight rearrangements in the structure and dynamics of the enzyme, acting as a weak inhibitor of Fos binding. Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) was used to measure the thermal stability of FosAKP under different conditions, allowing for the selection of a suitable buffer to maximize enzyme operational stability. FosAKP displays absolute specificity towards Fos; therefore, this enzyme was exploited for the development of an enzyme-based colorimetric biosensor. FosAKP was tethered at the bottom of a plastic cuvette using glutaraldehyde chemistry to develop a simple colorimetric method for the determination of Fos in drinking water and animal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Varotsou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Farid Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Nikolaos E. Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
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Chiasson S, Smith T, Bello L, Chandrika NT, Green KD, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Thompson MK. Small molecule inhibitors of the fosfomycin resistance enzyme FosM from Mycobacterium abscessus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130444. [PMID: 37579984 PMCID: PMC10727124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Fosfomycin is a safe broad-spectrum antibiotic that has not achieved widespread use because of the emergence of fosfomycin-modifying enzymes. Inhibition of fosfomycin-modifying enzymes could be used to help combat pathogens like Mycobacterium abscessus. Our previous work identified several inhibitors for the enzyme FosB from Staphylococcus aureus. We have tested those same compounds for inhibition of FosM, the fosfomycin-modifying enzyme from M. abscessus. The work described here will be used as the basis for more detailed studies into the inhibition of FosM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Chiasson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 250 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States of America
| | - Tatum Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 250 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States of America
| | - Landon Bello
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 250 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States of America
| | - Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Matthew K Thompson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 250 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States of America.
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Travis S, Green KD, Thamban Chandrika N, Pang AH, Frantom PA, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Thompson MK. Identification and analysis of small molecule inhibitors of FosB from Staphylococcus aureus. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:947-956. [PMID: 37252104 PMCID: PMC10211316 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to human health around the world. Though bacterial pathogens can develop resistance through a variety of mechanisms, one of the most prevalent is the production of antibiotic-modifying enzymes like FosB, a Mn2+-dependent l-cysteine or bacillithiol (BSH) transferase that inactivates the antibiotic fosfomycin. FosB enzymes are found in pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, one of the leading pathogens in deaths associated with AMR. fosB gene knockout experiments establish FosB as an attractive drug target, showing that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fosfomycin is greatly reduced upon removal of the enzyme. Herein, we have identified eight potential inhibitors of the FosB enzyme from S. aureus by applying high-throughput in silico screening of the ZINC15 database with structural similarity to phosphonoformate, a known FosB inhibitor. In addition, we have obtained crystal structures of FosB complexes to each compound. Furthermore, we have kinetically characterized the compounds with respect to inhibition of FosB. Finally, we have performed synergy assays to determine if any of the new compounds lower the MIC of fosfomycin in S. aureus. Our results will inform future studies on inhibitor design for the FosB enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Travis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama Box 870336, 250 Hackberry Lane Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA +(205) 348 8439
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Allan H Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Patrick A Frantom
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama Box 870336, 250 Hackberry Lane Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA +(205) 348 8439
| | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Matthew K Thompson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama Box 870336, 250 Hackberry Lane Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA +(205) 348 8439
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Travis S, Green KD, Gilbert NC, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Thompson MK. Inhibition of Fosfomycin Resistance Protein FosB from Gram-Positive Pathogens by Phosphonoformate. Biochemistry 2023; 62:109-117. [PMID: 36525630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of antimicrobial resistance related deaths worldwide. Like many pathogens with multidrug-resistant strains, S. aureus contains enzymes that confer resistance through antibiotic modification(s). One such enzyme present in S. aureus is FosB, a Mn2+-dependent l-cysteine or bacillithiol (BSH) transferase that inactivates the antibiotic fosfomycin. fosB gene knockout experiments show that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fosfomycin is significantly reduced when the FosB enzyme is not present. This suggests that inhibition of FosB could be an effective method to restore fosfomycin activity. We used high-throughput in silico-based screening to identify small-molecule analogues of fosfomycin that inhibited thiol transferase activity. Phosphonoformate (PPF) was a top hit from our approach. Herein, we have characterized PPF as a competitive inhibitor of FosB from S. aureus (FosBSa) and Bacillus cereus (FosBBc). In addition, we have determined a crystal structure of FosBBc with PPF bound in the active site. Our results will be useful for future structure-based development of FosB inhibitors that can be delivered in combination with fosfomycin in order to increase the efficacy of this antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Travis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 250 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Nathaniel C Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Matthew K Thompson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 250 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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