1
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Salzler HR, Vandadi V, McMichael BD, Brown JC, Boerma SA, Leatham-Jensen MP, Adams KM, Meers MP, Simon JM, Duronio RJ, McKay DJ, Matera AG. Distinct roles for canonical and variant histone H3 lysine-36 in Polycomb silencing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf2451. [PMID: 36857457 PMCID: PMC9977188 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb complexes regulate cell type-specific gene expression programs through heritable silencing of target genes. Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is essential for this process. Perturbation of H3K36 is thought to interfere with H3K27me3. We show that mutants of Drosophila replication-dependent (H3.2K36R) or replication-independent (H3.3K36R) histone H3 genes generally maintain Polycomb silencing and reach later stages of development. In contrast, combined (H3.3K36RH3.2K36R) mutants display widespread Hox gene misexpression and fail to develop past the first larval stage. Chromatin profiling revealed that the H3.2K36R mutation disrupts H3K27me3 levels broadly throughout silenced domains, whereas these regions are mostly unaffected in H3.3K36R animals. Analysis of H3.3 distributions showed that this histone is enriched at presumptive Polycomb response elements located outside of silenced domains but relatively depleted from those inside. We conclude that H3.2 and H3.3 K36 residues collaborate to repress Hox genes using different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmony R. Salzler
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vasudha Vandadi
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin D. McMichael
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John C. Brown
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sally A. Boerma
- Department of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, USA
| | - Mary P. Leatham-Jensen
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kirsten M. Adams
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael P. Meers
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Simon
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert J. Duronio
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J. McKay
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A. Gregory Matera
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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2
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Finogenova K, Bonnet J, Poepsel S, Schäfer IB, Finkl K, Schmid K, Litz C, Strauss M, Benda C, Müller J. Structural basis for PRC2 decoding of active histone methylation marks H3K36me2/3. eLife 2020; 9:e61964. [PMID: 33211010 PMCID: PMC7725500 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repression of genes by Polycomb requires that PRC2 modifies their chromatin by trimethylating lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). At transcriptionally active genes, di- and tri-methylated H3K36 inhibit PRC2. Here, the cryo-EM structure of PRC2 on dinucleosomes reveals how binding of its catalytic subunit EZH2 to nucleosomal DNA orients the H3 N-terminus via an extended network of interactions to place H3K27 into the active site. Unmodified H3K36 occupies a critical position in the EZH2-DNA interface. Mutation of H3K36 to arginine or alanine inhibits H3K27 methylation by PRC2 on nucleosomes in vitro. Accordingly, Drosophila H3K36A and H3K36R mutants show reduced levels of H3K27me3 and defective Polycomb repression of HOX genes. The relay of interactions between EZH2, the nucleosomal DNA and the H3 N-terminus therefore creates the geometry that permits allosteric inhibition of PRC2 by methylated H3K36 in transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Finogenova
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin BiologyMartinsriedGermany
| | - Jacques Bonnet
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin BiologyMartinsriedGermany
| | - Simon Poepsel
- California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bio-Imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
- University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Ingmar B Schäfer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Structural Cell BiologyMartinsriedGermany
| | - Katja Finkl
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin BiologyMartinsriedGermany
| | - Katharina Schmid
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin BiologyMartinsriedGermany
| | - Claudia Litz
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin BiologyMartinsriedGermany
| | - Mike Strauss
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, cryoEM FacilityMartinsriedGermany
| | - Christian Benda
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Structural Cell BiologyMartinsriedGermany
| | - Jürg Müller
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin BiologyMartinsriedGermany
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3
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Lingaraju M, Johnsen D, Schlundt A, Langer LM, Basquin J, Sattler M, Heick Jensen T, Falk S, Conti E. The MTR4 helicase recruits nuclear adaptors of the human RNA exosome using distinct arch-interacting motifs. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3393. [PMID: 31358741 PMCID: PMC6662825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear exosome and its essential co-factor, the RNA helicase MTR4, play crucial roles in several RNA degradation pathways. Besides unwinding RNA substrates for exosome-mediated degradation, MTR4 associates with RNA-binding proteins that function as adaptors in different RNA processing and decay pathways. Here, we identify and characterize the interactions of human MTR4 with a ribosome processing adaptor, NVL, and with ZCCHC8, an adaptor involved in the decay of small nuclear RNAs. We show that the unstructured regions of NVL and ZCCHC8 contain short linear motifs that bind the MTR4 arch domain in a mutually exclusive manner. These short sequences diverged from the arch-interacting motif (AIM) of yeast rRNA processing factors. Our results suggest that nuclear exosome adaptors have evolved canonical and non-canonical AIM sequences to target human MTR4 and demonstrate the versatility and specificity with which the MTR4 arch domain can recruit a repertoire of different RNA-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Lingaraju
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dennis Johnsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Andreas Schlundt
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85747, Garching, Germany.,Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ) at Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Lukas M Langer
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jérôme Basquin
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85747, Garching, Germany.,Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Torben Heick Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Falk
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany. .,Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elena Conti
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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4
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Choi J, Bachmann AL, Tauscher K, Benda C, Fierz B, Müller J. DNA binding by PHF1 prolongs PRC2 residence time on chromatin and thereby promotes H3K27 methylation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:1039-1047. [DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Gatchalian J, Kingsley MC, Moslet SD, Rosas Ospina RD, Kutateladze TG. An aromatic cage is required but not sufficient for binding of Tudor domains of the Polycomblike protein family to H3K36me3. Epigenetics 2015; 10:467-73. [PMID: 25923537 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1042646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomblike (Pcl) proteins are important transcriptional regulators and components of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). The Tudor domains of human homologs PHF1 and PHF19 have been found to recognize trimethylated lysine 36 of histone H3 (H3K36me3); however, the biological role of Tudor domains of other Pcl proteins remains poorly understood. Here, we characterize the molecular basis underlying histone binding activities of the Tudor domains of the Pcl family. In contrast to a predominant view, we found that the methyl lysine-binding aromatic cage is necessary but not sufficient for recognition of H3K36me3 by these Tudor domains and that a hydrophobic patch, adjacent to the aromatic cage, is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovylyn Gatchalian
- a Department of Pharmacology; University of Colorado School of Medicine ; Aurora , CO , USA
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6
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Vizán P, Beringer M, Ballaré C, Di Croce L. Role of PRC2-associated factors in stem cells and disease. FEBS J 2014; 282:1723-35. [PMID: 25271128 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Polycomb group (PcG) of proteins form chromatin-binding complexes with histone-modifying activity. The two main PcG repressive complexes studied (PRC1 and PRC2) are generally associated with chromatin in its repressed state. PRC2 is responsible for methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), an epigenetic mark that is linked with numerous biological processes, including development, adult homeostasis and cancer. The core canonical complex PRC2, which contains the EZH1/2, SUZ12 and EED proteins, may be extended and functionally manipulated through interactions with several other proteins. In this review, we focus on these PRC2-associated proteins. As PRC2 functions are diverse, the variability conferred by these sub-stoichiometrically associated members may help to understand specific changes in PRC2 activity, chromatin recruitment and distribution required for gene repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Vizán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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McElroy KA, Kang H, Kuroda MI. Are we there yet? Initial targeting of the Male-Specific Lethal and Polycomb group chromatin complexes in Drosophila. Open Biol 2014; 4:140006. [PMID: 24671948 PMCID: PMC3971409 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin-binding proteins must navigate the complex nuclear milieu to find their sites of action, and a constellation of protein factors and other properties are likely to influence targeting specificity. Despite considerable progress, the precise rules by which binding specificity is achieved have remained elusive. Here, we consider early targeting events for two groups of chromatin-binding complexes in Drosophila: the Male-Specific Lethal (MSL) and the Polycomb group (PcG) complexes. These two serve as models for understanding targeting, because they have been extensively studied and play vital roles in Drosophila, and their targets have been documented at high resolution. Furthermore, the proteins and biochemical properties of both complexes are largely conserved in multicellular organisms, including humans. While the MSL complex increases gene expression and PcG members repress genes, the two groups share many similarities such as the ability to modify their chromatin environment to create active or repressive domains, respectively. With legacies of in-depth genetic, biochemical and now genomic approaches, the MSL and PcG complexes will continue to provide tractable systems for understanding the recruitment of multiprotein chromatin complexes to their target loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A McElroy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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8
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Schwartz YB, Pirrotta V. A new world of Polycombs: unexpected partnerships and emerging functions. Nat Rev Genet 2013; 14:853-64. [PMID: 24217316 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic repressors that are essential for the transcriptional control of cell differentiation and development. PcG-mediated repression is associated with specific post-translational histone modifications and is thought to involve both biochemical and physical modulation of chromatin structure. Recent advances show that PcG complexes comprise a multiplicity of variants and are far more biochemically diverse than previously thought. The importance of these new PcG complexes for normal development and disease, their targeting mechanisms and their shifting roles in the course of differentiation are now the subject of investigation and the focus of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri B Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Byggnad 6L, Norrlands University Hospital, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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9
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H3K36me3 key to Polycomb-mediated gene silencing in lineage specification. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2013; 19:1214-5. [PMID: 23211767 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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10
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Cai L, Rothbart SB, Lu R, Xu B, Chen WY, Tripathy A, Rockowitz S, Zheng D, Patel DJ, Allis CD, Strahl BD, Song J, Wang GG. An H3K36 methylation-engaging Tudor motif of polycomb-like proteins mediates PRC2 complex targeting. Mol Cell 2012; 49:571-82. [PMID: 23273982 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. However, the mechanisms that underlie PRC2 recruitment and spreading on chromatin remain unclear. Here we report that histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) binding activity is harbored in the Tudor motifs of PRC2-associated polycomb-like (PCL) proteins PHF1/PCL1 and PHF19/PCL3. Ectopically expressed PHF1 induced Tudor-dependent stabilization of PRC2 complexes on bulk chromatin and mediated spreading of PRC2 and H3K27me3 into H3K36me3-containing chromatin regions. In murine pluripotent stem cells, we identified coexistence of H3K36me3, H3K27me3, and PHF19/PCL3 at a subset of poised developmental genes and demonstrated that PHF19/PCL3 Tudor function is required for optimal H3K27me3 and repression of these loci. Collectively, our data suggest that PCL recognition of H3K36me3 promotes intrusion of PRC2 complexes into active chromatin regions to promote gene silencing and modulate the chromatin landscape during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cai
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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11
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Molecular basis for H3K36me3 recognition by the Tudor domain of PHF1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2012; 19:1266-72. [PMID: 23142980 PMCID: PMC3603146 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The PHD finger protein 1 (PHF1) is essential in epigenetic regulation and genome maintenance. Here we show that the Tudor domain of human PHF1 binds to histone H3 trimethylated at Lys36 (H3K36me3). We report a 1.9-Å resolution crystal structure of the Tudor domain in complex with H3K36me3 and describe the molecular mechanism of H3K36me3 recognition using NMR. Binding of PHF1 to H3K36me3 inhibits the ability of the Polycomb PRC2 complex to methylate Lys27 of histone H3 in vitro and in vivo. Laser microirradiation data show that PHF1 is transiently recruited to DNA double-strand breaks, and PHF1 mutants impaired in the H3K36me3 interaction exhibit reduced retention at double-strand break sites. Together, our findings suggest that PHF1 can mediate deposition of the repressive H3K27me3 mark and acts as a cofactor in early DNA-damage response.
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12
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Ballaré C, Lange M, Lapinaite A, Martin GM, Morey L, Pascual G, Liefke R, Simon B, Shi Y, Gozani O, Carlomagno T, Benitah SA, Di Croce L. Phf19 links methylated Lys36 of histone H3 to regulation of Polycomb activity. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2012; 19:1257-65. [PMID: 23104054 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb-group proteins are transcriptional repressors with essential roles in embryonic development. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) contains the methyltransferase activity for Lys27. However, the role of other histone modifications in regulating PRC2 activity is just beginning to be understood. Here we show that direct recognition of methylated histone H3 Lys36 (H3K36me), a mark associated with activation, by the PRC2 subunit Phf19 is required for the full enzymatic activity of the PRC2 complex. Using NMR spectroscopy, we provide structural evidence for this interaction. Furthermore, we show that Phf19 binds to a subset of PRC2 targets in mouse embryonic stem cells and that this is required for their repression and for H3K27me3 deposition. These findings show that the interaction of Phf19 with H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 is essential for PRC2 complex activity and for proper regulation of gene repression in embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ballaré
- Department of Gene Regulation and Stem Cells, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Callebaut I, Mornon JP. The PWAPA cassette: Intimate association of a PHD-like finger and a winged-helix domain in proteins included in histone-modifying complexes. Biochimie 2012; 94:2006-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Hunkapiller J, Shen Y, Diaz A, Cagney G, McCleary D, Ramalho-Santos M, Krogan N, Ren B, Song JS, Reiter JF. Polycomb-like 3 promotes polycomb repressive complex 2 binding to CpG islands and embryonic stem cell self-renewal. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002576. [PMID: 22438827 PMCID: PMC3305387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) trimethylates lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) to regulate gene expression during diverse biological transitions in development, embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation, and cancer. Here, we show that Polycomb-like 3 (Pcl3) is a component of PRC2 that promotes ESC self-renewal. Using mass spectrometry, we identified Pcl3 as a Suz12 binding partner and confirmed Pcl3 interactions with core PRC2 components by co-immunoprecipitation. Knockdown of Pcl3 in ESCs increases spontaneous differentiation, yet does not affect early differentiation decisions as assessed in teratomas and embryoid bodies, indicating that Pcl3 has a specific role in regulating ESC self-renewal. Consistent with Pcl3 promoting PRC2 function, decreasing Pcl3 levels reduces H3K27me3 levels while overexpressing Pcl3 increases H3K27me3 levels. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq) reveal that Pcl3 co-localizes with PRC2 core component, Suz12, and depletion of Pcl3 decreases Suz12 binding at over 60% of PRC2 targets. Mutation of conserved residues within the Pcl3 Tudor domain, a domain implicated in recognizing methylated histones, compromises H3K27me3 formation, suggesting that the Tudor domain of Pcl3 is essential for function. We also show that Pcl3 and its paralog, Pcl2, exist in different PRC2 complexes but bind many of the same PRC2 targets, particularly CpG islands regulated by Pcl3. Thus, Pcl3 is a component of PRC2 critical for ESC self-renewal, histone methylation, and recruitment of PRC2 to a subset of its genomic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hunkapiller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yin Shen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Aaron Diaz
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gerard Cagney
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David McCleary
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Miguel Ramalho-Santos
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nevan Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jun S. Song
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSS); (JFR)
| | - Jeremy F. Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSS); (JFR)
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15
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Boulay G, Dubuissez M, Van Rechem C, Forget A, Helin K, Ayrault O, Leprince D. Hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1) recruits polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to a subset of its target genes through interaction with human polycomb-like (hPCL) proteins. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10509-10524. [PMID: 22315224 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.320234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HIC1 (hypermethylated in cancer 1) is a tumor suppressor gene epigenetically silenced or deleted in many human cancers. HIC1 is involved in regulatory loops modulating p53- and E2F1-dependent cell survival, growth control, and stress responses. HIC1 is also essential for normal development because Hic1-deficient mice die perinatally and exhibit gross developmental defects throughout the second half of development. HIC1 encodes a transcriptional repressor with five C(2)H(2) zinc fingers mediating sequence-specific DNA binding and two repression domains: an N-terminal BTB/POZ domain and a central region recruiting CtBP and NuRD complexes. By yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified the Polycomb-like protein hPCL3 as a novel co-repressor for HIC1. Using multiple biochemical strategies, we demonstrated that HIC1 interacts with hPCL3 and its paralog PHF1 to form a stable complex with the PRC2 members EZH2, EED, and Suz12. Confirming the implication of HIC1 in Polycomb recruitment, we showed that HIC1 shares some of its target genes with PRC2, including ATOH1. Depletion of HIC1 by siRNA interference leads to a partial displacement of EZH2 from the ATOH1 promoter. Furthermore, in vivo, ATOH1 repression by HIC1 is associated with Polycomb activity during mouse cerebellar development. Thus, our results identify HIC1 as the first transcription factor in mammals able to recruit PRC2 to some target promoters through its interaction with Polycomb-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaylor Boulay
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille 59021, France
| | - Marion Dubuissez
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille 59021, France
| | - Capucine Van Rechem
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille 59021, France
| | - Antoine Forget
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3306, INSERM U1005, Centre Universitaire, Orsay 91405, France, and
| | - Kristian Helin
- BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes vej, 5, Dk-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3306, INSERM U1005, Centre Universitaire, Orsay 91405, France, and
| | - Dominique Leprince
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille 59021, France,.
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Functional characterization of human Polycomb-like 3 isoforms identifies them as components of distinct EZH2 protein complexes. Biochem J 2011; 434:333-42. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PcG (Polycomb group) proteins are conserved transcriptional repressors essential to regulate cell fate and to maintain epigenetic cellular memory. They work in concert through two main families of chromatin-modifying complexes, PRC1 (Polycomb repressive complex 1) and PRC2–4. In Drosophila, PRC2 contains the H3K27 histone methyltransferase E(Z) whose trimethylation activity towards PcG target genes is stimulated by PCL (Polycomb-like). In the present study, we have examined hPCL3, one of its three human paralogues. Through alternative splicing, hPCL3 encodes a long isoform, hPCL3L, containing an N-terminal TUDOR domain and two PHDs (plant homeodomains) and a smaller isoform, hPCL3S, lacking the second PHD finger (PHD2). By quantitative reverse transcription–PCR analyses, we showed that both isoforms are widely co-expressed at high levels in medulloblastoma. By co-immunoprecipitation analyses, we demonstrated that both isoforms interact with EZH2 through their common TUDOR domain. However, the hPCL3L-specific PHD2 domain, which is better conserved than PHD1 in the PCL family, is also involved in this interaction and implicated in the self-association of hPCL3L. Finally, we have demonstrated that both hPCL3 isoforms are physically associated with EZH2, but in different complexes. Our results provide the first evidence that the two hPCL3 isoforms belong to different complexes and raise important questions about their relative functions, particularly in tumorigenesis.
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