1
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Poghosyan AH, Shahinyan AA, Kirakosyan GR, Ayvazyan NM, Mamasakhlisov YS, Papoian GA. A molecular dynamics study of protein denaturation induced by sulfonate-based surfactants. J Mol Model 2021; 27:261. [PMID: 34432183 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microsecond timescale explicit-solvent atomistic simulations were carried out to investigate how anionic surfactants modulate protein structure and dynamics. We found that lysozyme undergoes near-complete denaturation at the high concentration (> 0.1 M) of sodium pentadecyl sulfonate (SPDS), while only partial denaturation occurs at the concentration slightly below 0.1 M. In large part, protein denaturation is structurally manifested by disappearance of helical segments and loss of tertiary interactions. The computational prediction of the extent of burial of cysteine residues was experimentally validated by measuring the accessibility of the respective sulfhydryl groups. Overall, our work indicates an interesting synergy between electrostatic and hydrophobic contributions to lysozyme's denaturation process by anionic surfactants. In fact, first disulfide bridges and hydrogen bonds from protein surface to SPDS head groups loosen the protein globule followed by fuller denaturation via insertion of the surfactant's hydrophobic tails into the protein core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen H Poghosyan
- The International Scientific-Educational Center of NAS RA, M. Baghramyan 24d, 0019, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Aram A Shahinyan
- The International Scientific-Educational Center of NAS RA, M. Baghramyan 24d, 0019, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gayane R Kirakosyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology of NAS RA, Orbely str. 22, 0019, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Naira M Ayvazyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology of NAS RA, Orbely str. 22, 0019, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Garegin A Papoian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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2
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Kato A, Ohashi H. Quick Refolding of High-Concentration Proteins via Microchannel Dialysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Kato
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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3
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Prion protein quantification in human cerebrospinal fluid as a tool for prion disease drug development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7793-7798. [PMID: 30936307 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901947116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of native prion protein (PrP) levels in the brain is an attractive strategy for the treatment or prevention of human prion disease. Clinical development of any PrP-reducing therapeutic will require an appropriate pharmacodynamic biomarker: a practical and robust method for quantifying PrP, and reliably demonstrating its reduction in the central nervous system (CNS) of a living patient. Here we evaluate the potential of ELISA-based quantification of human PrP in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to serve as a biomarker for PrP-reducing therapeutics. We show that CSF PrP is highly sensitive to plastic adsorption during handling and storage, but its loss can be minimized by the addition of detergent. We find that blood contamination does not affect CSF PrP levels, and that CSF PrP and hemoglobin are uncorrelated, together suggesting that CSF PrP is CNS derived, supporting its relevance for monitoring the tissue of interest and in keeping with high PrP abundance in brain relative to blood. In a cohort with controlled sample handling, CSF PrP exhibits good within-subject test-retest reliability (mean coefficient of variation, 13% in samples collected 8-11 wk apart), a sufficiently stable baseline to allow therapeutically meaningful reductions in brain PrP to be readily detected in CSF. Together, these findings supply a method for monitoring the effect of a PrP-reducing drug in the CNS, and will facilitate development of prion disease therapeutics with this mechanism of action.
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4
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Kar B, Verma P, den Haan R, Sharma AK. Effect of N-linked glycosylation on the activity and stability of a β-glucosidase from Putranjiva roxburghii. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:490-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Shah MA, Mishra S, Chaudhuri TK. Marginal stability drives irreversible unfolding of large multi-domain family 3 glycosylhydrolases from thermo-tolerant yeast. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:1322-1330. [PMID: 29141194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein folding is an extremely complex and fast, yet perfectly defined process, involving interplay of many intra and inter-molecular forces. In vitro, these molecular interactions are reversible for many proteins e.g., smaller and monomeric, organized into single domains. However, refolding of larger multi-domain/multimeric proteins is much more complicated, proceeds in a hierarchal way and is often irreversible. In a comparative study on two large, multi-domain and multimeric isozymes, β-glucosidase I (BGLI) and β-glucosidase II (BGLII) from Pichia etchellsii, we studied spontaneous and assisted refolding under three denaturing conditions viz. GdnHCl, alkaline pH and heat. During refolding, higher refolding yields were obtained for BGLII in case of pH induced unfolding (13.89%±0.25) than BGLI (6%±0.85) while for GdnHCl induced unfolding, refolding was marginal (BGLI=5%±0.5; BGLII=6%±0.69). Thermal unfolding was irreversible while assisted refolding also showed little structural gain for both proteins. When the apparent free energies of unfolding (ΔGUapp) were calculated from GdnHCl unfolding data, their values were strikingly found to be lower (BGLI ΔGUapp=3.02kcal/mol; BGLII ΔGUapp=2.99kcal/mol) than reported for globular (ΔGU=5-15kcal/mol)/multimeric proteins (ΔGU=23-29kcal/mol) indicating marginal stability results in low refolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asif Shah
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Saroj Mishra
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Chaudhuri
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India; Ksuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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6
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Kameta N, Ding W, Dong J. Soft Nanotubes Derivatized with Short PEG Chains for Thermally Controllable Extraction and Separation of Peptides. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:6143-6150. [PMID: 30023764 PMCID: PMC6044993 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By means of a two-step self-assembly process involving three components, including short poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains, we produced two different types of molecular monolayer nanotubes: nanotubes densely functionalized with PEG chains on the outer surface and nanotubes densely functionalized with PEG chains in the nanochannel. Turbidity measurements and fluorescence spectroscopy with an environmentally responsive probe suggested that the PEG chains underwent dehydration when the nanotubes were heated above 44-57 °C and rehydration when they were cooled back to 25 °C. Dehydration of the exterior or interior PEG chains rendered them hydrophobic and thus able to effectively extract hydrophobic amino acids from the bulk solution. Rehydration of the PEG chains restored their hydrophilicity, thus allowing the extracted amino acids to be squeezed out into the bulk solutions. The nanotubes with exterior PEG chains exhibited selectivity for all of the hydrophobic amino acids, whereas the interior PEG chains were selective for hydrophobic amino acids with an aliphatic side chain over hydrophobic amino acids with an aromatic side chain. The higher selectivity of the latter system is attributable that the extraction and back-extraction processes involve encapsulation and transportation of the amino acids in the nanotube channel. As the result, the latter system was useful for separation of peptides that differed by only a single amino acid, whereas the former system showed no such separation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Kameta
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Wuxiao Ding
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jiuchao Dong
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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7
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Yamamoto E, Yamaguchi S, Nagamune T. Protein refolding is improved by adding nonionic polyethylene glycol monooleyl ethers with various polyethylene glycol lengths. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST); The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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8
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Zhao T, Wen W, Wang J, Wang S. Synthesis of artificial chaperones in a novel type of Pickering emulsion for glycoprotein. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11558j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A representation of the excellent versatility of poly(DVB-co-PBA) microspheres in the preparation of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- PR China
| | - Wenjun Wen
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- PR China
| | - Junping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- PR China
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9
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Kameta N, Matsuzawa T, Yaoi K, Masuda M. Short polyethylene glycol chains densely bound to soft nanotube channels for inhibition of protein aggregation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific thermal dehydration/rehydration of short polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains densely bound to nanotube channels was useful for aggregation suppression and refolding acceleration of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kameta
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Materials and Chemistry
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - T. Matsuzawa
- Bioproduction Research Institute
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- AIST
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - K. Yaoi
- Bioproduction Research Institute
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- AIST
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - M. Masuda
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Materials and Chemistry
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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10
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11
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Wang Y, Ren W, Gao D, Wang L, Yang Y, Bai Q. One-step refolding and purification of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α (rhTNF-α) using ion-exchange chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:305-11. [PMID: 24941919 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Protein refolding is a key step for the production of recombinant proteins, especially at large scales, and usually their yields are very low. Chromatographic-based protein refolding techniques have proven to be superior to conventional dilution refolding methods. High refolding yield can be achieved using these methods compared with dilution refolding of proteins. In this work, recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α (rhTNF-α) from inclusion bodies expressed in Escherichia coli was renatured with simultaneous purification by ion exchange chromatography with a DEAE Sepharose FF column. Several chromatographic parameters influencing the refolding yield of the denatured/reduced rhTNF-α, such as the urea concentration, pH value and concentration ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione in the mobile phase, were investigated in detail. Under optimal conditions, rhTNF-α can be renatured and purified simultaneously within 30 min by one step. Specific bioactivity of 2.18 × 10(8) IU/mg, purity of 95.2% and mass recovery of 76.8% of refolded rhTNF-α were achieved. Compared with the usual dilution method, the ion exchange chromatography method developed here is simple and more effective for rhTNF-α refolding in terms of specific bioactivity and mass recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Modern Separation Science, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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12
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Li Z, Tan BH, Jin G, Li K, He C. Design of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) based thermo-responsive amphiphilic hybrid copolymers for thermally denatured protein protection applications. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00936c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid micelles for simple and spontaneous protein protection using easily controllable temperature as the sole trigger in an “on-demand” fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science
- Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Beng H. Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science
- Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Guorui Jin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science
- Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science
- Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Chaobin He
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science
- Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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13
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Pan LQ, Xie ZM, Tang XJ, Wu M, Wang FR, Naranmandura H, Chen SQ. Engineering and refolding of a novel trimeric fusion protein TRAIL-collagen XVIII NC1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23208613 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered to be a promising anticancer agent because its active form TRAIL trimer is able to induce apoptosis in different tumor cell lines while sparing normal cells. However, TRAIL trimer possesses a short half-life and low stability, which turns out to be a major obstacle for the development of clinical trials. In our present study, we constructed a recombined TRAIL trimer by genetic fusion of non-collagenous domain (NC1) of human collagen XVIII or its trimerization domain (TD) to C-terminus of TRAIL via a flexible linker, and then refolded the fusion proteins using a two-step refolding approach, namely a combination of dilution and gel filtration chromatography. As a result, both recombinant proteins, TRAIL-NC1 and TRAIL-TD, were expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies, and they exhibited difficultly to refold efficiently by conventional methods. Thereby, we applied a modified two-step refolding approach to refold fusion proteins. More than 55 % of TRAIL-NC1 and 90 % of TRAIL-TD protein activity was recovered during the two-step refolding approach, and their stability was also increased significantly. Also, size exclusion chromatography showed refolded TRAIL-NC1 was a trimer while TRAIL-TD, hexamer. However, both of them exerted good apoptosis activity on NCI-H460 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiang Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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14
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Fallahbagheri A, Saboury AA, Ma'mani L, Taghizadeh M, Khodarahmi R, Ranjbar S, Bohlooli M, Shafiee A, Foroumadi A, Sheibani N, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Effects of silica nanoparticle supported ionic liquid as additive on thermal reversibility of human carbonic anhydrase II. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:933-8. [PMID: 22829053 PMCID: PMC3677219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticle supported imidazolium ionic liquid [SNImIL] was synthesized and utilized as a biocompatible additive for studying the thermal reversibility of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II). For this purpose, we prepared additive by modification of nanoparticles through the grafting of ionic liquids on the surface of nanoparticles (SNImIL). The SNImIL were fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis. The characterization of HCA II was investigated by various techniques including UV-vis and ANS fluorescence spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and docking study. SNImIL induced disaggregation, enhanced protein stability and increased thermal reversibility of HCA II by up to 42% at pH 7.75.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Center of Excellence in Biothermodynamics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Ma'mani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Ranjbar
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mousa Bohlooli
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center of Excellence in Biothermodynamics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Center of Excellence in Biothermodynamics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Yamaguchi S, Yamamoto E, Mannen T, Nagamune T, Nagamune T. Protein refolding using chemical refolding additives. Biotechnol J 2012; 8:17-31. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Patel AS, Lees WJ. Oxidative folding of lysozyme with aromatic dithiols, and aliphatic and aromatic monothiols. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 20:1020-8. [PMID: 22197395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In vitro protein folding of disulfide containing proteins is aided by the addition of a redox buffer, which is composed of a small molecule disulfide and/or a small molecule thiol. In this study, we examined redox buffers containing asymmetric dithiols 1-5, which possess an aromatic and aliphatic thiol, and symmetric dithiols 6 and 7, which possess two aromatic thiols, for their ability to fold reduced lysozyme at pH 7.0 and 8.0. Most in vivo protein folding catalysts are dithiols. When compared to glutathione and glutathione disulfide, the standard redox buffer, dithiols 1-5 improved the protein folding rates but not the yields. However, dithiols 6 and 7, and the corresponding monothiol 8 increased the folding rates 8-17 times and improved the yields 15-42% at 1mg/mL lysozyme. Moreover, aromatic dithiol 6 increased the in vitro folding yield as compared to the corresponding aromatic monothiol 8. Therefore, aromatic dithiols should be useful for protein folding, especially at high protein concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar S Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
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17
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Interactions of formulation excipients with proteins in solution and in the dried state. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1053-73. [PMID: 21756953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A variety of excipients are used to stabilize proteins, suppress protein aggregation, reduce surface adsorption, or to simply provide physiological osmolality. The stabilizers encompass a wide variety of molecules including sugars, salts, polymers, surfactants, and amino acids, in particular arginine. The effects of these excipients on protein stability in solution are mainly caused by their interaction with the protein and the container surface, and most importantly with water. Some excipients stabilize proteins in solution by direct binding, while others use a number of fundamentally different mechanisms that involve indirect interactions. In the dry state, any effects that the excipients confer to proteins through their interactions with water are irrelevant, as water is no longer present. Rather, the excipients stabilize proteins through direct binding and their effects on the physical properties of the dried powder. This review will describe a number of mechanisms by which the excipients interact with proteins in solution and with various interfaces, and their effects on the physical properties of the dried protein structure, and explain how the various interaction forces are related to their observed effects on protein stability.
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18
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Alibolandi M, Mirzahoseini H. Purification and Refolding of Overexpressed Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:973741. [PMID: 21837279 PMCID: PMC3151512 DOI: 10.4061/2011/973741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the integration of expanded bed adsorption (EBA) and adsorptive protein refolding operations used to recover purified and biologically active human basic fibroblast growth factor from inclusion bodies expressed in E. coli. Insoluble overexpressed human basic fibroblast growth factor has been purified on CM Hyper Z matrix by expanded bed adsorption after isolation and solubilization in 8 M urea. The adsorption was made in expanded bed without clarification steps such as centrifugation. Column refolding was done by elimination of urea and elution with NaCl. The human basic fibroblast growth factor was obtained as a highly purified soluble monomer form with similar behavior in circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy as native protein. A total of 92.52% of the available human basic fibroblast growth factor was recovered as biologically active and purified protein using the mentioned purification and refolding process. This resulted in the first procedure describing high-throughput purification and refolding of human basic fibroblast growth factor in one step and is likely to have the greatest benefit for proteins that tend to aggregate when refolded by dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alibolandi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
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19
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Chen YC, Liu HS. Chaperon solvent plug design in size-exclusion chromatography protein refolding process. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:203-8. [PMID: 22112410 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the chaperon solvent plug was reported as a strategy to reduce aggregation before the column inlet in SEC (size-exclusion chromatography) protein refolding process, the appropriate position at which sample injected and the volume of the chaperon solvent plug have not been elucidated. Therefore, the detail of chaperon solvent plug design was investigated in this work. Our results indicated that, to ensure good performances in the SEC refolding process, the appropriate front and tail volumes of chaperon solvent plug should be slightly larger than the optimal values, which depend on the flow dispersion from the injector to the column inlet. However, with the front volume more than the optimum, it could have an adverse effect on activity recovery but not the mass recovery, while no effect at all if the tail volume exceeded the optimum. Furthermore, it might be economical to replace the eluent (refolding buffer) after the tail of chaperon solvent plug with a cheaper one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Vandevenne M, Gaspard G, Belgsir EM, Ramnath M, Cenatiempo Y, Marechal D, Dumoulin M, Frere JM, Matagne A, Galleni M, Filee P. Effects of monopropanediamino-β-cyclodextrin on the denaturation process of the hybrid protein BlaPChBD. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1146-53. [PMID: 21621654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible accumulation of protein aggregates represents an important problem both in vivo and in vitro. The aggregation of proteins is of critical importance in a wide variety of biomedical situations, ranging from diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) to the production (e.g. inclusion bodies), stability, storage and delivery of protein drugs. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a circular heptasaccharide characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic interior ring structure. In this research, we studied the effects of a chemically modified β-CD (BCD07056), on the aggregating and refolding properties of BlaPChBD, a hybrid protein obtained by inserting the chitin binding domain of the human macrophage chitotriosidase into the class A β-lactamase BlaP from Bacillus licheniformis 749/I during its thermal denaturation. The results show that BCD07056 strongly increases the refolding yield of BlaPChBD after thermal denaturation and constitutes an excellent additive to stabilize the protein over time at room temperature. Our data suggest that BCD07056 acts early in the denaturation process by preventing the formation of an intermediate which leads to an aggregated state. Finally, the role of β-CD derivatives on the stability of proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylène Vandevenne
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie B6, Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
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21
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Yamamoto E, Yamaguchi S, Nagamune T. Protein Refolding by N-Alkylpyridinium and N-Alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium Ionic Liquids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 164:957-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Dechavanne V, Barrillat N, Borlat F, Hermant A, Magnenat L, Paquet M, Antonsson B, Chevalet L. A high-throughput protein refolding screen in 96-well format combined with design of experiments to optimize the refolding conditions. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 75:192-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Protein and DNA destabilization by osmolytes: The other side of the coin. Life Sci 2011; 88:117-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Wang C, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Wang L. Refolding of denatured/reduced lysozyme at high concentrations by artificial molecular chaperone-ion exchange chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:1073-9. [PMID: 20730764 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Development of high efficiency and low cost protein refolding methods is a highlighted research focus in biotechnology. Artificial molecular chaperone (AMC) and protein folding liquid chromatography (PFLC) are two attractive refolding methods developed in recent years. In the present work, AMC and one branch of PFLC, ion exchange chromatography (IEC), are integrated to form a new refolding method, artificial molecular chaperone-ion exchange chromatography (AMC-IEC). This new method is applied to the refolding of a widely used model protein, urea-denatured/dithiothreitol-reduced lysozyme. Many factors influencing the refolding of lysozyme, such as urea concentration, beta-cyclodextrin concentration, molar ratio of detergent to protein, mobile phase flow rate, and type of detergent, were investigated, respectively, to optimize the conditions for lysozyme refolding by AMC-IEC. Compared with normal IEC refolding method, the activity recoveries of lysozyme obtained by AMC-IEC were much higher in the investigated range of initial protein concentrations. Moreover, the activity recoveries obtained by using this newly developed refolding method were still quite high for denatured/reduced lysozyme at high initial concentrations. When the initial protein concentration was 200 mg mL(-1), the activity recovery was over 60%. In addition, the lifetime of the chromatographic column during AMC-IEC was much longer than that during protein refolding by normal IEC. Therefore, AMC-IEC is a high efficient and low cost protein refolding method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Modern Separation Science, Dept. of Chemistry, Northwest University, No. 49 Chang'an North Road, Xi'an, China.
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25
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Ali MS, Khan JM, Aswal VK, Khan RH, Kabir-ud-Din. Multi-technique approach on the effect of surfactant concentrations on the thermal unfolding of rabbit serum albumin: Formation and solubilization of the protein aggregates. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 80:169-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Kudou M, Yumioka R, Ejima D, Arakawa T, Tsumoto K. A novel protein refolding system using lauroyl-l-glutamate as a solubilizing detergent and arginine as a folding assisting agent. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 75:46-54. [PMID: 20817098 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
More than 50 detergents, including acylated amino acid derivatives, were screened for their ability to solubilize and refold recombinant proteins expressed as inclusion bodies. Two model proteins, human interleukin-6 and microbial transglutaminase, were solubilized by these detergents and the solubilized proteins were rapidly diluted for testing their solubilization and refolding effectiveness. Long chain-acylated amino acid derivatives having dicarboxylic acid moieties were found to be superior to others under the conditions tested. In particular, lauroyl-l-glutamate (C12-l-Glu) showed the highest recovery of the native proteins. The effectiveness of dilution refolding was greatly improved by adding aggregation suppressive arginine into the refolding solvents. To gain understanding how this detergent works, interactions between detergents and proteins were examined using spectroscopic and native gel electrophoretic analyses, showing ideal properties for C12-l-Glu as a solubilzing agent, i.e. highly reversible nature of the detergent binding to the model globular proteins and of the conformational changes. These properties most likely have contributed to the effective protein solubilzation and refolding of inclusion bodies using C12-l-Glu and arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonori Kudou
- Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
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27
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Synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles and their uses as solid-phase artificial chaperones in refolding of carbonic anhydrase bovine. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 346:337-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Development of a rapid, high-efficiency, scalable refold for neurotrophin-4. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2010; 56:27-34. [PMID: 20408815 DOI: 10.1042/ba20090306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A scalable refold for human neurotrophin-4 was developed as part of a manufacturing process required for the production of supplies for preclinical and clinical studies. The process redox system, chaotrope, solubilization additives, pH, temperature and protein concentration were optimized. The limited availability of suitable material for experimentation during concurrent downstream process development led to the approach described in the present paper: a combination of OFAT (one factor at a time) and multivariate DOE (design of experiments) to identify appropriate conditions. The optimized refold conditions included the use of sulfonated protein, raw materials utilized in other process operations and an inexpensive redox system. The conditions were found to be robust and were demonstrated from the millilitre scale to the 300 litre pilot scale. A process control procedure that utilized an RPC (reversed-phase chromatography) quantitative assay to monitor the percentage conversion into oxidized protein was developed. Refold conversions of 80-90% were obtained under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions, with reaction times of approx. 18 h.
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29
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Serno T, Carpenter JF, Randolph TW, Winter G. Inhibition of Agitation‐Induced Aggregation of an IgG‐Antibody by Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1193-206. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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30
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Artemova NV, Bumagina ZM, Kasakov AS, Shubin VV, Gurvits BY. Opioid peptides derived from food proteins suppress aggregation and promote reactivation of partly unfolded stressed proteins. Peptides 2010; 31:332-8. [PMID: 19954758 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new view of the opioid peptides is presented. The potential of small peptides derived from precursor food proteins, to bind to partly unfolded stressed proteins to prevent their irreversible aggregation and inactivation has been demonstrated in various in vitro test systems: dithiothreitol-induced aggregation of alpha-lactalbumin (LA), heat-induced aggregation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and aggregation and inactivation of bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the process of its refolding after removal of stress conditions. Using dynamic light scattering (DLS), turbidimetry, fluorescence, and circular dichroism measurements protective effects of the synthetic opioid peptides: exorphin C from wheat gluten (Tyr-Pro-Ile-Ser-Leu), rubiscolin-5 from spinach ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Asp-Leu), and hemorphin-6 from bovine hemoglobin (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln-Arg) have been revealed. We have demonstrated the concentration-dependent suppression of light scattering intensity of aggregates of LA and ADH in the presence of the peptides, the population of nanoparticles with higher hydrodynamic radii being shifted to the lower ones, accompanied by an increase in the lag period of aggregation. The presence of the peptides in the refolding solution was shown to assist reactivation of CA and enhance the yield of the CA soluble protein. The results suggest that bioactive food protein fragments may be regarded as exogenous supplements to the endogenous defense mechanisms of the human organism under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Artemova
- A.N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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31
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Nian R, Kim DS, Tan L, Kim CW, Choe WS. Synergistic coordination of polyethylene glycol with ClpB/DnaKJE bichaperone for refolding of heat-denatured malate dehydrogenase. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:1078-85. [PMID: 19551876 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a refolding additive to a refolding cocktail comprising the molecular bichaperone ClpB and DnaKJE significantly enhances chaperone-mediated refolding of heat-denatured malate dehydrogenase (MDH). The critical factor to affect the refolding yield is the time point of introducing PEG to the refolding cocktail. The refolding efficiency reached approximately 90% only when PEG was added at the beginning of refolding reaction. The synergistic coordination of an inexpensive refolding additive PEG with the ClpB/DnaKJE bichaperone system may provide an economical route to further enhance the efficacy of ClpB/DnaKJE refolding cocktail approach, facilitating its implementation in large-scale refolding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Duan H, Zeng X, Tang B, Liu X, Lan G, Wei W, Luo S. Cooperative Effect of Guanidinium Chloride and Urea on Lysozyme Refolding. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903243596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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de Marco A. Strategies for successful recombinant expression of disulfide bond-dependent proteins in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:26. [PMID: 19442264 PMCID: PMC2689190 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are simple and cost effective hosts for producing recombinant proteins. However, their physiological features may limit their use for obtaining in native form proteins of some specific structural classes, such as for instance polypeptides that undergo extensive post-translational modifications. To some extent, also the production of proteins that depending on disulfide bridges for their stability has been considered difficult in E. coli. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms keep their cytoplasm reduced and, consequently, disulfide bond formation is impaired in this subcellular compartment. Disulfide bridges can stabilize protein structure and are often present in high abundance in secreted proteins. In eukaryotic cells such bonds are formed in the oxidizing environment of endoplasmic reticulum during the export process. Bacteria do not possess a similar specialized subcellular compartment, but they have both export systems and enzymatic activities aimed at the formation and at the quality control of disulfide bonds in the oxidizing periplasm. This article reviews the available strategies for exploiting the physiological mechanisms of bactera to produce properly folded disulfide-bonded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ario de Marco
- Cogentech, IFOM-IEO Campus for Oncogenomic, via Adamello, 16 - 20139, Milano, Italy.
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34
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Nara TY, Togashi H, Sekikawa C, Kawakami M, Yaginuma N, Sakaguchi K, Mizukami F, Tsunoda T. Use of zeolite to refold a disulfide-bonded protein. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 68:68-73. [PMID: 18977122 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zeolites are microporous crystalline aluminosilicates with a highly ordered structure. Using zeolite beta as an adsorbent, denatured/reduced hen egg lysozyme was refolded to the active form at high concentrations. The denatured/reduced lysozyme was adsorbed onto the zeolite and the protein was refolded by desorbing it into refolding buffer, consisting of redox reagents, guanidine hydrochloride, polyethylene glycol, and L-arginine. This zeolite refolding method could be highly effective for various kinds of proteins, refolding them with high efficiency even when they contain disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Y Nara
- Research Center for Compact Chemical Process, AIST, Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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35
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Shiraki K, Kudou M, Sakamoto R, Yanagihara I, Takagi M. Amino Acid Esters Prevent Thermal Inactivation and Aggregation of Lysozyme. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:640-3. [PMID: 15801812 DOI: 10.1021/bp049769w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small potent inhibitors of aggregation are eagerly demanded for preventing the inactivation of proteins. This paper shows that amino acid esters (AAEs) prevent heat-induced aggregation and inactivation of hen egg lysozyme. Lysozyme was completely inactivated (<1% original activity) during heat treatment at 98 degrees C for 30 min in a solution containing 0.2 mg/mL lysozyme in 50 mM Na-phosphate buffer (pH 6.5). The residual activities only slightly increased (<5%) in the presence of 100 mM commonly used additives such as arginine, guanidine, urea, and sugars. However, in the presence of 100 mM AAEs, the residual activities were >60% and no aggregates were observed during the heat treatment at 98 degrees C for 30 min. This fact provides new information on the scaffold for designing additives to prevent heat-induced aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shiraki
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Tatsunokuchi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
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36
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Chilaka FC, Nwamba CO. Kinetic analysis of urea-inactivation of beta-galactosidase in the presence of galactose. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:7-15. [PMID: 18341246 DOI: 10.1080/14756360701450244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of galactose on the inactivation of purified beta-galactosidase from the black bean, Kestingiella geocarpa, in 5 M urea at 50 degrees C and at pH 4.5, was determined. Lineweaver-Burk plots of initial velocity data in the presence and absence of urea and galactose were used to determine the relevant K(m) and V(max) values, with p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (PNPG) as substrate, S. The inactivation data were analysed using the Tsou equation and plots. Plots of ln([P](infinity) - [P](t) ) against time in the presence of urea yielded the inactivation rate constant, A. Plots of A vs [S] at different galactose concentrations were zero order showing that A was independent of [S]. Plots of [P](infinity) vs [S] were used to determine the mode of inhibition of the enzyme by galactose, and slopes and intercepts of the 1/[P](infinity) vs. 1/[S] yielded k(+0) and k '(+0), the microscopic rate constants for the free enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex, respectively. Plots of k(+0) and k '(+0) vs. galactose concentrations showed that galactose protected the free enzyme and not the enzyme-substrate complex against urea inactivation via a noncompetitive mechanism at low galactose concentrations and a competitive pattern of inhibition at high galactose concentrations. The implication of the different modes of inhibition in protecting the free enzyme was discussed.
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37
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Krishnamurthy VM, Kaufman GK, Urbach AR, Gitlin I, Gudiksen KL, Weibel DB, Whitesides GM. Carbonic anhydrase as a model for biophysical and physical-organic studies of proteins and protein-ligand binding. Chem Rev 2008; 108:946-1051. [PMID: 18335973 PMCID: PMC2740730 DOI: 10.1021/cr050262p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay M. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - George K. Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Adam R. Urbach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Irina Gitlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Katherine L. Gudiksen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Douglas B. Weibel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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38
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Dong XY, Fu ML, Sun Y. Refolding of recombinant homodimeric malate dehydrogenase expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Cowan RH, Davies RA, Pinheiro TTJ. A screening system for the identification of refolding conditions for a model protein kinase, p38alpha. Anal Biochem 2008; 376:25-38. [PMID: 18294951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are key drug targets involved in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular processes. To aid the development of drugs targeting these kinases, it is necessary to express recombinant protein in large amounts. The expression of these kinases in Escherichia coli often leads to the accumulation of the expressed protein as insoluble inclusion bodies. The refolding of these inclusion bodies could provide a route to soluble protein, but there is little reported success in this area. We set out to develop a system for the screening of refolding conditions for a model protein kinase, p38alpha, and applied this system to denatured p38alpha derived from natively folded and inclusion body protein. Clear differences were observed in the refolding yields obtained, suggesting differences in the folded state of these preparations. Using the screening system, we have established conditions under which soluble, folded p38alpha can be produced from inclusion bodies. We have shown that the refolding yields obtained in this screen are suitable for the economic large-scale production of refolded p38alpha protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Cowan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gibbet Hill Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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40
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Yaghoubi H, Khajeh K, Hosseinkhani S, Ranjbar B, Naderi-Manesh H. Application of zero-length cross-linking to form lysozyme, horseradish peroxidase and lysozyme–peroxidase dimers: Activity and stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 41:624-30. [PMID: 17915308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 08/12/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile method for the formation of covalent bonds between protein molecules is zero-length cross-linking. This method enables the formation of cross-links without use of any chemical reagents. Here, the cross-linking is performed for lysozyme, peroxidase (a glycoprotein) and between lysozyme-peroxidase by the method of Simons et al. [B.L. Simons, M.C. King, T. Cyr, M.A. Hefford, H. Kaplan, Covalent cross-linking of protein without chemical reagents, Protein Sci. 2002, 11, 1558-1564]. Approximately one-third of the total lysozyme becomes cross-linked and the dimer form was the major product for both enzymes. This modification induced some changes in the kinetic properties of the dimer peroxidase, as evident by two-fold increasing of V(max) compared to the monomer but the enzymatic activity of cross-linked lysozyme dimer was the same as monomer. The activity of lysozyme dimer remained constant up to 10min at 80 degrees C, while peroxidase activity of both monomer and dimer began to decrease after heating. The structural changes of the enzymes were investigated by circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence techniques. Near UV result showed lysozyme possess a compact structure in the dimer form but disruption of tertiary structure of peroxidase dimer was observed. Also conformational changes were detected and discussed by intrinsic fluorescence experiments. Effect of several metals in the formation of lysozyme dimer showed that Co(2+) is the most effective one but its effect was marginal. At the end formation of heterogeneous dimer, peroxidase-lysozyme, was achieved using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Yaghoubi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Monterroso B, Minton AP. Effect of High Concentration of Inert Cosolutes on the Refolding of an Enzyme. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:33452-33458. [PMID: 17878163 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705157200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of refolding of carbonic anhydrase II following transfer from a buffer containing 5 m guanidinium chloride to a buffer containing 0.5 m guanidinium chloride were studied by measuring the time-dependent recovery of enzymatic activity. Experiments were carried out in buffer containing concentrations of two "inert" cosolutes, sucrose and Ficoll 70, a sucrose polymer, at concentrations up to 150 g/liter. Data analysis indicates that both cosolutes significantly accelerate the rate of refolding to native or compact near-native conformations, but decrease the fraction of catalytically active enzyme recovered in the limit of long time. According to the simplest model that fits the data, both cosolutes accelerate a competing side reaction yielding inactive compact species. Acceleration of the side reaction by Ficoll is significantly greater than that of sucrose at equal w/v concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Monterroso
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
| | - Allen P Minton
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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42
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Jiang Y, Su JT, Zhang J, Wei X, Yan YB, Zhou HM. Reshaping the folding energy landscape of human carbonic anhydrase II by a single point genetic mutation Pro237His. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:776-88. [PMID: 18060825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase (HCA) II participates in a variety of important biological processes, and it has long been known that genetic mutations of HCA II are closely correlated to human disease. In this research, we investigated the effects of a genetic single point mutation P237, which is located on the surface of the molecule and does not participate in the HCA II catalysis, on HCA II activity, stability and folding. Spectroscopic studies revealed that the mutation caused more buried Trp residues to become accessible by solvent and caused the NMR signals to become less dispersed, but did not affect the secondary structure or the hydrophobic exposure of the protein. The mutant was less stable than the wild type enzyme against heat- and GdnHCl-induced inactivation, but its pH adaptation was similar to the wild type. The mutation slightly decreased the stability of the molten globular intermediate, but gradually affected the stability of the native state by a 10-fold reduction of the Gibbs free energy for the transition from the native state to the intermediate. This might have led to an accumulation of the aggregation-prone molten globular intermediate, which further trapped the proteins into the off-pathway aggregates during refolding and reduced the levels of active enzyme in vivo. The results herein suggested that the correct positioning of the long loop around P237 might be crucial to the folding of HCA II, particularly the formation of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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43
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Qoronfleh MW, Hesterberg LK, Seefeldt MB. Confronting high-throughput protein refolding using high pressure and solution screens. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 55:209-24. [PMID: 17681810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli is commonly hindered by the formation of inclusion bodies. Nevertheless, refolding of proteins in vitro has become an essential requirement in the development of structural genomics (proteomics) and as a means of recovering functional proteins from inclusion bodies. Many distinct methods for protein refolding are now in use. However, regardless of method used, developing a reliable protein refolding protocol still requires significant optimization through trial and error. Many proteins fall into the category of "Challenging" or "Difficult to Express" and are problematic to refold using traditional chaotrope-based refolding techniques. This review discusses new methods for improving protein refolding, such as implementing high hydrostatic pressure, using small molecule additives to enhance traditional protein refolding strategies, as well as developing practical methods for performing refolding studies to maximize their reliability and utility. The strategies examined here focus on high-throughput, automated refolding screens, which can be applied to structural genomic projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Walid Qoronfleh
- University of Michigan and Core Technology Alliance-CTA, 1024 Wolverine Tower, 3003 State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1274, USA.
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Lu D, Wu J, Liu Z. Dynamic Control of Protein Folding Pathway with a Polymer of Tunable Hydrophobicity. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:12303-9. [PMID: 17914802 DOI: 10.1021/jp076043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the knowledge of protein folding in a dilute solution is now well-advanced, little is known of the influence of surrounding conditions on the folding kinetics, in particular when the protein is in a dynamically responsive environment. Here we report a new procedure to control the pathways of protein folding by using a thermally responsive polymer that varies its hydrophobicity concomitant with the protein structural changes. The advantages of folding in a dynamic environment have been demonstrated first by Langevin dynamics simulations on the basis of coarse-grained models for both the protein and polymer and then by experiments for lysozyme refolding in the presence of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-tert-butylacrylamide), a thermal responsive polymer that varies its hydrophobicity in response to temperature. The simulation suggests that decreasing the polymer hydrophobicity during the folding process may result in an optimized free-energy landscape that enhances both the folding yield and kinetics. The experiments affirm that an optimal folding condition can be identified when structural transitions of the protein collaborate with the polymer hydrophobicity tuned by variation of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diannan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084
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Shimojo K, Oshima T, Naganawa H, Goto M. Calixarene-Assisted Protein Refolding via Liquid−Liquid Extraction. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3061-6. [PMID: 17718500 DOI: 10.1021/bm070418q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report on protein refolding by means of a liquid-liquid transfer technique using a calixarene. We have found that a calix[6]areneacetic acid derivative forms a supramolecular complex with urea-denatured cytochrome c at the oil-water interface, which enables quantitative transfer of the protein from an 8 M urea aqueous solution into an organic phase through a proton-exchange mechanism. Denatured cytochrome c is completely separated from the denaturant and is isolated from other denatured cytochrome c molecules to suppress the generation of aggregates due to protein-protein interactions. The recovery of cytochrome c from the organic phase is successfully achieved under acidic conditions using an appropriate amount of 1-butanol. UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence spectroscopic characterizations demonstrate that cytochrome c transferred into a denaturant-free aqueous solution regains its native structure. The reduction kinetics of refolded cytochrome c using ascorbic acid indicates that the protein provides approximately 72% of native activity as an electron-transfer protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Shimojo
- Division of Environment and Radiation Sciences, Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, Japan
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46
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Abstract
Protein refolding in vitro, the formation of the tertiary structure that enables the protein to display its biological function, can be significantly enhanced by adding a polymer of an appropriate hydrophobicity and concentration into the refolding buffer. A molecular simulation of the refolding of a two-dimensional simple lattice protein was presented. A protein folding map recording the occurrence frequency of specified conformations was derived, from which the refolding thermodynamics and kinetics were interpreted. It is shown that, in the absence of polymer, the protein falls into the "energy trapped" conformations characterized by a high intramolecular hydrophobic interaction, denoted as HH contact, and a high magnitude of the structure overlap function, chi. This makes it difficult for the protein to fold to the native state. The polymer with a suitable chain length, concentration, and hydrophobicity has formed complex with partially folded protein and created diversified intermediates with low chi. This gives more pathways for the protein to fold to the native state. At a given hydrophobicity, the short chain polymer has a broader concentration range where it assists protein folding than those of long chains. The above simulation agrees well with the experimental results reported elsewhere [Cleland et al., J. Biol. Chem. 267, 13327 (1992); ibid., Bio/Technology 10, 1013 (1992); Chen et al., Enzyme Microb. Technol. 32, 120 (2003); Lu et al., Biochem. Eng. J. 24, 55 (2005); ibid., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 134902 (2005); ibid., Biochem. Eng. J. (to be published)] and is of fundamental importance for the design and application of polymers for protein refolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diannan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
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Villalonga R, Cao R, Fragoso A. Supramolecular Chemistry of Cyclodextrins in Enzyme Technology. Chem Rev 2007; 107:3088-116. [PMID: 17590054 DOI: 10.1021/cr050253g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hamada H, Shiraki K. l-Argininamide improves the refolding more effectively than l-arginine. J Biotechnol 2007; 130:153-60. [PMID: 17434637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
L-arginine (Arg) is a widely used additive for suppressing protein aggregation during refolding. Systematic screening of Arg analogs provides superior additives that enhance the refolding yield more effectively than Arg. The refolding yield of hen egg lysozyme in the presence of 500 mM L-argininamide (ArgAd) increases 1.7-fold higher than Arg. Thermal unfolding experiments indicate that ArgAd has a greater denaturing effect than Arg. The refolding yield positively relates to the net charge of Arg analogs. Moreover ArgAd was also effective for the refolding of bovine carbonic anhydrase. High potency to increase the refolding yield of ArgAd compared to Arg results from high positive net charge and the denaturing property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hamada
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Hirano A, Hamada H, Okubo T, Noguchi T, Higashibata H, Shiraki K. Correlation Between Thermal Aggregation and Stability of Lysozyme with Salts Described by Molar Surface Tension Increment: An Exceptional Propensity of Ammonium Salts as Aggregation Suppressor. Protein J 2007; 26:423-33. [PMID: 17503163 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-007-9082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a critical problem for biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Despite the fact that soluble proteins have been used for many applications, our understanding of the effect of the solution chemistry on protein aggregation still remains to be elucidated. This paper investigates the process of thermal aggregation of lysozyme in the presence of various types of salts. The simple law was found; the aggregation rate of lysozyme increased with increasing melting temperature of the protein (T (m)) governed by chemical characteristics of additional salts. Ammonium salts were, however, ruled out; the aggregation rates of lysozyme in the presence of the ammonium salts were smaller than the ones estimated from T (m). Comparing with sodium salts, ammonium salts increased the solubility of the hydrophobic amino acids, indicating that ammonium salts adsorb the hydrophobic region of proteins, which leads to the decrease in aggregation more effectively than sodium salts. The positive relation between aggregation rate and T (m) was described by another factor such as the surface tension of salt solutions. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis showed that the thermal aggregates were likely to form beta-sheet in solutions that give high molar surface tension increment. These results suggest that protein aggregation is attributed to the surface free energy of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hirano
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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Matsuoka T, Tomita S, Hamada H, Shiraki K. Amidated amino acids are prominent additives for preventing heat-induced aggregation of lysozyme. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 103:440-3. [PMID: 17609159 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.103.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An additive that is highly effective in small amounts for controlling protein inactivation and aggregation has long been demanded. In this paper we show amidated amino acids as new potent additives. In the presence of 100 mM amidated amino acids, e.g., Ala, Arg, Asn, Met, and Val, the heat-induced inactivation and aggregation of lysozyme at pH 7.1 are one order of magnitude slower than those in the absence of additives. Although a high Arg concentration (>1 M) has been used to prevent aggregation among amino acids, it is worth mentioning that above amidated amino acids can prevent aggregation at submolar concentrations. The data obtained suggest the importance of amino and amide groups rather than the guanidium group as an aggregation suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneyoshi Matsuoka
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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