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Rezvykh A, Shteinberg D, Bronovitsky E, Ustyugov A, Funikov S. Animal Models of FUS-Proteinopathy: A Systematic Review. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S34-S56. [PMID: 38621743 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Mutations that disrupt the function of the DNA/RNA-binding protein FUS could cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. One of the key features in ALS pathogenesis is the formation of insoluble protein aggregates containing aberrant isoforms of the FUS protein in the cytoplasm of upper and lower motor neurons. Reproduction of human pathology in animal models is the main tool for studying FUS-associated pathology and searching for potential therapeutic agents for ALS treatment. In this review, we provide a systematic analysis of the role of FUS protein in ALS pathogenesis and an overview of the results of modelling FUS-proteinopathy in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rezvykh
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daniil Shteinberg
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | | | - Aleksey Ustyugov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Sergei Funikov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Ly CV, Ireland MD, Self WK, Bollinger J, Jockel‐Balsarotti J, Herzog H, Allred P, Miller L, Doyle M, Anez‐Bruzual I, Trikamji B, Hyman T, Kung T, Nicholson K, Bucelli RC, Patterson BW, Bateman RJ, Miller TM. Protein kinetics of superoxide dismutase-1 in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:1012-1024. [PMID: 37119480 PMCID: PMC10270254 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulation of misfolded superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) is a pathological hallmark of SOD1-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and is observed in sporadic ALS where its role in pathogenesis is controversial. Understanding in vivo protein kinetics may clarify how SOD1 influences neurodegeneration and inform optimal dosing for therapies that lower SOD1 transcripts. METHODS We employed stable isotope labeling paired with mass spectrometry to evaluate in vivo protein kinetics and concentration of soluble SOD1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SOD1 mutation carriers, sporadic ALS participants and controls. A deaminated SOD1 peptide, SDGPVKV, that correlates with protein stability was also measured. RESULTS In participants with heterozygous SOD1A5V mutations, known to cause rapidly progressive ALS, mutant SOD1 protein exhibited ~twofold faster turnover and ~ 16-fold lower concentration compared to wild-type SOD1 protein. SDGPVKV levels were increased in SOD1A5V carriers relative to controls. Thus, SOD1 mutations impact protein kinetics and stability. We applied this approach to sporadic ALS participants and found that SOD1 turnover, concentration, and SDGPVKV levels are not significantly different compared to controls. INTERPRETATION These results highlight the ability of stable isotope labeling approaches and peptide deamidation to discern the influence of disease mutations on protein kinetics and stability and support implementation of this method to optimize clinical trial design of gene and molecular therapies for neurological disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03449212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy V. Ly
- Department of NeurologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Wade K. Self
- Department of NeurologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - James Bollinger
- Department of NeurologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Hillary Herzog
- Department of NeurologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Peggy Allred
- Department of NeurologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Leah Miller
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michael Doyle
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Isabel Anez‐Bruzual
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bhavesh Trikamji
- Department of NeurologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Ted Hyman
- Department of NeurologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Tyler Kung
- Department of NeurologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Katherine Nicholson
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of NeurologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Hope Center for Neurological DisordersWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Timothy M. Miller
- Department of NeurologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Hope Center for Neurological DisordersWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
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3
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Gogia N, Tare M, Kannan R, Singh A. Editorial: Protein misfolding, altered mechanisms and neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1134855. [PMID: 36818654 PMCID: PMC9930101 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1134855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gogia
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States,Neha Gogia ✉
| | - Meghana Tare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Kannan
- Boyer Centre of Molecular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States,Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States,Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States,The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States,Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, United States,*Correspondence: Amit Singh ✉
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Farrawell NE, Yerbury JJ. Mutant Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (A4V) Turnover Is Altered in Cells Containing Inclusions. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:771911. [PMID: 34803609 PMCID: PMC8597841 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.771911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SOD1 mutations account for ∼20% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases in which the hallmark pathological feature is insoluble SOD1 aggregates within motor neurons. Here, we investigated the degradation and synthesis of mutant SOD1 to determine whether the aggregation of mutant SOD1A4V affects these processes. We confirm that, in general, the degradation of mutant SOD1A4V occurs at a significantly faster rate than wild-type SOD1. We also report that the turnover and synthesis of mutant SOD1A4V is impaired in the presence of insoluble SOD1A4V aggregates. However, the timing of aggregation of SOD1A4V did not coincide with UPS dysfunction. Together, these results reveal the impact of SOD1 aggregation on protein degradation pathways, highlighting the importance of the UPS in preventing neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Farrawell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Gertsman I, Wuu J, McAlonis-Downes M, Ghassemian M, Ling K, Rigo F, Bennett F, Benatar M, Miller TM, Da Cruz S. An endogenous peptide marker differentiates SOD1 stability and facilitates pharmacodynamic monitoring in SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122768. [PMID: 31092730 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel biomarkers has emerged as a critical need for therapeutic development in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). For some subsets of ALS, such as the genetic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) form, exciting new treatment strategies, such as antisense oligonucleotide-mediated (ASO-mediated) SOD1 silencing, are being tested in clinical trials, so the identification of pharmacodynamic biomarkers for therapeutic monitoring is essential. We identify increased levels of a 7-amino acid endogenous peptide of SOD1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human SOD1 mutation carriers but not in other neurological cases or nondiseased controls. Levels of peptide elevation vary based on the specific SOD1 mutation (ranging from 1.1-fold greater than control in D90A to nearly 30-fold greater in V148G) and correlate with previously published measurements of SOD1 stability. Using a mass spectrometry-based method (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), we quantified peptides in both extracellular samples (CSF) and intracellular samples (spinal cord from rat) to demonstrate that the peptide distinguishes mutation-specific differences in intracellular SOD1 degradation. Furthermore, 80% and 63% reductions of the peptide were measured in SOD1G93A and SOD1H46R rat CSF samples, respectively, following treatment with ASO, with an improved correlation to mRNA levels in spinal cords compared with the ELISA measuring intact SOD1 protein. These data demonstrate the potential of this peptide as a pharmacodynamic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Gertsman
- Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Clarus Analytical, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joanne Wuu
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Majid Ghassemian
- Biomolecular/Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karen Ling
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Timothy M Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Self WK, Schoch KM, Alex J, Barthélemy N, Bollinger JG, Sato C, Cole T, Kordasiewicz HB, Swayze E, Bateman RJ, Miller TM. Protein production is an early biomarker for RNA-targeted therapies. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:1492-1504. [PMID: 30564616 PMCID: PMC6292185 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical trials for progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis have been hindered due to the absence of effective pharmacodynamics markers to assay target engagement. We tested whether measurements of new protein production would be a viable pharmacodynamics tool for RNA-targeted therapies. METHODS Transgenic animal models expressing human proteins implicated in neurodegenerative disorders - microtubule-associated protein tau (hTau) or superoxide dismutase-1 (hSOD1) - were treated with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) delivered to the central nervous system to target these human mRNA transcripts. Simultaneously, animals were administered 13C6-leucine via drinking water to measure new protein synthesis after ASO treatment. Measures of new protein synthesis and protein concentration were assayed at designated time points after ASO treatment using targeted proteomics. RESULTS ASO treatment lowered hTau mRNA and protein production (measured by 13C6-leucine-labeled hTau protein) earlier than total hTau protein concentration in transgenic mouse cortex. In the CSF of hSOD1 transgenic rats, ASO treatment lowered newly generated hSOD1 protein driven by decreases in newly synthesized hSOD1 protein, not overall protein concentration, 30 days after treatment. At later time points, decreases in newly generated protein were still observed after mRNA lowering reached a steady state after ASO treatment. INTERPRETATION Measures of newly generated protein show earlier pharmacodynamics changes for RNA-lowering therapeutics compared with total protein concentration. Early in ASO treatment, decreases in newly generated protein are driven by changes in newly synthesized protein. Measuring new protein production in CSF may be a promising early pharmacodynamics marker for RNA-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade K. Self
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Kathleen M. Schoch
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Jacob Alex
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Nicolas Barthélemy
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - James G. Bollinger
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | | | | | | | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Timothy M. Miller
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
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Transfer of pathogenic and nonpathogenic cytosolic proteins between spinal cord motor neurons in vivo in chimeric mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3139-E3148. [PMID: 28348221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701465114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported spread of pathogenic proteins in the mammalian nervous system, but whether nonpathogenic ones spread is unknown. We initially investigated whether spread of a mutant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated cytosolic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein between motor neurons could be detected in intact chimeric mice. Eight-cell embryos from G85R SOD1YFP and G85R SOD1CFP mice were aggregated, and spinal cords of adult chimeric progeny were examined for motor neurons with cytosolic double fluorescence. By 3 mo of age, we observed extensive double fluorescence, including in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-affected cranial nerve motor nuclei but not in the relatively spared extraocular nuclei. Chimeras of nonpathogenic wtSOD1YFP and G85R SOD1CFP also exhibited double fluorescence. In a third chimera, mitochondrial mCherry did not transfer to G85R SOD1YFP motor neurons, suggesting that neither RNA nor organelles transfer, but mito-mCherry neurons received G85R SOD1YFP. In a chimera of ChAT promoter-EGFP and mito-mCherry, EGFP efficiently transferred to mito-mCherry+ cells. Thus, nonpathogenic cytosolic proteins appear capable of transfer. During study of both the SOD1FP and EGFP chimeras, we observed fluorescence also in small cells neighboring the motor neurons, identified as mature gray matter oligodendrocytes. Double fluorescence in the G85R SOD1FP chimera and observation of the temporal development of fluorescence first in motor neurons and then in these oligodendrocytes suggest that they may be mediators of transfer of cytosolic proteins between motor neurons.
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Human SOD1 ALS Mutations in a Drosophila Knock-In Model Cause Severe Phenotypes and Reveal Dosage-Sensitive Gain- and Loss-of-Function Components. Genetics 2016; 205:707-723. [PMID: 27974499 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.190850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease and familial forms can be caused by numerous dominant mutations of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. Substantial efforts have been invested in studying SOD1-ALS transgenic animal models; yet, the molecular mechanisms by which ALS-mutant SOD1 protein acquires toxicity are not well understood. ALS-like phenotypes in animal models are highly dependent on transgene dosage. Thus, issues of whether the ALS-like phenotypes of these models stem from overexpression of mutant alleles or from aspects of the SOD1 mutation itself are not easily deconvolved. To address concerns about levels of mutant SOD1 in disease pathogenesis, we have genetically engineered four human ALS-causing SOD1 point mutations (G37R, H48R, H71Y, and G85R) into the endogenous locus of Drosophila SOD1 (dsod) via ends-out homologous recombination and analyzed the resulting molecular, biochemical, and behavioral phenotypes. Contrary to previous transgenic models, we have recapitulated ALS-like phenotypes without overexpression of the mutant protein. Drosophila carrying homozygous mutations rendering SOD1 protein enzymatically inactive (G85R, H48R, and H71Y) exhibited neurodegeneration, locomotor deficits, and shortened life span. The mutation retaining enzymatic activity (G37R) was phenotypically indistinguishable from controls. While the observed mutant dsod phenotypes were recessive, a gain-of-function component was uncovered through dosage studies and comparisons with age-matched dsod null animals, which failed to show severe locomotor defects or nerve degeneration. We conclude that the Drosophila knock-in model captures important aspects of human SOD1-based ALS and provides a powerful and useful tool for further genetic studies.
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Wei C, Chupak LS, Philip T, Johnson BM, Gentles R, Drexler DM. Screening and characterization of reactive compounds with in vitro peptide-trapping and liquid chromatography/high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:297-307. [PMID: 23796688 DOI: 10.1177/1087057113492852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a novel methodology for the detection of reactive compounds using in vitro peptide-trapping and liquid chromatography-high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Compounds that contain electrophilic groups can covalently bind to nucleophilic moieties in proteins and form adducts. Such adducts are thought to be associated with drug-mediated toxicity and therefore represent potential liabilities in drug discovery programs. In addition, reactive compounds identified in biological screening can be associated with data that can be misinterpreted if the reactive nature of the compound is not appreciated. In this work, to facilitate the triage of hits from high-throughput screening (HTS), a novel assay was developed to monitor the formation of covalent peptide adducts by compounds suspected to be chemically reactive. The assay consists of in vitro incubations of test compounds (under conditions of physiological pH) with synthetically prepared peptides presenting a variety of nucleophilic moieties such as cysteine, lysine, histidine, arginine, serine, and tyrosine. Reaction mixtures were analyzed using full-scan LC-HRMS, the data were interrogated using postacquisition data mining, and modified amino acids were identified by subsequent LC-HRMS/mass spectrometry. The study demonstrated that in vitro nucleophilic peptide trapping followed by LC-HRMS analysis is a useful approach for screening of intrinsically reactive compounds identified from HTS exercises, which are then removed from follow-up processes, thus obviating the generation of data from biochemical activity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wei
- 1Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Molecular Sciences & Candidate Optimization, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, USA
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Winer L, Srinivasan D, Chun S, Lacomis D, Jaffa M, Fagan A, Holtzman DM, Wancewicz E, Bennett CF, Bowser R, Cudkowicz M, Miller TM. SOD1 in cerebral spinal fluid as a pharmacodynamic marker for antisense oligonucleotide therapy. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:201-7. [PMID: 23147550 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapies designed to decrease the level of SOD1 are currently in a clinical trial for patients with superoxide dismutase (SOD1)-linked familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). OBJECTIVE To determine whether the SOD1 protein in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) may be a pharmacodynamic marker for antisense oligonucleotide therapy and a disease marker for ALS. DESIGN Antisense oligonucleotides targeting human SOD1 were administered to rats expressing SOD1G93A. The human SOD1 protein levels were measured in the rats' brain and CSF samples. In human CSF samples, the following proteins were measured: SOD1, tau, phosphorylated tau, VILIP-1, and YKL-40. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-three participants with ALS, 88 healthy controls, and 89 controls with a neurological disease (55 with dementia of the Alzheimer type, 19 with multiple sclerosis, and 15 with peripheral neuropathy). RESULTS Antisense oligonucleotide-treated SOD1G93A rats had decreased human SOD1 messenger RNA levels (mean [SD] decrease of 69% [4%]) and decreased protein levels (mean [SD] decrease of 48% [14%]) in the brain. The rats' CSF samples showed a similar decrease in hSOD1 levels (mean [SD] decrease of 42% [14%]). In human CSF samples, the SOD1 levels varied a mean (SD) 7.1% (5.7%) after additional measurements, separated by months, were performed. The CSF SOD1 levels were higher in the participants with ALS (mean [SE] level, 172 [8] ng/mL; P<.05) and the controls with a neurological disease (mean [SE] level, 172 [6] ng/mL; P<.05) than in the healthy controls (mean [SE] level, 134 [4] ng/mL). Elevated CSF SOD1 levels did not correlate with disease characteristics in participants with ALS or controls with dementia of the Alzheimer type, but they did correlate with tau, phosphorylated tau, VILIP-1 and YKL-40 levels in controls with dementia of the Alzheimer type. CONCLUSIONS SOD1 in CSF may be an excellent pharmacodynamic marker for SOD1-lowering therapies because antisense oligonucleotide therapy lowers protein levels in the rat brain and rat CSF samples and because SOD1 levels in CSF samples from humans are stable over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Winer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Bandyopadhyay U, Cotney J, Nagy M, Oh S, Leng J, Mahajan M, Mane S, Fenton WA, Noonan JP, Horwich AL. RNA-Seq profiling of spinal cord motor neurons from a presymptomatic SOD1 ALS mouse. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53575. [PMID: 23301088 PMCID: PMC3536741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms involved with degeneration of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Lou Gehrig's Disease) are poorly understood, but genetically inherited forms, comprising ~10% of the cases, are potentially informative. Recent observations that several inherited forms of ALS involve the RNA binding proteins TDP43 and FUS raise the question as to whether RNA metabolism is generally disturbed in ALS. Here we conduct whole transcriptome profiling of motor neurons from a mouse strain, transgenic for a mutant human SOD1 (G85R SOD1-YFP), that develops symptoms of ALS and paralyzes at 5-6 months of age. Motor neuron cell bodies were laser microdissected from spinal cords at 3 months of age, a time when animals were presymptomatic but showed aggregation of the mutant protein in many lower motor neuron cell bodies and manifested extensive neuromuscular junction morphologic disturbance in their lower extremities. We observed only a small number of transcripts with altered expression levels or splicing in the G85R transgenic compared to age-matched animals of a wild-type SOD1 transgenic strain. Our results indicate that a major disturbance of polyadenylated RNA metabolism does not occur in motor neurons of mutant SOD1 mice, suggesting that the toxicity of the mutant protein lies at the level of translational or post-translational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Justin Cotney
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Maria Nagy
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sunghee Oh
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Milind Mahajan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wayne A. Fenton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - James P. Noonan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Arthur L. Horwich
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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