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Zhang R, Yin H, Yang M, Liu J, Zhen D, Zhang Z. Advanced progress of the relationship between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and cancers. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1862-1873. [PMID: 39248142 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension and cancers are the most common causes of death in humans, as well as common co-diseases among elderly population. Studies have shown that hypertension is associated with carcinogenesis. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a crucial regulatory system of blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte homeostasis, which plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, whose mechanism is relatively clear. Studies have indicated that RAAS also widely exists in cancer tissues of different systems, which can affect the risk of cancers by stimulating cancer angiogenesis, participating in cancer-related oxidative stress, and regulating cancer-related immunity. Therefore, inhibiting RAAS activity seems beneficial to decreasing the risk of cancers. As one of the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs, RAAS inhibitors have been widely used in clinical practice. However, the conclusions of clinical studies on the relationship between RAAS inhibitors and cancers are not entirely consistent, which has been widely concerned by clinicians. The latest findings suggest that while RAAS inhibitors may reduce the risk of digestive cancers, respiratory cancers, urological cancers, gynecological cancers, and skin cancers, ACEIs may increase the risk of lung cancer, endometrial cancer, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. This article comprehensively reviews animal experiments, clinical studies, and meta-analyses on the relationship between RAAS inhibitors and cancers, to provide references for related studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixing Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University
- Department of Heart Center
| | - Hongtao Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mengdi Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Donghu Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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2
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Groves AM, Paris N, Hernady E, Johnston CJ, Aljitawi O, Lee YF, Kerns SL, Marples B. Prevention of Radiation-Induced Bladder Injury: A Murine Study Using Captopril. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:972-982. [PMID: 36400304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pelvic radiation therapy (RT) can cause debilitating bladder toxicities but few clinical interventions exist to prevent injury or alleviate symptoms. From a large genome-wide association study in patients with prostate cancer it was previously reported that SNPs tagging AGT, part of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), correlated with patient-reported late hematuria, identifying a potential targetable pathway to prevent RT-induced bladder injury. To investigate this association, we performed a preclinical study to determine whether RAS modulation protected the bladder against RT injury. METHODS AND MATERIALS C57BL/6 male mice were treated with an oral angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi: 0.3g/L captopril) 5 days before focal bladder X-irradiation with either single dose (SD) 30 Gy or 3 fractions of 8 Gy (8 Gy × 3 in 5 days). RT was delivered using XStrahl SARRP Muriplan CT-image guidance with parallel-opposed lateral beams. ACEi was maintained for 20 weeks post RT. Bladder toxicity was assessed using assays to identify local injury that included urinalysis, functional micturition, bladder-released exosomes, and histopathology, as well as an assessment of systemic changes in inflammatory-mediated circulating immune cells. RESULTS SD and fractionated RT increased urinary frequency and reduced the volume of individual voids at >14 weeks, but not at 4 weeks, compared with nonirradiated animals. Urothelial layer width was positively correlated with mean volume of individual voids (P = .0428) and negatively correlated with number of voids (P = .028), relating urothelial thinning to changes in RT-mediated bladder dysfunction. These chronic RT-induced changes in micturition patterns were prevented by captopril treatment. Focal bladder irradiation significantly increased the mean particle count of urine extracellular vesicles and the monocyte and neutrophil chemokines CCL2 and MIP-2, and the proportions of circulating inflammatory-mediated neutrophils and monocytes, which was also prevented by captopril. Exploratory transcriptomic analysis of bladder tissue implicated inflammatory and erythropoietic pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that systemic modulation of the RAS protected against and alleviated RT-induced late bladder injury but larger confirmatory studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Groves
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Nicole Paris
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Eric Hernady
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Carl J Johnston
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Omar Aljitawi
- Departments of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Yi-Fen Lee
- Departments of Urology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Sarah L Kerns
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Brian Marples
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
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3
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Kerns SL, Williams JP, Marples B. Modeling normal bladder injury after radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1046-1054. [PMID: 36854008 PMCID: PMC10330568 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2182000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For decades, Dr. John Moulder has been a leading radiation biologist and one of the few who consistently supported the study of normal tissue responses to radiation. His meticulous modeling and collaborations across the field have offered a prime example of how research can be taken from the bench to the bedside and back, with the ultimate goal of providing benefit to patients. Much of the focus of John's work was on mitigating damage to the kidney, whether as the result of accidental or deliberate clinical exposures. Following in his footsteps, we offer here a brief overview of work conducted in the field of radiation-induced bladder injury. We then describe our own preclinical experimental studies which originated as a response to reports from a clinical genome-wide association study (GWAS) investigating genomic biomarkers of normal tissue toxicity in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. In particular, we discuss the use of Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) inhibitors as modulators of injury, agents championed by the Moulder group, and how RAS inhibitors are associated with a reduction in some measures of toxicity. Using a murine model, along with precise CT-image guided irradiation of the bladder using single and fractionated dosing regimens, we have been able to demonstrate radiation-induced functional injury to the bladder and mitigation of this functional damage by an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme targeting the RAS, an experimental approach akin to that used by the Moulder group. We consider our scientific trajectory as a bedside-to-bench approach because the observation was made clinically and investigated in a preclinical model; this experimental approach aligns with the exemplary career of Dr. John Moulder. CONCLUSIONS Despite the differences in functional endpoints, recent findings indicate a commonality between bladder late effects and the work in kidney pioneered by Dr. John Moulder. We offer evidence that targeting the RAS pathway may provide a targetable pathway to reducing late bladder toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Kerns
- Department of Department of Radiation Oncology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jacqueline P. Williams
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brian Marples
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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4
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Kidoguchi S, Sugano N, Yokoo T, Kaneko H, Akazawa H, Mukai M, Node K, Yano Y, Nishiyama A. Antihypertensive Drugs and Cancer Risk. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:767-783. [PMID: 35595533 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent comorbidity in cancer patients. Consequently, many cancer patients are prescribed antihypertensive drugs before cancer diagnosis or during cancer treatment. However, whether antihypertensive drugs affect the incidence, treatment efficacy, or prognosis of cancer remains unanswered. For instance, renin-angiotensin and β-adrenergic signaling may be involved not only in blood pressure elevation but also in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue invasion. Therefore, the inhibition of these pathways may have beneficial effects on cancer prevention or treatment. In this article, we reviewed several studies regarding antihypertensive drugs and cancer. In particular, we focused on the results of clinical trials to evaluate whether the use of antihypertensive drugs affects future cancer risk and prognosis. Unfortunately, the results are somewhat inconsistent, and evidence demonstrating the effect of antihypertensive drugs remains limited. We indicate that the heterogeneity in the study designs makes it difficult to clarify the causal relationship between antihypertensive drugs and cancer. We also propose that additional experimental studies, including research with induced pluripotent cells derived from cancer patients, single-cell analyses of cancer cell clusters, and clinical studies using artificial intelligence electronic health record systems, might be helpful to reveal the precise association between antihypertensive drugs and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kidoguchi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugano
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kaneko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Mukai
- Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Check-up, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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5
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Inhibition of angiotensin pathway via valsartan reduces tumor growth in models of colorectal cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 440:115951. [PMID: 35235860 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Kilmister EJ, Tan ST. The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in the Cancer Stem Cell Niche. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:835-847. [PMID: 34165363 PMCID: PMC8647629 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211026295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive metastasis, treatment resistance, and tumor recurrence. CSCs reside within a niche, an anatomically distinct site within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that consists of malignant and non-malignant cells, including immune cells. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a critical regulator of stem cells and key developmental processes, plays a vital role in the TME. Non-malignant cells within the CSC niche and stem cell signaling pathways such as the Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways influence CSCs. Components of the RAS and cathepsins B and D that constitute bypass loops of the RAS are expressed on CSCs in many cancer types. There is extensive in vitro and in vivo evidence showing that RAS inhibition reduces tumor growth, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. However, there is inconsistent epidemiological data on the effect of RAS inhibitors on cancer incidence and survival outcomes, attributed to different patient characteristics and methodologies used between studies. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to investigate the precise effects of the RAS on CSCs directly and/or the CSC niche. Targeting the RAS, its bypass loops, and convergent signaling pathways participating in the TME and other key stem cell pathways that regulate CSCs may be a novel approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swee T. Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington,
New Zealand
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and
Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, The University of
Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Avsar T, Yigit BN, Turan G, Altunsu D, Calis S, Kurt B, Kilic T, Yavuz Ergun M, Durdagi S, Acar M. Development of imidazolone based angiotensin II receptor type I inhibitor small molecule as a chemotherapeutic agent for cell cycle inhibition. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1954098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timucin Avsar
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berfu Nur Yigit
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Turan
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Altunsu
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyma Calis
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Kurt
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turker Kilic
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Yavuz Ergun
- Department of Chemistry, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melih Acar
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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ÖztÜrk N, Kara A, Vural İ. Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Telmisartan Nanoparticles Prepared by Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation Technique. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:492-499. [PMID: 33177929 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.76402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Telmisartan (TLM) is an antihypertensive drug that has been shown to have antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. It has low solubility and suboptimal oral bioavailability. To investigate the potential anticancer effect of TLM on breast cancer cells, poly (D, L-lactide) (PLA) nanoparticles were formulated with the benefit of improving its solubility. Materials and Methods TLM-loaded PLA nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation. The effects of sonication time and polymer:drug ratio on nanoparticle size and drug encapsulation were investigated. TLM-loaded nanoparticles were tested against MCF-7 and MD-AMB-231 breast cancer cell lines for antiproliferative effects. Results Nanoparticles with mean particle size 272 nm and 79% encapsulation efficiency were obtained. Sustained release TLM nanoparticles (40% in 24 h) decreased cell viability to 45% for MCF-7 cells at 72 h, even at the lowest TLM concentration, indicating better anticancer efficiency than TLM solution. Conclusion TLM nanoparticles could be potential anticancer agents for breast cancer and deserve further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naile ÖztÜrk
- İnönü University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Aslı Kara
- Hitit University Sungurlu Vocational High School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Çorum, Turkey
| | - İmran Vural
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Evaluating the benefits of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors as cancer treatments. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107527. [PMID: 32173557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most diverse group of cellular membrane receptors identified and characterized. It is estimated that 30 to 50% of marketed drugs target these receptors. The angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) is a GPCR which signals in response to systemic alterations of the peptide hormone angiotensin II (AngII) in circulation. The enzyme responsible for converting AngI to AngII is the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Specific inhibitors for the AT1R (more commonly known as AT1R blockers or antagonists) and ACE are well characterized for their effects on the cardiovascular system. Combined with the extensive clinical data available on patient tolerance of AT1R blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), as well as their non-classical roles in cancer, the notion of repurposing this class of medications as cancer treatment(s) is explored in the current review. Given that AngII-dependent AT1R activity directly regulates angiogenesis, remodeling of vasculature, pro-inflammatory responses, stem cell programming and hematopoiesis, and electrolyte balance; the modulation of these processes with pharmacologically well characterized medications could present a valuable complementary treatment option for cancer patients.
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10
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Santala EEE, Rannikko A, Murtola TJ. Antihypertensive drugs and prostate cancer survival after radical prostatectomy in Finland—A nationwide cohort study. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:440-447. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eerik EE Santala
- Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversity of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Department of UrologyHelsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Teemu J Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversity of Tampere Tampere Finland
- Department of UrologyTampere University Hospital Tampere Finland
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11
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Abstract
Background We previously reported high expression of vasohibin-1 (VASH1), which is specifically expressed in activated vascular endothelial cells, was a prognostic indicator of disease progression in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to assess whether VASH1 expression at the area of normal prostatic tissue as well as that of intratumoral tissue could reflect the grade of malignancy of prostate cancer. Results Pathological upgrade of Gleason Score ≥7 by radical prostatectomy was observed in 48 patients (upgraded group). The median VASH1 densities of the intratumoral and normal areas were 9.7 ± 9.5 and 13.3 ± 11.8, respectively, and the median MVDs were 58.6 ± 20.3 and 64.1 ± 23.5, respectively. We detected a strong positive correlation with each other for both VASH1 density (ρ = 0.589, p < 0.001) and MVD (ρ = 0.342, p < 0.001). VASH1 density was significantly higher in the upgreaded group than in the non-upgraded group regardless of prostatic location (intratumoral area: p < 0.001, normal area: p < 0.001). Conclusions Even if the tumor volume was low in biopsy samples, VASH1 density reflected the grade of malignancy throughout the prostate. These results suggested that VASH1 expression could be a novel microenvironmental biomarker for patient risk reclassification in low-risk prostate cancer. Materials and Methods Among the 1177 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, 104 patients diagnosed with Gleason Score ≤6 and positive cores ≤3 were included. We immunohistochemically examined the microvessels positive for anti-CD34 as microvessel density (MVD), and those with activated endothelial cells as VASH1 density using prostatic biopsy samples, and evaluated the association between their expressions and clinicopathological findings.
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12
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Coulson R, Liew SH, Connelly AA, Yee NS, Deb S, Kumar B, Vargas AC, O'Toole SA, Parslow AC, Poh A, Putoczki T, Morrow RJ, Alorro M, Lazarus KA, Yeap EFW, Walton KL, Harrison CA, Hannan NJ, George AJ, Clyne CD, Ernst M, Allen AM, Chand AL. The angiotensin receptor blocker, Losartan, inhibits mammary tumor development and progression to invasive carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18640-18656. [PMID: 28416734 PMCID: PMC5386636 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs that target the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) have recently come into focus for their potential utility as cancer treatments. The use of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (ACEIs) to manage hypertension in cancer patients is correlated with improved survival outcomes for renal, prostate, breast and small cell lung cancer. Previous studies demonstrate that the Angiotensin Receptor Type I (AT1R) is linked to breast cancer pathogenesis, with unbiased analysis of gene-expression studies identifying significant up-regulation of AGTR1, the gene encoding AT1R in ER+ve/HER2−ve tumors correlating with poor prognosis. However, there is no evidence, so far, of the functional contribution of AT1R to breast tumorigenesis. We explored the potential therapeutic benefit of ARB in a carcinogen-induced mouse model of breast cancer and clarified the mechanisms associated with its success. Mammary tumors were induced with 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]antracene (DMBA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in female wild type mice and the effects of the ARB, Losartan treatment assessed in a preventative setting (n = 15 per group). Tumor histopathology was characterised by immunohistochemistry, real-time qPCR to detect gene expression signatures, and tumor cytokine levels measured with quantitative bioplex assays. AT1R was detected with radiolabelled ligand binding assays in fresh frozen tumor samples. We showed that therapeutic inhibition of AT1R, with Losartan, resulted in a significant reduction in tumor burden; and no mammary tumor incidence in 20% of animals. We observed a significant reduction in tumor progression from DCIS to invasive cancer with Losartan treatment. This was associated with reduced tumor cell proliferation and a significant reduction in IL-6, pSTAT3 and TNFα levels. Analysis of tumor immune cell infiltrates, however, demonstrated no significant differences in the recruitment of lymphocytes or tumour-associated macrophages in Losartan or vehicle-treated mammary tumors. Analysis of AT1R expression with radiolabelled ligand binding assays in human breast cancer biopsies showed high AT1R levels in 30% of invasive ductal carcinomas analysed. Furthermore, analysis of the TCGA database identified that high AT1R expression to be associated with luminal breast cancer subtype. Our in vivo data and analysis of human invasive ductal carcinoma samples identify the AT1R is a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer, with the availability of a range of well-tolerated inhibitors currently used in clinics. We describe a novel signalling pathway critical in breast tumorigenesis, that may provide new therapeutic avenues to complement current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Coulson
- Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Translational Breast Cancer Research, Garvan Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seng H Liew
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas S Yee
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Siddhartha Deb
- Anatomical Pathology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Beena Kumar
- Anatomical Pathology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ana C Vargas
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra A O'Toole
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Australia.,Translational Breast Cancer Research, Garvan Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam C Parslow
- Tumor Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Poh
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracy Putoczki
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
| | - Riley J Morrow
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Mariah Alorro
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyren A Lazarus
- Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evie F W Yeap
- Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly L Walton
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig A Harrison
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie J Hannan
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Amee J George
- The ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Colin D Clyne
- Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Allen
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashwini L Chand
- Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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13
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Nieto Gutierrez A, McDonald PH. GPCRs: Emerging anti-cancer drug targets. Cell Signal 2017; 41:65-74. [PMID: 28931490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest and most diverse protein family in the human genome with over 800 members identified to date. They play critical roles in numerous cellular and physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, neurotransmission, development and apoptosis. Consequently, aberrant receptor activity has been demonstrated in numerous disorders/diseases, and as a result GPCRs have become the most successful drug target class in pharmaceuticals treating a wide variety of indications such as pain, inflammation, neurobiological and metabolic disorders. Many independent studies have also demonstrated a key role for GPCRs in tumourigenesis, establishing their involvement in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Given the growing appreciation of the role(s) that GPCRs play in cancer pathogenesis, it is surprising to note that very few GPCRs have been effectively exploited in pursuit of anti-cancer therapies. The present review provides a broad overview of the roles that various GPCRs play in cancer growth and development, highlighting the potential of pharmacologically modulating these receptors for the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Nieto Gutierrez
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
| | - Patricia H McDonald
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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14
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Pei N, Mao Y, Wan P, Chen X, Li A, Chen H, Li J, Wan R, Zhang Y, Du H, Chen B, Jiang G, Xia M, Sumners C, Hu G, Gu D, Li H. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor promotes apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis in bladder cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:77. [PMID: 28599664 PMCID: PMC5466725 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BCa) is the ninth most common form of cancer in the world. There is a continuing need not only for improving the accuracy of diagnostic markers but also for the development of new treatment strategies. Recent studies have shown that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which include the angiotensin type 1 (AT1R), type 2(AT2R), and Mas receptors, play an important role in tumorigenesis and may guide us in meeting those needs. Results In this study, we first observed that AT1R and Mas expression levels were significantly upregulated in BCa specimens while AT2R was significantly downregulated. Viral vector mediated overexpression of AT2R induced apoptosis and dramatically suppressed BCa cell proliferation in vitro, suggesting a therapeutic effect. Investigation into the mechanism revealed that the overexpression of AT2R increases the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, and p38 and decreases the expression level of pErk. AT2R overexpression also leads to upregulation of 2 apoptosis-related genes (BCL2A1, TNFSF25) and downregulation of 8 apoptosis-related genes (CASP 6, CASP 9, DFFA, IGF1R, PYCARD, TNF, TNFRSF21, TNFSF10, NAIP) in transduced EJ cells as determined by PCR Array analysis. In vivo, we observed that AT2R overexpression caused significant reduction in xenograft tumors sizes by downregulation VEGF and induction of apoptosis. Conclusions Taken together, the data suggest that AT1R, AT2R or Mas could be used as a diagnostic marker of BCa and AT2R is a promising novel target gene for BCa gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Pei
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yingying Mao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Pengfei Wan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xinglu Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Andrew Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Huiying Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Renqiang Wan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Hongyan Du
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Baihong Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Guangyu Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghan Xia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guixue Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Department of Urology, the 421 St Hospital of PLA, No. 350, Xinggang Rd, Haizhu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510318, China.
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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15
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Li J, Qiu M, Chen L, Liu L, Tan G, Liu J. Resveratrol promotes regression of renal carcinoma cells via a renin-angiotensin system suppression-dependent mechanism. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:613-620. [PMID: 28356937 PMCID: PMC5351218 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on renal carcinoma cells and explore possible renin-angiotensin system-associated mechanisms. Subsequent to resveratrol treatment, the cell viability, apoptosis rate, cytotoxicity levels, caspase 3/7 activity and the levels of angiotensin II (AngII), AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were evaluated in renal carcinoma cells. The effects of AngII, AT1R, VEGF and COX-2 on resveratrol-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis were also examined. The results indicated that resveratrol treatment may suppress growth, induce apoptosis, and decrease AngII, AT1R, VEGF and COX-2 levels in renal carcinoma ACHN and A498 cells. In addition, resveratrol-induced cell growth suppression and apoptosis were reversed when co-culturing with AT1R or VEGF. Thus, resveratrol may suppress renal carcinoma cell proliferation and induce apoptosis via an AT1R/VEGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Li
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Mingning Qiu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Lieqian Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Guobin Tan
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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16
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Sun H, Li T, Zhuang R, Cai W, Zheng Y. Do renin-angiotensin system inhibitors influence the recurrence, metastasis, and survival in cancer patients?: Evidence from a meta-analysis including 55 studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6394. [PMID: 28353566 PMCID: PMC5380250 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS inhibitors) are antihypertensive agents with potential antitumor effects. However, various studies have yielded conflicting results on the influence of RAS inhibitors on survival of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of RAS inhibitors on recurrence, metastasis, and survival in cancer patients through a meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to December 2016. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to evaluate the association between RAS inhibitors and recurrence, metastasis, and survival in cancer patients. RESULTS Fifty-five eligible studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Results showed that there were significant improvements in overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.77-0.88; P < 0.001), progression-free survival (HR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.66-0.84; P < 0.001), and disease-free survival (HR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67-0.95; P = 0.01) in RAS inhibitor users compared with nonusers. Subgroup analyses revealed that the effect of RAS inhibitors on OS depended on the cancer type or different RAS inhibitors. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that RAS inhibitors could improve the survival of cancer patients and depend on cancer type and types of RAS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy
| | | | - Weimin Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Derosa L, Izzedine H, Albiges L, Escudier B. Hypertension and Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Oncol Rev 2016; 10:298. [PMID: 27994768 PMCID: PMC5136757 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2016.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (HTN) is a class effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, including the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab. Data are conflicting regarding the role of the renin-angiotensin system on angiogenesis and recent data suggest that the use of angiotensin system inhibitors (ASIs; angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) is associated with improved survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), particularly when used with VEGF targeted therapies. The aim of this review is to discuss the available treatment options for mRCC and associated incidence of hypertension as well as summarize the known data about ASIs use and mRCC. Additionally, given that the optimal management of HTN remains unclear, we will focus on prevention strategies and propose potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Derosa
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Hassane Izzedine
- Department of Nephrology and Pathology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Albiges
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Bernard Escudier
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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18
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Nguyen L, Ager EI, Neo J, Christophi C. Regulation of colorectal cancer cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition by the renin angiotensin system. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:1773-1782. [PMID: 26849969 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in tumor progression. We aimed to determine if the renin angiotensin system has a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell EMT. METHODS Human CRC cell lines DLD-1 and LIM2405 were used in wound scratch migration assays where they were treated with renin angiotensin system peptide ANG II alone or with blockers of ANG II type 1 or 2 receptors (AT1R and AT2R). Levels of epithelial (E-cadherin), mesenchymal (ZEB1, Vimentin) markers, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and MMP9 were determined by flow cytometry. Mice bearing CRC liver metastases and treated with blockers for AT1R or AT2R were examined for ZEB1 and iNOS by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS ANG II increased in-vitro CRC cell migration in both cell lines, this was inhibited by AT1R (IRB) or AT2R blockade (PD123319). DLD-1 cells treated with AT1R blocker resulted in increased E-cadherin, reduced ZEB1, and Vimentin expression compared with ANG II-treated cells. Treatment with AT2R blocker decreased E-cadherin, no change in ZEB1 or Vimentin expression. AT1R blockade increased iNOS and decreased MMP9 expression in DLD-1 and LIM2405 cells. AT2R blockade decreased iNOS and MMP9 expression in both cell lines. In vivo, ZEB1 staining was higher in ANG II-treated animals compared with control and AT1R blockade treated animals, while activation of the AT2R led to an increase in iNOS compared with control and AT1R blockade. CONCLUSIONS ANG II-induced migration of CRC cells via both AT1 and AT2 receptors; the AT1R-mediated effects were associated with changes typical of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Eleanor I Ager
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jaclyn Neo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Christophi
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Liu HY, Yu X, Liu H, Wu D, She JX. Co-targeting EGFR and survivin with a bivalent aptamer-dual siRNA chimera effectively suppresses prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30346. [PMID: 27456457 PMCID: PMC4960556 DOI: 10.1038/srep30346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current targeted therapies using small kinase inhibitors and antibodies have limited efficacy in treating prostate cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer death in American men. We have developed a novel strategy by engineering an RNA-based aptamer-siRNA chimera, in which a bivalent aptamer specifically binds prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) via an antibody-like structure to promote siRNA internalization in PCa cells, and two siRNAs specific to EGFR and survivin are fused between two aptamers. The chimera is able to inhibit EGFR and survivin simultaneously and induce apoptosis effectively in vitro and in vivo. In the C4-2 PCa xenograft model, the treatment with the chimera significantly suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis. The inhibition of angiogenesis is mediated by an EGFR-HIF1α-VEGF-dependent mechanism. Our results support that the bivalent aptamer-driven delivery of two siRNAs could be a new combination therapeutic strategy to effectively inhibit multiple and conventionally "undruggable" targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yan Liu
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA,
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Haitao Liu
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Daqing Wu
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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20
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Oh E, Kim JY, Cho Y, An H, Lee N, Jo H, Ban C, Seo JH. Overexpression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in breast cancer cells induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1071-81. [PMID: 26975580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The angiotensin II type I receptor (AGTR1) has been implicated in diverse aspects of human disease, from the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis to cancer progression. We sought to investigate the role of AGTR1 in cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, invasion, angiogenesis and tumor growth in the breast cancer cell line MCF7. Stable overexpression of AGTR1 was associated with accelerated cell proliferation, concomitant with increased expression of survival factors including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. AGTR1-overexpressing MCF7 cells were more aggressive than their parent line, with significantly increased activity in migration and invasion assays. These observations were associated with changes in EMT markers, including reduced E-cadherin expression and increased p-Smad3, Smad4 and Snail levels. Treatment with the AGTR1 antagonist losartan attenuated these effects. AGTR1 overexpression also accelerated tumor growth and increased Ki-67 expression in a xenograft model. This was associated with increased tumor angiogenesis, as evidenced by a significant increase in microvessels in the intratumoral and peritumoral areas, and enhanced tumor invasion, with the latter response associated with increased EMT marker expression and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) upregulation. In vivo administration of losartan significantly reduced both tumor growth and angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that AGTR1 plays a significant role in tumor aggressiveness, and its inhibition may have therapeutic implications.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- Losartan/pharmacology
- MCF-7 Cells
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Smad4 Protein/genetics
- Smad4 Protein/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Oh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkwan Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook An
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunho Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Changill Ban
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Li J, Luo J, Gu D, Jie F, Pei N, Li A, Chen X, Zhang Y, Du H, Chen B, Gu W, Sumners C, Li H. Adenovirus-Mediated Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Overexpression Inhibits Tumor Growth of Prostate Cancer In Vivo. J Cancer 2016; 7:184-91. [PMID: 26819642 PMCID: PMC4716851 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays important roles in tumorigenesis and is involved with several hallmarks of cancer. Evidence shows that angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers may be associated with improved outcome in prostate cancer patients. Furthermore, our previous studies indicate that increased expression of Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R) alone induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer lines, an effect that did not require Ang II. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AT2R on tumor growth in vivo and we hypothesized that AT2R over-expression would inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in vivo. Human prostate cancer DU145 xenograft mouse model was used to assess the effect of AT2R on tumor growth in vivo. Mice bearing a palpable tumor were chosen and divided randomly into three treatment groups: AT2R, GFP, and PBS. Then we directly injected into the xenograft tumors of the mice every three days with recombinant adenoviruses encoding AT2R (Ad5-CMV-AT2R-EGFP), EGFP (Ad5-CMV-EGFP) and PBS, respectively. The tumor sizes of the tumor bearing mice were then measured. Immunohistochemical Ki-67 staining and TUNEL assay were performed to examine the inhibitory effect of AT2R on tumor cell proliferation. The results showed that AT2R overexpression can inhibit tumor growth of prostate cancer in vivo by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. GADD45A is involved in the AT2R-induced antitumor activity. This suggests that AT2R is a potentially useful gene for prostate gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- 1. School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Luo
- 1. School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- 5. Department of Urology, the 421st Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feilong Jie
- 1. School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nana Pei
- 6. Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Andrew Li
- 3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Xinglu Chen
- 1. School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- 1. School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyan Du
- 1. School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baihong Chen
- 1. School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwang Gu
- 2. Institute of Comparative Medicine and Center of Laboratory Animals, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Colin Sumners
- 4. Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and
| | - Hongwei Li
- 1. School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Blute ML, Rushmer TJ, Shi F, Fuller BJ, Abel EJ, Jarrard DF, Downs TM. Renin-Angiotensin Inhibitors Decrease Recurrence after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor in Patients with Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. J Urol 2015; 194:1214-9. [PMID: 26173101 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior reports suggest that renin-angiotensin system inhibition may decrease nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence. We evaluated whether angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker treatment at initial surgery was associated with decreased recurrence or progression in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using an institutional bladder cancer database we identified 340 patients with data available on initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Progression was defined as an increase to stage T2. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations with recurrence-free and progression-free survival. RESULTS Median patient age was 69.6 years. During a median followup of 3 years (IQR 1.3-6.1) 200 patients (59%) had recurrence and 14 (4.1%) had stage progression. Of those patients 143 were receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers at the time of the first transurethral resection. On univariate analysis factors associated with improved recurrence-free survival included carcinoma in situ (p = 0.040), bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy (p = 0.003) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy (p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.47-0.87, p = 0.002) or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45-0.84, p = 0.005) were less likely to experience tumor recurrence. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 45.6% for patients treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers and 28.1% in those not treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers (p = 0.009). Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer pathology (Ta, T1 and carcinoma in situ) in 85 patients on bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy alone and in 52 in whom it was combined with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin alone (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.01-4.77, p = 0.04) showed worse recurrence-free survival compared to patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (stage Ta HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.98, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system is associated with improved outcomes in patients with bladder cancer. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor administration in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer cases should be studied in a prospective randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Blute
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Timothy J Rushmer
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Benjamin J Fuller
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - E Jason Abel
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David F Jarrard
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tracy M Downs
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Izzedine H, Derosa L, Le Teuff G, Albiges L, Escudier B. Hypertension and angiotensin system inhibitors: impact on outcome in sunitinib-treated patients for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1128-1133. [PMID: 25795198 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the association between hypertension (HTN), angiotensin system inhibitors (ASI) use and survival outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with sunitinib (SU). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients with mRCC who received SU as first-line treatment in Gustave Roussy from April 2004 to November 2013. The HTN (either pre-existing or secondary to SU), use of ASI (either before or during SU) were analysed. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of different exposures were compared with log-rank test. The associations between exposures and survival outcomes were estimated with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) through a multivariable Cox model adjusted for age, gender, International mRCC Database Consortium risk group and histology. RESULTS Among 213 patients with a 3.6-year median follow-up, 134 were hypertensive and 105 were ASI users with a significant association between the two exposures (P < 0.0001). Hypertensive patients have longer OS (median: 41.6 versus 16.4 months, P < 0.0001) and longer PFS (median: 12.9 versus 5.6 months, P < 0.0001) than non-hypertensive patients (n = 79). ASI users (n = 105) had more HTN_PRE compared with those (n = 108) who did not (65% versus 19%, P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that hypertensive patients were significantly associated with OS (P = 0.05) and marginally with PFS (P = 0.06) while ASI intake was significantly associated with better OS [HR = 0.40; 95% CI (0.24-0.66), P < 0.001] and PFS [HR = 0.55 (0.35-0.86), P = 0.009]. The latter remain statistically significantly associated after controlling for the number of metastases. There is no difference on outcome between patients who receive ASI before starting SU and those who received ASI during SU treatment. CONCLUSION Concomitant use of ASI may significantly improve OS and PFS in mRCC patients receiving SU. HTN is marginally associated with the outcome in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Izzedine
- Department of Nephrology, Monceau Park International Clinic, Paris.
| | - L Derosa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Le Teuff
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - L Albiges
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - B Escudier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Miyajima A, Kosaka T, Kikuchi E, Oya M. Renin-angiotensin system blockade: Its contribution and controversy. Int J Urol 2015; 22:721-30. [PMID: 26032599 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II is a key biological peptide in the renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure and renal hemodynamics, and extensive experimental studies have shown that angiotensin II promotes diverse fibrotic changes and induces neovascularization in several inflammatory diseases. It is known that angiotensin II can be controlled using renin-angiotensin system blockade when angiotensin II is the main factor inducing a particular disease, and renin-angiotensin system blockade has assumed a central role in the treatment of inflammatory nephritis, cardiovascular disorders and retinopathy. In contrast, renin-angiotensin system blockade was found to have not only these effects but also other functions, such as inhibition of cancer growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Numerous studies have sought to elucidate the mechanisms and support these antitumor effects. However, a recent meta-analysis showed that renin-angiotensin system blockade use might in fact increase the incidence of cancer, so renin-angiotensin system blockade use has become somewhat controversial. Although the renin-angiotensin system has most certainly made great contributions to experimental models and clinical practice, some issues still need to be resolved. The present review discusses the contribution and controversy surrounding the renin-angiotensin system up to the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Miyajima
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kikuchi
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Papanagnou P, Baltopoulos P, Tsironi M. Marketed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antihypertensives, and human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors: as-yet-unused weapons of the oncologists' arsenal. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:807-19. [PMID: 26056460 PMCID: PMC4445694 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s82049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data indicate that several pharmacological agents that have long been used for the management of various diseases unrelated to cancer exhibit profound in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. This is of major clinical importance, since it would possibly aid in reassessing the therapeutic use of currently used agents for which clinicians already have experience. Further, this would obviate the time-consuming process required for the development and the approval of novel antineoplastic drugs. Herein, both pre-clinical and clinical data concerning the antineoplastic function of distinct commercially available pharmacological agents that are not currently used in the field of oncology, ie, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihypertensive agents, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus agents inhibiting viral protease, are reviewed. The aim is to provide integrated information regarding not only the molecular basis of the antitumor function of these agents but also the applicability of the reevaluation of their therapeutic range in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Papanagnou
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Baltopoulos
- Department of Sports Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsironi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
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Azevedo H, Fujita A, Bando SY, Iamashita P, Moreira-Filho CA. Transcriptional network analysis reveals that AT1 and AT2 angiotensin II receptors are both involved in the regulation of genes essential for glioma progression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110934. [PMID: 25365520 PMCID: PMC4217762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are aggressive primary brain tumors with high infiltrative potential. The expression of Angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors has been associated with poor prognosis in human astrocytomas, the most common type of glioma. In this study, we investigated the role of Angiotensin II in glioma malignancy through transcriptional profiling and network analysis of cultured C6 rat glioma cells exposed to Ang II and to inhibitors of its membrane receptor subtypes. C6 cells were treated with Ang II and specific antagonists of AT1 and AT2 receptors. Total RNA was isolated after three and six hours of Ang II treatment and analyzed by oligonucleotide microarray technology. Gene expression data was evaluated through transcriptional network modeling to identify how differentially expressed (DE) genes are connected to each other. Moreover, other genes co-expressing with the DE genes were considered in these analyses in order to support the identification of enriched functions and pathways. A hub-based network analysis showed that the most connected nodes in Ang II-related networks exert functions associated with cell proliferation, migration and invasion, key aspects for glioma progression. The subsequent functional enrichment analysis of these central genes highlighted their participation in signaling pathways that are frequently deregulated in gliomas such as ErbB, MAPK and p53. Noteworthy, either AT1 or AT2 inhibitions were able to down-regulate different sets of hub genes involved in protumoral functions, suggesting that both Ang II receptors could be therapeutic targets for intervention in glioma. Taken together, our results point out multiple actions of Ang II in glioma pathogenesis and reveal the participation of both Ang II receptors in the regulation of genes relevant for glioma progression. This study is the first one to provide systems-level molecular data for better understanding the protumoral effects of Ang II in the proliferative and infiltrative behavior of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hátylas Azevedo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Fujita
- Department of Computer Science, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Yumi Bando
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Iamashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Moreira-Filho
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Effect of angiotensin receptor blockade on prevention and reversion of tamoxifen-resistant phenotype in MCF-7 cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:893-900. [PMID: 25304158 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a standard adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients, but innate or acquired TAM resistance has remained to be a therapeutic challenge for clinicians. The aim of this study was to explore the possible participation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the acquisition of TAM resistance and try to prevent and regress the resistance using an angiotensin II receptor type-1 (AGTR1) blocker, losartan. Establishment of TAM-resistant (TAM-R) cells was accomplished by continuous exposure of MCF-7 cells to 1 μmol/L TAM. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was performed to determine cell growth. Moreover, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of AGTR1 and angiotensin II receptor type-2 (AGTR2) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A significant increase of AGTR1 and AGTR2 transcripts was observed in TAM-R cells compared to MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, losartan-TAM combination effectively resensitized TAM-R cells to tamoxifen treatment by inducing cell death. Therefore, our findings suggest an important role of RAS in acquired TAM resistance and targeting of RAS by losartan may overcome TAM resistance phenomenon and provide a novel avenue for treatment of resistant breast cancers.
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Fendrich V, Lopez CL, Manoharan J, Maschuw K, Wichmann S, Baier A, Holler JP, Ramaswamy A, Bartsch DK, Waldmann J. Enalapril and ASS inhibit tumor growth in a transgenic mouse model of islet cell tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:813-24. [PMID: 25121552 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a role for angiotensin-converting enzymes involving the angiotensin II-receptor 1 (AT1-R) and the cyclooxygenase pathway in carcinogenesis. The effects of ASS and enalapril were assessed in vitro and in a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs). The effects of enalapril and ASS on proliferation and expression of the AGTR1A and its target gene vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegfa) were assessed in the neuroendocrine cell line BON1. Rip1-Tag2 mice were treated daily with either 0.6 mg/kg bodyweight of enalapril i.p., 20 mg/kg bodyweight of ASS i.p., or a vehicle in a prevention (weeks 5-12) and a survival group (week 5 till death). Tumor surface, weight of pancreatic glands, immunostaining for AT1-R and nuclear factor kappa beta (NFKB), and mice survival were analyzed. In addition, sections from human specimens of 20 insulinomas, ten gastrinomas, and 12 non-functional pNENs were evaluated for AT1-R and NFKB (NFKB1) expression and grouped according to the current WHO classification. Proliferation was significantly inhibited by enalapril and ASS in BON1 cells, with the combination being the most effective. Treatment with enalapril and ASS led to significant downregulation of known target genes Vegf and Rela at RNA level. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited by enalapril and ASS in the prevention group displayed by a reduction of tumor size (84%/67%) and number (30%/45%). Furthermore, daily treatment with enalapril and ASS prolonged the overall median survival compared with vehicle-treated Rip1-Tag2 (107 days) mice by 9 and 17 days (P=0.016 and P=0.013). The AT1-R and the inflammatory transcription factor NFKB were abolished completely upon enalapril and ASS treatment. AT1-R and NFKB expressions were observed in 80% of human pNENs. Enalapril and ASS may provide an approach for chemoprevention and treatment of pNENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fendrich
- Department of General SurgeryEndocrine Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - C L Lopez
- Department of General SurgeryEndocrine Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - J Manoharan
- Department of General SurgeryEndocrine Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - K Maschuw
- Department of General SurgeryEndocrine Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Wichmann
- Department of General SurgeryEndocrine Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Baier
- Department of General SurgeryEndocrine Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - J P Holler
- Department of General SurgeryEndocrine Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Ramaswamy
- Department of General SurgeryEndocrine Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - D K Bartsch
- Department of General SurgeryEndocrine Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - J Waldmann
- Department of General SurgeryEndocrine Center, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of General SurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany
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Kosaka T, Miyajima A, Oya M. Is DHT Production by 5α-Reductase Friend or Foe in Prostate Cancer? Front Oncol 2014; 4:247. [PMID: 25279351 PMCID: PMC4165281 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The first advance in the history of studies on prostate cancer (PCa) and androgens was the development of treatment with castration and administration of estrogen by Charles B. Huggins, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. Since then, and for 70 years, androgen deprivation therapy has been the standard therapy for advanced PCa and the center of studies on PCa. However, recent advances have shed light on the relationship between androgens and the development or the progression of PCa. The use of 5AR inhibitors to prevent progression of PCa continues to be widely discussed. Discussion has been fueled by the findings of two large randomized, placebo-controlled trials: the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial with finasteride and the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events trial. Does the development of PCa or progression to castration-resistant PCa depend on dihydrotestosterone (DHT)? Here, we summarize and discuss recent topics of local androgen production of DHT in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Miyajima
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Link WT, De Felice A. An FDA overview of rodent carcinogenicity studies of angiotensin II AT-1 receptor blockers: pulmonary adenomas and carcinomas. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:555-63. [PMID: 25223563 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sipahi et al. (2010) performed a meta-analysis of 5 clinical trials (n=68,402) of 3 Angiotensin II (AngII) receptor subtype AT-1 blockers (ARBs) in cardiovascular disease. It revealed excess new lung cancer diagnoses in the cohorts treated with an ARB and background therapy (0.9% vs. 0.7% in non-ARB control; RR: 1.25; CI: 1.05-1.49; p=0.01). The FDA responded with a larger meta-analysis of 31 clinical trials (n=155,816) of ARBs that found no evidence of any excess of site-specific cancer (lung, breast, prostate), solid/skin cancer or cancer death (FDA safety communication, 3 June 2011). The FDA then re-visited the 19 rodent carcinogenicity assays of 9 ARBs, starting with those for Losartan in 1994, for any evidence of dosage-related lung tumorigenicity in this class. Assays were performed in 5 strains of rats and 5 strains of wild-type and transgenic mice per protocols and dosages sanctioned by FDA's executive carcinogenicity assessment committee (eCAC). Duration was lifetime except for 26-week assays of azilsartan and olmesartan in transgenic Tg rasH2 mice, and an assay of olmesartan in p53(+/-) transgenic mice. The dosages provided exposures approximating, and in most cases up to 20-300times greater than, that in patients. Depending on strain, up to 35% of untreated mice spontaneously developed lung tumors. Regression analysis of placebo-corrected mouse lung tumor incidence collapsed across strains, gender, and ARBs vs. multiples of human exposure revealed no excess lung neoplasia. The R(2) of <0.001 reflected the virtually identical number of treated cohorts with more tumors than its control cohort vs. those with less. Regardless of strain, both control and medicated rats were essentially devoid of lung tumors in the lifetime trials. Accordingly, there was neither promotion of background lung tumors in the mouse, nor initiation of de novo lung tumors in the rat. The negative lung findings in the mouse Tg rasH2 strain are also noteworthy given that, historically, the most prevalent spontaneous tumors in 26week trials in that model are lung adenomas and carcinomas. The negative results of the 19, mostly lifetime, assays for cancer viewed en masse add to the results of the meta-analysis of the shorter clinical trials of ARBs that were benign regardless of statistical method used (random vs. fixed effect), comparator arm (with or without ACE-inhibitors) and major co-factors (smoking or cancer history).
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Link
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
| | - Albert De Felice
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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Alhusban A, Al-Azayzih A, Goc A, Gao F, Fagan SC, Somanath PR. Clinically relevant doses of candesartan inhibit growth of prostate tumor xenografts in vivo through modulation of tumor angiogenesis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:635-45. [PMID: 24990940 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.216382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II receptor type 1 blockers (ARBs), widely used antihypertensive drugs, have also been investigated for their anticancer effects. The effect of ARBs on prostate cancer in experimental models compared with meta-analysis data from clinical trials is conflicting. Whereas this discrepancy might be due to the use of supratherapeutic doses of ARBs in cellular and animal models as compared with the clinical doses used in human trials, further investigation of the effects of clinical doses of ARBs on prostate cancer in experimental models is warranted. In the current study, we sought to determine the effects of candesartan on prostate cancer cellular function in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, and characterize the underlying mechanisms. Our analysis indicated that clinically relevant doses of candesartan significantly inhibited growth of PC3 cell tumor xenografts in mice. Interestingly, the same concentrations of candesartan actually promoted prostate cancer cellular function in vitro, through a modest but significant inhibition in apoptosis. Inhibition of tumor growth by candesartan was associated with a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in tumors and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, but normalization of tumor vasculature. Although candesartan did not impair PC3 cell viability, it inhibited endothelial-barrier disruption by tumor-derived factors. Furthermore, candesartan significantly inhibited expression of VEGF in PC3 and DU145 cell lines independent of angiotensin II type 2 receptor, but potentially via angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition. Our findings clearly demonstrate the therapeutic potential of candesartan for prostate cancer and establish a link between ARBs, VEGF expression, and prostate tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alhusban
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy and the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (A.A., A.A.-A., A.G., F.G., S.C.F., P.R.S.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (A.A.); and Departments of Neurology (S.C.F.), Medicine (P.R.S.), Cancer Center (P.R.S.), and Vascular Biology Center (P.R.S.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ahmad Al-Azayzih
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy and the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (A.A., A.A.-A., A.G., F.G., S.C.F., P.R.S.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (A.A.); and Departments of Neurology (S.C.F.), Medicine (P.R.S.), Cancer Center (P.R.S.), and Vascular Biology Center (P.R.S.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Anna Goc
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy and the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (A.A., A.A.-A., A.G., F.G., S.C.F., P.R.S.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (A.A.); and Departments of Neurology (S.C.F.), Medicine (P.R.S.), Cancer Center (P.R.S.), and Vascular Biology Center (P.R.S.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Fei Gao
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy and the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (A.A., A.A.-A., A.G., F.G., S.C.F., P.R.S.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (A.A.); and Departments of Neurology (S.C.F.), Medicine (P.R.S.), Cancer Center (P.R.S.), and Vascular Biology Center (P.R.S.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Susan C Fagan
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy and the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (A.A., A.A.-A., A.G., F.G., S.C.F., P.R.S.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (A.A.); and Departments of Neurology (S.C.F.), Medicine (P.R.S.), Cancer Center (P.R.S.), and Vascular Biology Center (P.R.S.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy and the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (A.A., A.A.-A., A.G., F.G., S.C.F., P.R.S.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (A.A.); and Departments of Neurology (S.C.F.), Medicine (P.R.S.), Cancer Center (P.R.S.), and Vascular Biology Center (P.R.S.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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Xie Y, You C, Chen J. An updated meta-analysis on association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and cancer risk. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6567-79. [PMID: 24691970 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Alu repetitive sequence insertion/deletion (I/D, rs4646994) polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene may alter cancer susceptibility, but results of current studies are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between the ACE I/D polymorphism and cancer risk, we performed an updated meta-analysis of all eligible studies. All studies published up to July 2013 concerning the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and cancer risk were identified by systematically searching PubMed, EMBASE, Wanfang, CNKI, and Cqvip databases. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the fixed/random-effects model in Review Manager 5.1 and STATA 12.0. A total of 46 case-control studies including 7,025 cases and 34,911 controls were identified and evaluated. Overall, we did not observe a direct association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and general cancer risk (DD + DI vs. II OR = 0.95, 95 %CI = 0.84-1.07, P = 0.40). In the subgroup analysis by cancer type, a significant increased susceptibility of prostate cancer was found for variant homozygotes (DD vs. II + ID OR = 2.15, 95 %CI = 1.01-4.55, P = 0.05). Additionally, no significant association was observed in other subgroup analyses according to ethnicity, control source, sample size and quality control of genotyping. In summary, our results suggested that the ACE I/D polymorphism might not be a common risk factor for overall cancer susceptibility, but might contribute to the susceptibility of prostate cancer. More studies with larger sample sizes are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebing Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China,
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Verhoest G, Dolley-Hitze T, Jouan F, Bensalah K, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Dugay F, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Rioux-Leclercq N, Vigneau C. Système rénine-angiotensine et cancers urologiques. Prog Urol 2014; 24:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abd-Alhaseeb MM, Zaitone SA, Abou-El-Ela SH, Moustafa YM. Olmesartan potentiates the anti-angiogenic effect of sorafenib in mice bearing Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma: role of angiotensin (1-7). PLoS One 2014; 9:e85891. [PMID: 24465768 PMCID: PMC3899087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Local renin-angiotensin systems exist in various malignant tumor tissues; this suggests that the main effector peptide, angiotensin II, could act as a key factor in tumor growth. The underlying mechanisms for the anti-angiogenic effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers need to be further evaluated. The present study was carried out to investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of olmesartan alone or in combination with sorafenib, an angiotensin (1–7) agonist or an angiotensin (1–7) antagonist in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. The tumor was induced by intradermal injection of Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cells into mice. Tumor discs were used to evaluate the microvessel density; the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I); and their intratumoral receptors, VEGF receptor-2 and IGF-I receptor, respectively. All parameters were determined following the treatment course, which lasted for 21 days post-inoculation. Monotherapy with olmesartan and its combination with sorafenib resulted in a significant reduction in microvessel density and serum levels of VEGF and IGF-I, as well as their intratumoral receptors. In addition, the combination of olmesartan (30 mg/kg) with an angiotensin (1–7) agonist reduced the microvessel density, IGF-I serum levels and the levels of its intratumoral receptor. In conclusion, olmesartan reduced the levels of the angiogenesis markers IGF-I and VEGF and down-regulated the intratumoral expression of their receptors in a dose-dependent manner, and these effects were dependent on the angiotensin (1–7) receptor. These results suggest that olmesartan is a promising adjuvant to sorafenib in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Abd-Alhaseeb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, Arish, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Sawsan A. Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Soad H. Abou-El-Ela
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, Arish, Egypt
| | - Yasser M. Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Hao PP, Liu YP, Yang CY, Liang T, Zhang C, Song J, Han JK, Hou GH. Evaluation of (131)I-anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor monoclonal antibody as a reporter for hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85002. [PMID: 24416333 PMCID: PMC3885667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Finding a specific agent is useful for early detection of tumor. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) was reported to be elevated in a variety of tumors and participate in tumor progression. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether 131I-anti-AT1R monoclonal antibody (mAb) is an efficient imaging reporter for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methodology/Principal Findings AT1R mAb or isotype IgG was radioiodinated with 131I and the radiochemical purity and stability of the two imaging agents and the affinity of 131I-anti-AT1R mAb against AT1R were measured. 3.7 MBq 131I-anti-AT1R mAb or isotype 131I-IgG was intravenously injected to mice with hepatocellular carcinoma through tail vein, and then the whole-body autoradiography and biodistribution of the two imaging agents and the pharmacokinetics of 131I-anti-AT1R mAb were studied. 131I-anti-AT1R mAb and 131I-IgG were successfully radioiodinated and both maintained more stable in serum than in saline. The 131I-anti-AT1R mAb group showed much clearer whole-body images for observing hepatocellular carcinoma than the 131I-IgG group. The biodistributions of the two imaging agents suggested that hepatocellular carcinoma tissue uptook more 131I-anti-AT1R mAb than other tissues (%ID/g = 1.82±0.40 and T/NT ratio = 7.67±0.64 at 48 h), whereas hepatocellular carcinoma tissue did not selectively uptake 131I-IgG (%ID/g = 0.42±0.06 and T/NT ratio = 1.33±0.08 at 48 h). The pharmacokinetics of 131I-anti-AT1R mAb was in accordance with the two-compartment model, with a rapid distribution phase and a slow decline phase. These results were further verified by real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot. Conclusions/Significance 131I-anti-AT1R mAb may be a potential target for early detection of tumor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Drug Stability
- Early Diagnosis
- Immunoglobulin G/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Liver/diagnostic imaging
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Radionuclide Imaging
- Radiopharmaceuticals/immunology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/immunology
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Hao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chang-Ya Yang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Song
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Kui Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gui-Hua Hou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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Kaur M, Bhatia RK, Pissurlenkar RR, Coutinho EC, Jain UK, Katare OP, Chandra R, Madan J. Telmisartan complex augments solubility, dissolution and drug delivery in prostate cancer cells. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:614-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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A conceptually new treatment approach for relapsed glioblastoma: coordinated undermining of survival paths with nine repurposed drugs (CUSP9) by the International Initiative for Accelerated Improvement of Glioblastoma Care. Oncotarget 2013; 4:502-30. [PMID: 23594434 PMCID: PMC3720600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve prognosis in recurrent glioblastoma we developed a treatment protocol based on a combination of drugs not traditionally thought of as cytotoxic chemotherapy agents but that have a robust history of being well-tolerated and are already marketed and used for other non-cancer indications. Focus was on adding drugs which met these criteria: a) were pharmacologically well characterized, b) had low likelihood of adding to patient side effect burden, c) had evidence for interfering with a recognized, well-characterized growth promoting element of glioblastoma, and d) were coordinated, as an ensemble had reasonable likelihood of concerted activity against key biological features of glioblastoma growth. We found nine drugs meeting these criteria and propose adding them to continuous low dose temozolomide, a currently accepted treatment for relapsed glioblastoma, in patients with recurrent disease after primary treatment with the Stupp Protocol. The nine adjuvant drug regimen, Coordinated Undermining of Survival Paths, CUSP9, then are aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, copper gluconate, disulfiram, ketoconazole, nelfinavir, sertraline, to be added to continuous low dose temozolomide. We discuss each drug in turn and the specific rationale for use- how each drug is expected to retard glioblastoma growth and undermine glioblastoma's compensatory mechanisms engaged during temozolomide treatment. The risks of pharmacological interactions and why we believe this drug mix will increase both quality of life and overall survival are reviewed.
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Kosaka T, Miyajima A, Nagata H, Maeda T, Kikuchi E, Oya M. Human castration resistant prostate cancer rather prefer to decreased 5α-reductase activity. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1268. [PMID: 23429215 PMCID: PMC3572449 DOI: 10.1038/srep01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically relevant steroid 5α-reductase (SRD5A) activity that is essential for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) biosynthesis in human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has not been fully characterized yet. In this study to ascertain the potential SRD5A activity, we cultured two human CRPC cell lines, C4-2 and C4-2AT6, with the steroid precursor: 13C-[2,3,4]-androstenedione (13C-Adione), and analyzed the sequential biosynthesis of 13C-[2,3,4]-testosterone (13C-T) and 13C-[2,3,4]-DHT (13C-DHT) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The 13C-DHT/13C-T concentration ratio detected by LC/MS/MS in C4-2AT6 cells appeared to reflect the SRD5A activity. The ratio in C4-2AT6 was significantly lower than that in C4-2. An increased concentration of DHT did not have a positive effect on cell proliferation, rather it exhibited inhibitory effects. 5α-reductase inhibitors did not have any inhibitory effect at clinically achievable concentrations. These results indicate that CRPC cells may have an unknown regulation system to protect themselves from an androgenic suppressive effect mediated by SRD5A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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40
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Godugu C, Patel AR, Doddapaneni R, Marepally S, Jackson T, Singh M. Inhalation delivery of Telmisartan enhances intratumoral distribution of nanoparticles in lung cancer models. J Control Release 2013; 172:86-95. [PMID: 23838154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Telmisartan (Tel) and Losartan (Los) on nanoparticle intratumoral distribution and anticancer effects in lung cancer. A549 lung tumor cells were orthotopically and metastatically administered to Nu/nu mice. Fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles (FPNPs, size ~200 nm) beads were used to study their intratumoral distribution after Tel and Los treatments. Animals were administered with FPNPs and after 2h, FPNPs intratumoral distribution was studied by fluorescent microscopy. Tel (~1.12 mg/kg) and Los (~4.5mg/kg) were administered by inhalation delivery at alternative days for 4 weeks to tumor bearing animals. Collagen-1, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), cleaved caspase-3, Vimentin and E-Cadherin expressions were studied by western blotting. To correlate the AT1 receptor blockage to anticancer effects, VEGF levels and microvessel densities (MVD) were quantified. Los and Tel treated group resulted in the 5.33 and 14.33 fold increase respectively in the FPNPs intratumoral distribution as compared to the controls. Tel treatment attenuated 2.23 and 1.70 fold Collagen 1 expression compared to untreated control and Los groups, respectively. Further, in Tel and Los treated groups, the TGF-β1 active levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. Tel (at four times less dose) was 1.89 and 1.92 fold superior in anticancer activity to Los respectively in A549 orthotopic and metastatic tumor models (p<0.05) when given by inhalation route. Tel, by virtue of its dual pharmacophoric nature could be an ideal candidate for combination therapy to improve the nanoparticle intratumoral distribution and anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, 32307, USA
| | - Apurva R Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, 32307, USA
| | - Ravi Doddapaneni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, 32307, USA
| | - Srujan Marepally
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, 32307, USA
| | - Tanise Jackson
- Division of Research - Animal Welfare and Research Integrity, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, 32307, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, 32307, USA.
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41
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Kosaka T, Miyazaki Y, Miyajima A, Mikami S, Hayashi Y, Tanaka N, Nagata H, Kikuchi E, Nakagawa K, Okada Y, Sato Y, Oya M. The prognostic significance of vasohibin-1 expression in patients with prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2123-9. [PMID: 23591203 PMCID: PMC3670477 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We recently isolated vasohibin-1 (VASH1), a novel angiogenic molecule that is specifically expressed in activated vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and the status of VASH1 expression has been documented in various cancer angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of VASH1 expression in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analysed the clinical records and evaluated the VASH1 expression of tumour microvessels in 167 patients with PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy. We immunohistochemically examined the microvessels positive for anti-CD34 as microvessel density (MVD) and the microvessels with activated ECs positive for VASH1 density. Results: We found that the VASH1 expression was restricted to ECs in the tumour stroma. VASH1 density was significantly associated with pathological T stage, Gleason score and MVD. The 5-year PSA recurrence-free survival rate was 58.8% in patients with higher VASH1 density (≧12 per mm2) and 89.1% in patients with lower VASH1 density (<12 per mm2), respectively (P<0.001). Microvessel density was not an independent predictor of PSA recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed that high VASH1 density was an independent prognostic indicator of PSA recurrence (P=0.007, HR=2.950). Conclusion: VASH1 density represents a clinically relevant predictor of patient prognosis and can be a new biomarker that would provide additional prognostic information in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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42
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Takahashi S, Uemura H, Seeni A, Tang M, Komiya M, Long N, Ishiguro H, Kubota Y, Shirai T. Therapeutic targeting of angiotensin II receptor type 1 to regulate androgen receptor in prostate cancer. Prostate 2012; 72:1559-72. [PMID: 22430461 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the limited strategies for curative treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), public interest has focused on the potential prevention of prostate cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) has the potential to decrease serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and improve performance status in CRPC patients. These facts prompted us to investigate the direct effects of ARBs on prostate cancer growth and progression. METHODS Transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) model established in our laboratory was used. TRAP rats of 3 weeks of age received ARB (telmisartan or candesartan) at the concentration of 2 or 10 mg/kg/day in drinking water for 12 weeks. In vitro analyses for cell growth, ubiquitylation or reporter gene assay were performed using LNCaP cells. RESULTS We found that both telmisartan and candesartan attenuated prostate carcinogenesis in TRAP rats by augmentation of apoptosis resulting from activation of caspases, inactivation of p38 MAPK and down-regulation of the androgen receptor (AR). Further, microarray analysis demonstrated up-regulation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) by ARB treatment. In both parental and androgen-independent LNCaP cells, ARB inhibited both cell growth and AR-mediated transcriptional activity. ARB also exerted a mild additional effect on AR-mediated transcriptional activation by the ERβ up-regulation. An intervention study revealed that PSA progression was prolonged in prostate cancer patients given an ARB compared with placebo control. CONCLUSION These data provide a new concept that ARBs are promising potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents for prostate cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Benzoates/pharmacology
- Biphenyl Compounds
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Random Allocation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Transgenic
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Telmisartan
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
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Yuge K, Miyajima A, Tanaka N, Shirotake S, Kosaka T, Kikuchi E, Oya M. Prognostic Value of Renin–Angiotensin System Blockade in Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19:3987-93. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Tomić TT, Gustavsson H, Wang W, Jennbacken K, Welén K, Damber JE. Castration resistant prostate cancer is associated with increased blood vessel stabilization and elevated levels of VEGF and Ang-2. Prostate 2012; 72:705-12. [PMID: 21809353 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is important for the progression of prostate cancer and may be a target for treatment in castration resistant (CR) disease. This study was performed to investigate blood vessel stabilization and expression of the pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in CR and hormone naïve (HN) prostate cancer. The effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on these parameters was also studied. METHODS VEGF and Ang-2, as well as pericyte coverage of blood vessels were studied in HN and CR prostate tumors by immunohistochemistry. The effects of ADT on VEGF expression and microvessel density (MVD) were investigated in biopsies at diagnosis, 3 months after starting ADT and at tumor relapse. Plasma was also analyzed for VEGF and Ang-2 with ELISA. RESULTS CR tumors had higher levels of VEGF and Ang-2 as well as increased blood vessel stabilization compared to HN tumors. Three months after initiated ADT an increase of VEGF but not MVD in the tumors was observed. In contrast, plasma levels of VEGF decreased after ADT, and increased again at time of tumor relapse. Ang-2 levels were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS CR prostate cancer is associated with elevated levels of VEGF and Ang-2, indicating that these factors could be used as targets for anti-angiogenic treatment. Still, the observed increase in blood vessel stabilization in CR tumors could influence the outcome of anti-angiogenic treatment. Furthermore, increased VEGF expression after 3 months of ADT justifies the use of VEGF-based anti-angiogenic drugs in combination with ADT for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajana Tešan Tomić
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Abstract
Much evidence now suggests that angiotensin II has roles in normal functions of the breast that may be altered or attenuated in cancer. Both angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors are present particularly in the secretory epithelium. Additionally, all the elements of a tissue renin-angiotensin system, angiotensinogen, prorenin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), are also present and distributed in different cell types in a manner suggesting a close relationship with sites of angiotensin II activity. These findings are consistent with the concept that stromal elements and myoepithelium are instrumental in maintaining normal epithelial structure and function. In disease, this system becomes disrupted, particularly in invasive carcinoma. Both AT1 and AT2 receptors are present in tumours and may be up-regulated in some. Experimentally, angiotensin II, acting via the AT1 receptor, increases tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis, both these are inhibited by blocking its production or function. Epidemiological evidence on the effect of expression levels of ACE or the distribution of ACE or AT1 receptor variants in many types of cancer gives indirect support to these concepts. It is possible that there is a case for the therapeutic use of high doses of ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers in breast cancer, as there may be for AT2 receptor agonists, though this awaits full investigation. Attention is drawn to the possibility of blocking specific AT1-mediated intracellular signalling pathways, for example by AT1-directed antibodies, which exploit the possibility that the extracellular N-terminus of the AT1 receptor may have previously unsuspected signalling roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Vinson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
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46
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Smith AM, Findlay VJ, Bandurraga SG, Kistner-Griffin E, Spruill LS, Liu A, Golshayan AR, Turner DP. ETS1 transcriptional activity is increased in advanced prostate cancer and promotes the castrate-resistant phenotype. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:572-80. [PMID: 22232738 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced disease accounts for the majority of prostate cancer-related deaths and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for these patients. Many patients undergoing ADT become resistant to its effects and progress to castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Current therapies for CRPC patients are inadequate, with progression-free survival rates as low as 2 months. The molecular events that promote CRPC are poorly understood. ETS (v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene) transcription factors are regulators of carcinogenesis. Protein levels of the archetypical ETS factor, ETS1, are increased in clinical and latent prostate cancer relative to benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal prostate to promote multiple cancer-associated processes, such as energy metabolism, matrix degradation, survival, angiogenesis, migration and invasion. Our studies have found that ETS1 expression is highest in high-grade prostate cancer (Gleason 7 and above). Increased ETS1 expression and transcriptional activity promotes an aggressive and castrate-resistant phenotype in immortalized prostate cancer cells. Elevated AKT (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog) activity was demonstrated to increase ETS1 protein levels specifically in castrate-resistant cells and exogenous ETS1 expression was sufficient to rescue invasive potential decreased by inhibition of AKT activity. Significantly, targeted androgen receptor activity altered ETS1 expression, which in turn altered the castrate-resistant phenotype. These data suggest a role for oncogenic ETS1 transcriptional activity in promoting aggressive prostate cancer and the castrate-resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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47
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Shirotake S, Miyajima A, Kosaka T, Tanaka N, Kikuchi E, Mikami S, Okada Y, Oya M. Regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 through angiotensin II type 1 receptor in prostate cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1008-1016. [PMID: 22226738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is reported to contribute to tumor progression and is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive disease. In this study, we investigated the clinical outcome of MCP-1 expression in patients with prostate cancer (CaP) and the regulation of MCP-1 through angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) in CaP. Specimens were obtained from 138 CaP patients and analyzed by immunostaining for both MCP-1 and macrophages. We investigated the regulation of MCP-1 expression through AT1R both in vivo and in vitro using three human prostate cancer cell lines: LNCaP, C4-2, and C4-2AT6. Specimens with a high Gleason score (≥7) and a high pathological classification (≤pT3), and those with castration-resistant prostate cancer showed significantly higher MCP-1 expression and higher macrophage infiltration than low malignant potential CaP. High MCP-1 expression in CaP correlated significantly with high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence rates. AngII induced significantly higher MCP-1 levels in C4-2AT6 than in LNCaP, whereas AT1R blockade (ARB) inhibited MCP-1 production via the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway in C4-2AT6. ARB also significantly suppressed MCP-1 expression in C4-2AT6 tumors. Our study is the first to demonstrate that both high MCP-1 expression and high macrophage infiltration in CaP specimens correlate with a high PSA recurrence rate and that ARB inhibits MCP-1 expression through the PI3K/Akt pathway and blocks macrophage infiltration in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Shirotake
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Miyajima
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kikuchi
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanaka N, Miyajima A, Kikuchi E, Matsumoto K, Hagiwara M, Ide H, Kosaka T, Masuda T, Nakamura S, Oya M. Prognonstic impact of renin-angiotensin system blockade in localised upper-tract urothelial carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2011; 106:290-6. [PMID: 22187036 PMCID: PMC3261676 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The potential role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the promotion of tumour growth has been investigated, and the administration of RAS inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), may improve disease control in malignancy. We investigated the prognostic impact of RAS inhibitors by analysing data from patients with upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Methods: A total of 279 patients who underwent nephroureterectomy for localised UTUC (pTa-3N0M0) were identified at our three institutions. We retrospectively investigated the prognostic outcomes following nephroureterectomy in patients administered or not administered ACEIs or ARBs. Results: The median follow-up period was 3.4 years. RAS inhibitors were administered to 48 patients (17.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that the appearance of pathological T3, positive lymphovascular invasion, and no RAS inhibitor administration (P=0.027 HR=3.14) were independent risk factors for a decrease in subsequent metastasis-free survival. The 5-year metastasis-free survival rate was 93.0% in patients who administered RAS inhibitors, and 72.8% in their counterparts who did not (P=0.008). Conclusion: The absence of RAS inhibitor administration was an independent risk factor for subsequent tumour metastasis in patients with localised UTUC. We propose RAS inhibitors may be a potent choice as an effective treatment following nephroureterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Wuerzner G, Burnier M, Waeber B. Critical review of cancer risk associated with angiotensin receptor blocker therapy. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2011; 7:741-7. [PMID: 22241948 PMCID: PMC3253767 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of drugs in new cancer occurrence and cancer-related death is a major concern. Recently, a meta-analysis raised the possibility that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) might have an adverse effect on patients. This generated a significant debate until the publication of two further meta-analyses, neither of which demonstrated an increased risk of new cancer occurrence or cancer-related death with the use of ARBs in patients with hypertension, heart failure, and/or nephropathy. This illustrates that the results of meta-analyses should be interpreted cautiously and critically as bias, such as selection bias, might lead to erroneous conclusions. Overall, the bulk of evidence today indicates that ARBs are not associated with increased cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Wuerzner
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension Consultation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Pawlikowski M, Minias R, Sosnowski M, Zieliński KW. Immunohistochemical detection of angiotensin AT 1 and AT 2 receptors in prostate cancer. Cent European J Urol 2011; 64:252-5. [PMID: 24578905 PMCID: PMC3921746 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2011.04.art14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The human prostate gland contains all the compounds of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including AT1 and AT2 angiotensin receptors. The role of local RAS in the prostate pathology is recently discussed. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of AT1 and AT2 expressions in human prostate cancers. Material and methods The investigation was performed in 20 paraffin-embedded needle biopsy specimens from routine diagnostic prostate cancer biopsies. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunostained with anti-AT1 and anti-AT2 antibodies. For visualization of primary antibodies, the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was applied. The expression of both receptor proteins was evaluated quantitatively using image analysis method. Results The positive immunostaining with both anti- AT1 and anti-AT2 antibodies can be found in stromal as well as epithelial structures. The results of quantitative evaluation showed the positive correlation between AT1 and AT2 expressions in neoplastic epithelium and overexpression of both AT1 and AT2 in neoplastic epithelium of Gleason grade 2, but not in cancerous structures of Gleason grades 3-5. Conclusions The data on AT1 and AT2 receptor expressions may suggest the involvement of RAS in prostate cancerogenesis. Moreover, the persistence of AT1 receptors in prostate cancer speaks in favor of attempts to use of AT1 receptor blockers (i.e. sartanes) and/or AT2 agonists in prostate cancer prophylaxis and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pawlikowski
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
| | - Radosław Minias
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology and Cytopathology, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof W Zieliński
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology and Cytopathology, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
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