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Bello II, Omigbodun A, Morhason-Bello I. Common salt aggravated pathology of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in adult male Wistar rat. BMC Urol 2023; 23:207. [PMID: 38082261 PMCID: PMC10712029 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major health concern associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction in men. Recurrent inflammation, decreased apoptotic rate and oxidative stress are some of the theories that explain the pathophysiology of BPH. Common salt, a food additive, is known to cause systemic inflammation and redox imbalance, and may serve as a potential risk factor for BPH development or progression. This study examined the effect of common salt intake on the pathology of testosterone-induced BPH. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of 10: a control and three salt diet groups-low-salt diet (LSD), standard-salt diet (SSD) and high-salt diet (HSD). The rats were castrated, allowed to recuperate and placed on salt-free diet (control), 0.25% salt diet (LSD), 0.5% salt diet (SSD) and 1.25% salt diet (HSD) for 60 days ad libitum. On day 33, BPH was induced in all the rats with daily injections of testosterone propionate-Testost® (3 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. The rats had overnight fast (12 h) on day 60 and were euthanized the following day in order to collect blood and prostate samples for biochemical, molecular and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. Mean ± SD values were calculated for each group and compared for significant difference with ANOVA followed by post hoc test (Tukey HSD) at p < 0.05. RESULTS This study recorded a substantially higher level of IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 in salt diet groups and moderate IHC staining of COX-2 in HSD group. The prostatic level of IL-17, IL-1β, PGE2, relative prostate weight and serum PSA levels were not statistically different. The concentrations of IGF-1, TGF-β were similar in all the groups but there were multiple fold increase in Bcl-2 expression in salt diet groups-LSD (13.2), SSD (9.5) and HSD (7.9) and multiple fold decrease in VEGF expression in LSD (-6.3), SSD (-5.1) and HSD (-14.1) compared to control. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and concentration of nitric oxide rose in LSD and SSD groups, and SSD and HSD groups respectively. Activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and concentration of NADPH and hydrogen peroxide were not significantly different. IHC showed positive immunostaining for iNOS expression in all the groups while histopathology revealed moderate to severe prostatic hyperplasia in salt diet groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that low, standard and high salt diets aggravated the pathology of testosterone-induced BPH in Wistar rats by promoting inflammation, oxidative stress, while suppressing apoptosis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Idowu Bello
- Department of Reproductive Health Sciences, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (including Health and Agriculture), PAULESI, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Department of Animal Health Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Akinyinka Omigbodun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Imran Morhason-Bello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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O'Quin C, White KL, Campbell JR, Myers SH, Patil S, Chandler D, Ahmadzadeh S, Varrassi G, Shekoohi S, Kaye AD. Pharmacological Approaches in Managing Symptomatic Relief of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e51314. [PMID: 38288222 PMCID: PMC10823302 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition that affects aging men, leading to the development of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and potentially severe complications such as complete obstruction. The management of BPH typically involves the use of medications from different classes, including alpha-1 antagonists, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, and anticholinergics. Combination therapy utilizing drugs from different classes can also effectively manage the BPH-LUTS complex. Recent research has revealed that phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, including Tadalafil and Sildenafil, are highly effective in treating LUTS associated with BPH. Tadalafil as a monotherapy has recently been shown to significantly improve LUTS in BPH patients. Additionally, the use of herbal remedies as a treatment option for BPH has also been widely debated. Previous research suggests that saw palmetto can reduce BPH symptoms through several proposed mechanisms, but recent trials have found inconsistencies in its efficacy. In this literature review, we conducted an extensive PubMed database search to provide current and comprehensive insights into BPH treatment options. This review comprehensively evaluates available treatments for managing BPH, highlighting the effectiveness of different classes of medications and combination therapies in managing associated symptoms. The present investigation also discusses recent research on the efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors in treating LUTS associated with BPH and the uncertain efficacy of herbal remedies. The insights provided by this study can guide healthcare professionals in making informed decisions about managing BPH, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collyn O'Quin
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Kathryn L White
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - John R Campbell
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Sarah H Myers
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Shilpadevi Patil
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Debbie Chandler
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Shahab Ahmadzadeh
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | | | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
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Pan L, Su S, Li Y, Liu D, Shen L, Wang H, Wen J, Hu H, Zheng R. The effect of acupuncture on oestrogen receptors in rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106402. [PMID: 37734284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of acupuncture on the protein and gene expression of oestrogen receptors (ERs) alpha (α) and beta (β) in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats remains unclear. In this study, rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 per group). The rats in the blank group did not receive any treatment, while the rats in the model group were injected intraperitoneally with testosterone propionate for 28 days to establish the BPH model and then randomly sub-divided into a control group, an acupuncture group and a finasteride group (positive control group). Dissections were performed after rats were anesthetized with isoflurane, and then the weight and volume of the prostate were then measured. The expression of ERs was detected via immunohistochemistry, western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that ERα was discontinuously distributed in epithelial cells and expressed in large quantities in stromal cells, and ERβ was aggregated and expressed in hyperplastic nodules. Acupuncture and finasteride could significantly improve the distribution of ERα and ERβ which suggested that acupuncture and finasteride could improve BPH. There was no significant difference in ERα messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression among the groups, but the ERβ mRNA expression in the finasteride group showed a significant difference compared with the control and acupuncture groups. The mechanism of the acupuncture treatment of BPH may be related to the increased transcription level of ERβ mRNA in prostate tissues, the improved distribution of ERα expression in epithelial cells and the aggregation expression of ERs in hyperplastic nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Pan
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Shiyu Su
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Lingyu Shen
- Department of Acupuncture, Shunyi Hospital of Beijing Hospital Chinese Medicine, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Ruwen Zheng
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China.
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Fan L, Peng Y, Sun C, Ma P, Peng C, Sun A, Li X. Deciphering anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia potential of liangwanoside II based on metabolite profile characterization combined with targeted network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116725. [PMID: 37271331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metapanax delavayi (Franch.) J.Wen & Frodin (Araliaceae), known as "liang wang cha" in China, has been used to treat prostatitis as herbal tea in folk. Recent research suggested that aqueous extract of Metapanax delavayi leaf showed an advantage in anti-benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) activity, and liangwanoside II was the main component of the active fraction. However, the anti-BPH effect of liangwanosdie II remains to be revealed. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to decipher anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia potential of liangwanoside II. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-BPH effect was evaluated by testosterone propionate-induced BPH rats after oral administration of liangwanoside II at the doses of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg in vivo. Then, the metabolites of liangwanoside II in BPH rats in vivo were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Finally, the targeted network pharmacology combined with experimental verification were explored for the mechanism elucidation. RESULTS Liangwanoside II exhibited an anti-BPH effect through reducing the weight of the prostate, prostate index and serum prostatic acid phosphatase level, and improving the prostate tissue morphology in BPH rats. Further, 16 metabolites of liangwanoside II in vivo were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, in which the prototype compound and 4 metabolites, such as liangwanoside I and serratagenic acid could be absorbed in the plasma and then penetrate the blood-prostate barrier. Then, followed by the targeted network pharmacology and experimental verification, we found that liangwanoside II and its metabolites could jointly involve in the inhibition of the inflammation reaction and hormone imbalance, thus reducing oxidative stress damage, and restoring the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, which contributed to the anti-BPH effect of liangwanoside II. CONCLUSION The anti-BPH potential of liangwanoside II was revealed using metabolite profile characterization combined with targeted network pharmacology, providing new insight into the development and utilization of liangwanoside II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chongzhi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chongsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - An Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Rubegeta E, Makolo F, Kamatou G, Enslin G, Chaudhary S, Sandasi M, Cunningham AB, Viljoen A. The African cherry: A review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116004. [PMID: 36535336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae), commonly known as "Pygeum" or "African cherry", occurs in mainland montane forests scattered across sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and some surrounding islands. Traditionally, decoctions of the stem-bark are taken orally for the treatment of a wide variety of conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), stomach ache, chest pain, malaria, heart conditions, and gonorrhoea, as well as urinary and kidney diseases. The timber is used to make axe handles and for other household needs. The dense wood is also sawn for timber. AIM The fragmented information available on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activities of the medicinally important P. africana was collated, organised, and analysed in this review, to highlight knowledge voids that can be addressed through future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bibliometric analysis of research output on P. africana was conducted on literature retrieved, using the Scopus® database. The trend in the publications over time was assessed and a network analysis of collaborations between countries and authors was carried out. Furthermore, a detailed review of the literature over the period 1971 to 2021, acquired through Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Pubmed, Scirp, DOAJ and Google Scholar, was conducted. All relevant abstracts, full-text articles and various book chapters on the botanical and ethnopharmacological aspects of P. africana, written in English and German, were consulted. RESULTS A total of 455 documents published from 1971 to 2021, were retrieved using the Scopus search. Analysis of the data showed that the majority of these documents were original research articles, followed by reviews and lastly a miscellaneous group comprising conference papers, book chapters, short surveys, editorials and letters. Data were analysed for annual output and areas of intense research focus, and countries with high research output, productive institutions and authors, and collaborative networks were identified. Prunus africana is reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, antiviral, antimutagenic, anti-asthmatic, anti-androgenic, antiproliferative and apoptotic activities amongst others. Phytosterols and other secondary metabolites such as phenols, triterpenes, fatty acids, and linear alcohols have been the focus of phytochemical investigations. The biological activity has largely been ascribed to the phytosterols (mainly 3-β-sitosterol, 3-β-sitostenone, and 3-β-sitosterol-glucoside), which inhibit the production of prostaglandins in the prostate, thereby suppressing the inflammatory symptoms associated with BPH and chronic prostatitis. CONCLUSIONS Many of the ethnobotanical assertions for the biological activity of P. africana have been confirmed through in vitro and in vivo studies. However, a disparity exists between the biological activity of the whole extract and that of single compounds isolated from the extract, which were reported to be less effective. This finding suggests that a different approach to biological activity studies should be encouraged that takes all secondary metabolites present into consideration. A robust technique, such as multivariate biochemometric data analysis, which allows for a holistic intervention to study the biological activity of a species is suggested. Furthermore, there is a need to develop rapid and efficient quality control methods for both raw materials and products to replace the time-consuming and laborious methods currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Rubegeta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Felix Makolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Guy Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Gill Enslin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Sushil Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Maxleene Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Anthony B Cunningham
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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Role of Phytotherapy in the Management of BPH: A Summary of the Literature. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051899. [PMID: 36902686 PMCID: PMC10003922 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) describes the non-malignant enlargement of the prostate. It is both common and growing in incidence. Treatment is multimodal, involving conservative, medical, and surgical interventions. This review aims to examine the evidence base for phytotherapies, specifically analyzing their role in treating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) attributable to BPH. A literature search was completed, specifically looking for randomized control trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews involving phytotherapy treating BPH. Specific emphasis was placed on exploring substance origin, the proposed mechanism of action, evidence of efficacy, and the side-effect profile. Several phytotherapeutic agents were evaluated. These included serenoa repens, cucurbita pepo, and pygeum Africanum, among others. For most of the reviewed substances, only modest effectiveness was reported. Generally, though, all treatments were tolerated well with minimal side effects. None of the treatments discussed in this paper form part of the recommended treatment algorithm in either European or American guidelines. We, therefore, conclude that phytotherapies, in the treatment of LUTS attributable to BPH, do provide a convenient option for patients, with minimal side effects. At present, however, the evidence for the usage of phytotherapy in BPH is inconclusive, with some agents having more backing than others. This remains an expansive field of urology whereby there is still more research to be done.
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Naiyila X, Li J, Huang Y, Chen B, Zhu M, Li J, Chen Z, Yang L, Ai J, Wei Q, Liu L, Cao D. A Novel Insight into the Immune-Related Interaction of Inflammatory Cytokines in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051821. [PMID: 36902608 PMCID: PMC10003138 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common male condition that impacts many men's quality of life by generating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). In recent years, inflammation has become very common in the prostate, and BPH with inflammation has a higher International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) score and an enlarged prostate. Chronic inflammation leads to tissue damage and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of BPH. We will focus on current advancements in pro-inflammatory cytokines in BPH, as well as the future of pro-inflammatory cytokine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokaiti Naiyila
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengli Zhu
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (D.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-28-8542-2451 (L.L. & D.C.)
| | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (D.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-28-8542-2451 (L.L. & D.C.)
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Zhou L, Li Y, Li J, Yao H, Huang J, Li C, Wang L. Decoding ceRNA regulatory network and autophagy-related genes in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:997-1009. [PMID: 36403772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease among aging males. We obtained BPH transcriptional signatures by high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis. Accordingly, we determined the differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs) between BPH tissues and normal prostate tissues. WebGestalt and R package (clusterprofiler) was used to enrichment analysis. Clinical correlations were analyzed using Spearman's coefficient. TargetScan, ENCORI, miRNet, and miRDB databases were used to predict targets' relationships in ceRNA networks. Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR analyses were performed to validate the findings. Microarray analysis of the datasets showed 369 DElncRNAs, 122 DEpseudogenes, 6 DEmiRNAs and 1358 DEmRNAs. DEmRNAs were particularly enriched in the autophagy-related pathways. Following the screening of DEmRNAs and autophagy-related genes (ARGs), 50 DEARGs were selected. MCODE analysis on Cytoscape was performed for the 50 DEARGs, and 3 hub genes (ATF4, XBP1, and PPP1R15A) were obtained. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the mRNA expression of XBP1 correlated positively with age, total score, and storage score, but negatively with the maximum flow rate. Subsequently, the pseudogene/lncRNA- hsa-miR-222-3p-XBP1 pathway was identified. Our findings elucidate that the pseudogene/lncRNA-hsa-miR-222-3p-XBP1 pathway may play a regulatory role in the occurrence of BPH through autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jiaren Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hanyu Yao
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Patel A, Rasheed A, Reilly I, Pareek Z, Hansen M, Haque Z, Simon-Fajardo D, Davies C, Tummala A, Reinhardt K, Bustabad A, Shaw M, Robins J, Vera Gomez K, Suphakorn T, Camacho Gemelgo M, Law A, Lin K, Hospedales E, Haley H, Perez Martinez JP, Khan S, DeCanio J, Padgett M, Abramov A, Nanjundan M. Modulation of Cytoskeleton, Protein Trafficking, and Signaling Pathways by Metabolites from Cucurbitaceae, Ericaceae, and Rosaceae Plant Families. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1380. [PMID: 36355554 PMCID: PMC9698530 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One promising frontier within the field of Medical Botany is the study of the bioactivity of plant metabolites on human health. Although plant metabolites are metabolic byproducts that commonly regulate ecological interactions and biochemical processes in plant species, such metabolites also elicit profound effects on the cellular processes of human and other mammalian cells. In this regard, due to their potential as therapeutic agents for a variety of human diseases and induction of toxic cellular responses, further research advances are direly needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms induced by these agents. Herein, we focus our investigation on metabolites from the Cucurbitaceae, Ericaceae, and Rosaceae plant families, for which several plant species are found within the state of Florida in Hillsborough County. Specifically, we compare the molecular mechanisms by which metabolites and/or plant extracts from these plant families modulate the cytoskeleton, protein trafficking, and cell signaling to mediate functional outcomes, as well as a discussion of current gaps in knowledge. Our efforts to lay the molecular groundwork in this broad manner hold promise in supporting future research efforts in pharmacology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meera Nanjundan
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Li J, Yao H, Huang J, Li C, Zhang Y, Xu R, Wang Z, Long Z, Tang J, Wang L. METTL3 promotes prostatic hyperplasia by regulating PTEN expression in an m 6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:723. [PMID: 35985997 PMCID: PMC9391461 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled epithelial cell proliferation in the prostate transition zone and the hyper-accumulation of mesenchymal-like cells derived from the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of prostatic epithelium are two key processes in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). m6A RNA modification affects multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. In this study, the aberrant up-regulation of methylase METTL3 in BPH samples suggests its potential role in BPH development. Elevated m6A modification in the prostate of the BPH rat was partially reduced by METTL3 knockdown. METTL3 knockdown also partially reduced the prostatic epithelial thickness and prostate weight, significantly improved the histological features of the prostate, inhibited epithelial proliferation and EMT, and promoted apoptosis. In vitro, METTL3 knockdown decreased TGF-β-stimulated BPH-1 cell proliferation, m6A modification, and EMT, whereas promoted cell apoptosis. METTL3 increased the m6A modification of PTEN and inhibited its expression through the reading protein YTHDF2. PTEN knockdown aggravated the molecular, cellular, and pathological alterations in the prostate of BPH rats and amplified TGF-β-induced changes in BPH-1 cells. More importantly, PTEN knockdown partially abolished the improving effects of METTL3 knockdown both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, the level of m6A modification is elevated in BPH; the METTL3/YTHDF2/PTEN axis disturbs the balance between epithelial proliferation and apoptosis, promotes EMT, and accelerates BPH development in an m6A modification-related manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 China
| | - Hanyu Yao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 China
| | - Jin Huang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 China
| | - Chao Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 China
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 China
| | - Ran Xu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410028 China
| | - Zhenting Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, 570208 Hainan China
| | - Zhi Long
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 China
| | - Jin Tang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 China
| | - Long Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 China
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Liu R, Zhang S, Wan R, Deng J, Fang W. Effect of Beclin-1 gene silencing on autophagy and apoptosis of the prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cells. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100076. [PMID: 36088885 PMCID: PMC9468350 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the effect of silencing Beclin-1 gene on autophagy and apoptosis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) (BPH-1) cells under the condition of Androgen Deprivation (AD) and Autophagy Inhibition (AI). METHODS Control group (BPH-1 group), empty carrier group (sh-RNA-BPH-1 group) and Beclin-1 silenced group (sh-Beclin1-BPH-1 group) were set. The Beclin-1 gene silencing efficiency was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Autophagic flux was monitored by GFP-LC3 cleavage assay and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of LC3, Caspase-3, PARP-1, Bcl-2, and Bax were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The transfection of sh-Beclin-1 obviously down-regulated the expression of Beclin-1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Under the conditions of AD and AI, silencing of Beclin-1 restrained the autophagy of BPH-1 cells, as evidenced by a decreased number of autophagosomes and down-regulation of LC3-II protein (p < 0.001). The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rate of sh-Beclin-1 group was elevated significantly compared to the other two groups (p < 0.01). Western blot results showed that silencing of Beclin-1 promoted 89 kd fragmentation of PARP-1 (p < 0.001) and Caspase-3 activation (p < 0.01). Moreover, silencing of Beclin-1 resulted in declined Bcl-2 and augmented Bax protein expression in BPH-1 cells (p < 0.01), which ultimately led to a decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the silencing of Beclin-1 gene hampered autophagy while activating apoptosis in BPH-1 cells. Thus, Beclin-1 may participate in an antagonistic relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfu Liu
- Department of Urology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Wan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiang Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Urology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Csikós E, Horváth A, Ács K, Papp N, Balázs VL, Dolenc MS, Kenda M, Kočevar Glavač N, Nagy M, Protti M, Mercolini L, Horváth G, Farkas Á. Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Natural Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237141. [PMID: 34885733 PMCID: PMC8659259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common urinary diseases affecting men, generally after the age of 50. The prevalence of this multifactorial disease increases with age. With aging, the plasma level of testosterone decreases, as well as the testosterone/estrogen ratio, resulting in increased estrogen activity, which may facilitate the hyperplasia of the prostate cells. Another theory focuses on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the activity of the enzyme 5α-reductase, which converts testosterone to DHT. In older men, the activity of this enzyme increases, leading to a decreased testosterone/DHT ratio. DHT may promote prostate cell growth, resulting in hyperplasia. Some medicinal plants and their compounds act by modulating this enzyme, and have the above-mentioned targets. This review focuses on herbal drugs that are most widely used in the treatment of BPH, including pumpkin seed, willow herb, tomato, maritime pine bark, Pygeum africanum bark, rye pollen, saw palmetto fruit, and nettle root, highlighting the latest results of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as safety issues. In addition, the pharmaceutical care and other therapeutic options of BPH, including pharmacotherapy and surgical options, are discussed, summarizing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Csikós
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Adrienn Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Kamilla Ács
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Nóra Papp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Viktória Lilla Balázs
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Marija Sollner Dolenc
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.S.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Maša Kenda
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.S.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Nina Kočevar Glavač
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Milan Nagy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-832-32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michele Protti
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Ágnes Farkas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (K.Á.); (N.P.); (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Choi DH, Kim JY, An JH, Sung SH, Kong HS. Effects of Saussurea costus on apoptosis imbalance and inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114349. [PMID: 34171398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saussurea costus (synonym: Aucklandia lappa Decne) is a medicinal plant distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi, and Sichuan in China. In traditional Korean medicine, the plant parts (especially the root-"radix aucklandiae") is widely used to treat vomiting, diarrhea, and inflammation. However, little has been reported on its effect on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is common in middle-aged men. AIM OF THE STUDY BPH is caused by apoptosis imbalance and inflammation due to aging of the prostate. Therefore, the aim of this was to prove the efficacy of S. costus by analyzing its effect on the biological mechanisms leading to BPH progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with a single dose of testosterone (125 mg/kg) to induce BPH, and were later administered with S. costus (20, 40 mg/kg). After 12 weeks, histological changes in the prostate and hormone regulation factors were assessed in all animals. Furthermore, apoptotic protein and apoptotic body values were analyzed to confirm the improvement of apoptosis imbalance, and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed to confirm the anti-inflammatory efficacy of S. costus. RESULTS In the serum and tissue of S. costus-treated BPH rats, a significant reduction in prostate weight, prostate index, and hormone regulation factors was observed. S. costus also increased the levels of apoptosis marker proteins and reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines. It also decreased the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and increased the expression of BCL-2 associated X protein (BAX) in the prostate. Histological changes such as epithelial thickness significantly increased in BPH induced group but significantly decreased in the S. costus-treated groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS S. costus may prevent and treat BPH occurrence by modulating inflammation and apoptosis imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyun Choi
- Climacteric Natural Products Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; KOSA BIO Inc., 697, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13511, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Climacteric Natural Products Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; KOSA BIO Inc., 697, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13511, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Ho An
- Climacteric Natural Products Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; KOSA BIO Inc., 697, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13511, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyun Sung
- Qu-BEST BIO Co., Ltd. 120 Heungdeokjungang-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16950, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Seok Kong
- Climacteric Natural Products Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; College of Animal Biotechnology & Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea.
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Xiao Q, Liu QM, Jiang RC, Chen KF, Zhu X, Ma L, Li WX, He F, Huang JJ. Piperazine-Derived α 1D/1A Antagonist 1- Benzyl-N- (3-(4- (2-Methoxyphenyl) Piperazine-1-yl) Propyl) -1H- Indole-2- Carboxamide Induces Apoptosis in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Independently of α1-Adrenoceptor Blocking. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:594038. [PMID: 33584271 PMCID: PMC7873900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.594038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that α1D/1A antagonist naftopidil (NAF) suppresses prostate growth by decreasing cell proliferation without affecting apoptosis and prostate volume in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A NAF-derived α1D/1A antagonist 1- benzyl-N-(3-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazine-1-yl) propyl)-1H-indole-2- carboxamide (HJZ-12) has been reported from our laboratory, which exhibits high subtype-selectivity to both α1D- and α1A- AR (47.9- and 19.1- fold, respectively) with respect to a1B-AR in vitro. However, no further study was conducted. In the present study, a pharmacological evaluation of HJZ-12 in BPH was performed on an estrogen/androgen-induced rat BPH model and human BPH-1 cell line. In vivo, HJZ-12 exhibited better performance than NAF in preventing the progression of rat prostatic hyperplasia by not only decreasing prostate weight and proliferation (similar to NAF) but also, shrinking prostate volume and inducing prostate apoptosis (different from NAF). In vitro, HJZ-12 exhibited significant cell viability inhibition and apoptotic induction in BPH-1 cell line, without presenting cell anti-proliferation properties. Intriguingly, the role of HJZ-12 on cell viability and apoptosis was an α1-independent action. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis was applied to screen out six anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-3, B-lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 [Bmi-1], ITGA2, FGFR3, RRS1, and SGK1). Amongst them, Bmi-1 was involved in the apoptotic induction of HJZ-12 in BPH-1. Overall, HJZ-12 played a remarkable role in preventing the progression of prostatic hyperplasia through α1-independent apoptotic induction, indicating that it will be a multi-target effective candidate for BPH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Meng Liu
- Genetics Laboratory of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ru-Chao Jiang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Feng Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Ma
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xi Li
- College of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Fei He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jun Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hirsh SP, Pons M, Joyal SV, Swick AG. Self-Assessed Benefits of a Prostate Health Formulation on Nocturia in Healthy Males With Mild Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: An Open Label Study. Glob Adv Health Med 2020; 9:2164956120973639. [PMID: 33294303 PMCID: PMC7705803 DOI: 10.1177/2164956120973639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nocturia is the most bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and can significantly reduce men's quality of life. It is often poorly managed with conventional treatments. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the self-assessed benefits of a prostate health dietary combination formulation on mild LUTS, especially nocturia in healthy males. Methods In an open label clinical study, thirty healthy male subjects with mild LUTS took one daily capsule of the product for 60 days. The primary outcome was self-assessed severity of LUTS using the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) questionnaire at Day 1 (baseline), Day 30 and Day 60. Safety and compliance were also evaluated. Results At Day 60, IPSS significantly decreased from baseline by 16.3% (3.6 ± 2.1 vs. 4.3 ± 1.5, p < 0.05). Although the reduction in IPSS did not reach statistical significance at Day 30, it was mostly driven by a 30.7% decrease (p < 0.05) in the nocturia sub-score compared with baseline. While 37% of subjects reported at baseline waking up 2‒3 times/night to void, none did so after taking the study product for 60 days. Compliance was very high throughout the study. No adverse events related to the study product were reported. Conclusions The study product might be a safe alternative for individuals willing to explore a non-conventional approach to manage their nocturia. A larger randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial is warranted to confirm these results. Clinical trial registry: Clinical Trials.gov. Registration number (September 1st, 2016): NCT02886832.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Hirsh
- Life Extension Clinical Research, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Marianne Pons
- Life Extension, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, Florida
- Marianne Pons, Life Extension, Inc., 3600 West Commercial Boulevard, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309, USA.
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Cornu JN. Hyperplasie bénigne de la prostate et incontinence urinaire. Prog Urol 2020; 30:3S10-3S20. [DOI: 10.1016/s1166-7087(20)30194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Review of the experience and evidence of Pygeum africanum in urological practice. Actas Urol Esp 2020; 44:9-13. [PMID: 31627963 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pygeum africanum(P. africanum) is still being employed in urology practice for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostate hyperplasia. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A non-exhaustive review has been carried out about P. africanum, its mechanisms of action "in vitro" as well as "in vivo", clinical trials and routine clinical practice. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The conclusions of the review and the reflections of the authors on the use of P. africanum are described. CONCLUSIONS Although with an evidence level IV (based on expert opinion) the use of P. africanum seems to be an option in the urological therapeutic arsenal.
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Li C, Hu WL, Lu MX, Xiao GF. Resveratrol induces apoptosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell line (BPH-1) through p38 MAPK-FOXO3a pathway. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:233. [PMID: 31464618 PMCID: PMC6714439 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Resveratrol is reported to inhibit the growth of prostate, which is characteristic of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) condition. However, the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the effects and probable mechanism of resveratrol on BPH. Methods We used the BPH epithelial cell line BPH-1 to investigate the effect of resveratrol. Cells were treated with various concentrations of resveratrol, and its effects on cells viability, apoptosis, ROS accumulation, and cell cycle were assessed. Western blot was used to examine activation of p38 MAPK and protein levels of FOXO3a, Bcl2, Bcl-XL, and caspase3. Cells were also co-treated with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or ROS scavenger N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to further investigate the mechanism. Results Resveratrol treatment inhibited the growth of BPH-1 and increased apoptosis of cells. In addition, levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK level was elevated and FOXO3a repression was observed. Concomitantly, ROS was accumulated. All of these resveratrol-mediated effects were suppressed by additional treatment with SB203580 or NAC. Resveratrol was also found to induce cell cycle arrest at S phase. Conclusions Resveratrol can activate p38 MAPK and repress FOXO3a, thereby causing repression of SOD2, catalase, and increase of ROS accumulation, leading to apoptosis in BPH-1 cells.
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Li Y, Shi B, Dong F, Zhu X, Liu B, Liu Y. Effects of inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and STAT3/NF-κB- and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by a high-fat diet. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5570-5578. [PMID: 31412319 PMCID: PMC6710068 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study determined whether or not benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) is involved in inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)- and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated oxidative stress pathways. Forty rats were divided into four groups: control; HFD; testosterone; and HFD+testosterone. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to assess histologic changes. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis were used to detect levels of related proteins. Compared with the control group, the prostate levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly increased, while the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased. The TNF-κB, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 levels were increased, while the Bax level was markedly decreased. The cytoplasmic expression of STAT3 and NF-κB was increased, while the nuclear expression of Nrf2 was markedly decreased compared with the control group. In summary, our results demonstrated that a long-term HFD might cause changes in inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, thus contributing to prostatic hyperplasia. The underlying mechanisms might be related to the STAT3/NF-κB- and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Li
- Department of urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Benkang Shi
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong
| | - Fengming Dong
- Department of urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Xingwang Zhu
- Department of urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Yili Liu
- Department of urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
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Potential Therapeutic Effects of Underground Parts of Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6340757. [PMID: 30719063 PMCID: PMC6334319 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6340757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) affects mainly older men. It is estimated to affect 50% of 51-60-year-old men and 70% of 61-70-year-old men. BPH is a nonmalignant proliferation of epithelial and stromal cells of the prostate gland regions. Despite the use of conventional pharmacological therapy, herbal medicines are used in BPH therapy, and several mechanisms of action have been suggested based on their complex chemical composition. Considering the ethnomedicinal uses of Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri (KGB), we evaluated the inhibitory effects on the proliferation of stromal cells from primary benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) of four different aqueous extracts from this plant: underground parts from specimens in flower (T1 treatment), leaves from specimens in flower (T2 treatment), and flowers (T3 treatment) and leaves from specimens not in flower (T4 treatment). T1, T2, T3, and T4 treatments at 250 μg/ml for 72 hours inhibited BPH cells by 56.7%, 29.2%, 39.4%, and 13.5%, respectively, showing that the KGB underground parts extract (T1 treatment) was the most active. Our findings show that the extract of the KGB underground parts (150 and 250 μg/ml) stimulates important changes in the BPH cells, modulating crucial processes such as proliferation, viability, and apoptosis. HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis provided a tentative identification of glycosylated syringic acid derivatives, glycosylated forms of volatile compounds, and lignans in this extract. Finally, these results suggest that there is a potential therapeutic use for KGB in BPH, which could improve the clinical management of the disease.
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Duborija-Kovacevic N, Tomic Z. Kidney, skeletal muscle and myocardium as potential target sites of Pygeum africanum toxicity in Wistar rats. Rev Int Androl 2018; 17:8-14. [PMID: 30691591 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extract of Pygeum africanum (PAE) is commonly used herbal medication in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In Montenegro and neighboring countries, PAE is primarily advertised as dietary supplement in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to broaden the current cognition concerning its safety profile. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were used. The first control group (O) received water and second control group (OO) received olive oil for 30 days. The third and fourth groups (PA5 and PA10) were treated with PAE dissolved in olive oil (50 and 100mg/kg p.o. daily). The behavior of animals was observed continuously, bodyweight gain (BWG) was calculated weekly and the weight of selected organs was measured at the end of experiment. Total protein and glutathione content of the liver were analyzed. Standard biochemical analyses were also performed. RESULTS BWG was higher in PA5 compared to both controls at all measuring intervals. Liver weight/body weight ratio was significantly higher in PA10 in comparison with O. Prostate weight/body weight ratio was lower in both PA5 and PA10 compared to OO, achieving statistical significance in PA5. The value of creatinine was higher in PA5 and PA10 compared to both control groups, but achieving statistical significance in PA10 only. LDH was also increased in PA5 and PA10 compared to both controls. CONCLUSIONS Both dosage regimens of PAE, particularly PA10, caused some toxicological effects in Wistar rats after one month of application. Kidney, skeletal muscle and/or myocardium are suspected as target sites of PA toxicity most likely. In order to provide more reliable conclusion it is necessary to conduct an additional research on the basis of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Duborija-Kovacevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School of the University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Zdenko Tomic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School of the University in Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Liu RF, Fu G, Li J, Yang YF, Wang XG, Bai PD, Chen YD. Roles of autophagy in androgen-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in castrated rats. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2703-2710. [PMID: 29456672 PMCID: PMC5795549 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of androgen in the process of androgen-induced prostate hyperplasia in castrated rats and assessed the role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway in this process. Furthermore, the extent to which autophagy may affect the level of androgen-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia was also explored. A total of 40 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Testosterone group, rapamycin group, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group, and control group. The extent of hyperplasia in prostate tissue the apoptosis and autophagy were assayed. The prostate wet weight, volume and index in the testosterone group were significantly higher compared with the control group (P<0.05) and these factors were significantly lower in the rapamycin group compared with the testosterone group (P<0.05). HE staining demonstrated that prostate hyperplasia was obvious in the testosterone group. Western blotting revealed that caspase-3 levels were higher in the 3-MA group compared with the control group and Bcl-2 was higher in the testosterone group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, in the rapamycin group, Bcl-2 protein expression levels were significantly lower than those in the testosterone group (P<0.05). The prostate tissue was analyzed using electron microscopy and autophagy bodies were identified in the rapamycin group. In the process of androgen-induced prostatic hyperplasia in castrated rats, the role of androgen may be related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Rapamycin was able to inhibit the effect of testosterone and promoted prostate tissue hyperplasia by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. In addition to inhibiting apoptosis in prostate cells, androgen was able to induce rat prostate hyperplasia and may also be related to the promotion of the proliferation of prostate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Fu Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Guo Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Pei-De Bai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
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Đorđević I, Milutinović M, Kostić M, Đorđević B, Dimitrijević M, Stošić N, Ranđelović M, Banković S, Kitić D. PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA TREATMENT BY PUMPKIN SEED (CUCURBITA PEPO L., CUCURBITACEAE). ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2016. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2016.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Minutoli L, Rinaldi M, Marini H, Irrera N, Crea G, Lorenzini C, Puzzolo D, Valenti A, Pisani A, Adamo EB, Altavilla D, Squadrito F, Micali A. Apoptotic Pathways Linked to Endocrine System as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081311. [PMID: 27529214 PMCID: PMC5000708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic condition common in older men that can result in bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms. The molecular mechanisms and networks underlying the development and the progression of the disease are still far from being fully understood. BPH results from smooth muscle cell and epithelial cell proliferation, primarily within the transition zone of the prostate. Apoptosis and inflammation play important roles in the control of cell growth and in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Disturbances in molecular mechanisms of apoptosis machinery have been linked to BPH. Increased levels of the glycoprotein Dickkopf-related protein 3 in BPH cause an inhibition of the apoptosis machinery through a reduction in B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 associated X protein (Bax) expression. Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins influence cell death by direct inhibition of caspases and modulation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. Current pharmacotherapy targets either the static component of BPH, including finasteride and dutasteride, or the dynamic component of BPH, including α-adrenoceptor antagonists such as tamsulosin and alfuzosin. Both these classes of drugs significantly interfere with the apoptosis machinery. Furthermore, phytotherapic supplements and new drugs may also modulate several molecular steps of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Mariagrazia Rinaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Herbert Marini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Crea
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Cesare Lorenzini
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Andrea Valenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonina Pisani
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Elena B Adamo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Omosa LK, Midiwo JO, Masila VM, Gisacho BM, Munayi R, Chemutai KP, Elhaboob G, Saeed MEM, Hamdoun S, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of 91 Kenyan indigenous medicinal plants towards human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:177-96. [PMID: 26721219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants from Kenyan flora are traditionally used against many ailments, including cancer and related diseases. Cancer is characterized as a condition with complex signs and symptoms. Recently there are recommendations that ethnopharmacological usages such as immune and skin disorders, inflammatory, infectious, parasitic and viral diseases should be taken into account when selecting plants that treat cancer. AIM The present study was aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity of a plethora of 145 plant parts from 91 medicinal plants, most of which are used in the management of cancer and related diseases by different communities in Kenya, against CCRF-CEM leukemia cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts from different plant parts (leaves, stems, stem bark, roots, root barks, aerial parts and whole herb) were obtained by cold percolation using different solvent systems, such as (1:1v/v) dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and n-hexane (1), methanol (MeOH) and CH2Cl2 (2); neat MeOH (3), 5% H2O in MeOH (4) and with ethanol (EtOH, 5); their cytotoxicities were determined using the resazurin reduction assay against CCRF-CEM cells. RESULTS At a single concentration of 10μg/mL, 12 out of 145 extracts exhibited more than 50% cell inhibition. These include samples from the root bark of Erythrina sacleuxii (extracted with 50% n-hexane-CH2Cl2), the leaves of Albizia gummifera, and Strychnos usambarensis, the stem bark of Zanthoxylum gilletii, Bridelia micrantha, Croton sylvaticus, and Albizia schimperiana; the root bark of Erythrina burttii and E. sacleuxii (extracted with 50% CH2Cl2-MeOH), the stem bark of B. micrantha and Z. gilletii (extracted using 5% MeOH-H2O) and from the berries of Solanum aculeastrum (extracted with neat EtOH). The EtOH extract of the berries of S. aculeastrum and A. schimperiana stem bark extract displayed the highest cytotoxicity towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells, with IC50 values of 1.36 and 2.97µg/mL, respectively. Other extracts having good activities included the extracts of the stem barks of Z. gilletii and B. micrantha and leaves of S. usambarensis with IC50 values of 9.04, 9.43 and 11.09µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provided information related to the possible use of some Kenyam medicinal plants, and mostly S. aculeastrum, A. schimperiana, C. sylvaticus, Z. gilletii, B. micrantha and S. usambarensis in the treatment of leukemia. The reported data helped to authenticate the claimed traditional use of these plants. However, most plants are used in combination as traditional herbal concoctions. Hence, the cytotoxicity of corresponding plant combinations should be tested in vitro to authenticate the traditional medical practitioners actual practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidah K Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jacob O Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Veronica M Masila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Boniface M Gisacho
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Renee Munayi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Gihan Elhaboob
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 321-11115, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sami Hamdoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Holmström F, Shimizu S, Shimizu T, Higashi Y, Martin DT, Honda M, Saito M. Protective effect of hydroxyfasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor, on ventral prostatic hyperplasia in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Prostate 2015; 75:1774-82. [PMID: 26286428 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway is associated with various cellular functions, such as smooth muscle contraction, inflammatory response, and cell proliferation. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is commonly used genetically hypertensive rat model which develops hyperplastic morphological abnormalities in the ventral prostate. We investigated whether administration of hydroxyfasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, could reduce the levels of growth factors, inflammatory markers, and morphological abnormalities in the ventral prostate of the SHR. METHODS Twelve-week-old SHRs were treated with hydroxyfasudil (1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle once daily for another 6 weeks. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats treated with vehicle were used as normotensive controls. At 18 weeks of age, blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the tail cuff method. Then the rats were sacrificed, and the ventral prostates were removed. The levels of ROCK activity, growth factors (TGF-β1 and bFGF), a smooth muscle differentiation marker (α-SMA) and an inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) in the ventral prostate were measured by ELISA and western blot. A histological evaluation in each group was also performed. RESULTS There were significant increases in blood pressure, prostate weight, prostate body weight ratio, and tissue levels of ROCK activity, TGF-β1, bFGF, α-SMA, and IL-6 in the SHR compared to the WKY rat. Histological examination of the ventral prostate showed morphological abnormalities such as a higher degree of proliferation in the glandular epithelial and stromal area in the SHR compared to the WKY rat. Treatment with hydroxyfasudil reduced the elevated ROCK activity, TGF-β1, bFGF, α-SMA, and IL-6 found in the ventral prostate of the SHR. Moreover, treatment with hydroxyfasudil decreased the morphological abnormalies in the SHR ventral prostate. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with hydroxyfasudil decreased the growth factors, an inflammatory cytokine, and morphological abnormalies in the SHR ventral prostate. These results suggest that chronic treatment with hydroxyfasudil may inhibit the progression of prostatic hyperplasia in the SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Holmström
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Darryl T Martin
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Masashi Honda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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Shimizu S, Shimizu T, Tsounapi P, Higashi Y, Martin DT, Nakamura K, Honda M, Inoue K, Saito M. Effect of Silodosin, an Alpha1A-Adrenoceptor Antagonist, on Ventral Prostatic Hyperplasia in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133798. [PMID: 26308715 PMCID: PMC4550428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A decreased prostatic blood flow could be one of the risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia/benign prostatic enlargement. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) shows a chronic prostatic ischemia and hyperplastic morphological abnormalities in the ventral prostate. The effect of silodosin, a selective alpha1A-adrenoceptor antagonist, was investigated in the SHR prostate as a prostatic hyperplasia model focusing on prostatic blood flow. Methods Twelve-week-old male SHRs were administered perorally with silodosin (100 μg/kg/day) or vehicle once daily for 6 weeks. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as normotensive controls and were treated with the vehicle. The effect of silodosin on blood pressure and prostatic blood flow were estimated and then the prostates were removed and weighed. The tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1/cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CXCL1/CINC1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were measured. The histological evaluation was also performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results There was a significant increase in blood pressure, prostate weight, prostate body weight ratio (PBR), tissue levels of MDA, IL-6, CXCL1/CINC1, TNF-α, TGF-β1, bFGF and α-SMA in the SHR compared to the WKY rat. The ventral prostate in the SHR showed the morphological abnormalities compared to the WKY rat. Prostatic blood flow was decreased in the SHR. However, treatment with silodosin significantly restored the decreased prostatic blood flow in the SHR. Moreover, silodosin normalized tissue levels of MDA, IL-6, CXCL1/CINC1, TNF-α, TGF-β1, bFGF and α-SMA, and it ameliorated ventral prostatic hyperplasia in the SHR excluding blood pressure. Silodosin decreased PBR but not prostate weight in the SHR. Conclusions Silodosin can inhibit the progression of prostatic hyperplasia through a recovery of prostatic blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Panagiota Tsounapi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Darryl T. Martin
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Kumiko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Masashi Honda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
- * E-mail:
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What do we know about phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia? Life Sci 2015; 126:42-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lin J, Zhou J, Zhong X, Hong Z, Peng J. Inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway by Qianliening capsules suppresses the growth and induces the apoptosis of human prostate cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2207-14. [PMID: 25394909 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway is one of the main growth factor‑mediated signal transduction pathways and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Qianliening capsules (QC) have significant therapeutic effects on BPH; however, the precise mechanism underlying its anti‑BPH activity remains to be elucidated. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism of the therapeutic effect of QC on BPH, the present study used epidermal growth factor (EGF), which has a role in the pathogenesis of BPH, to stimulate the growth of human prostate WPMY‑1 cells and activate the STAT3 pathway in the WPMY‑1 cells. The cell viability was determined using an MTT assay and the cell morphology was observed by phase‑contrast microscopy. Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis with Annexin‑V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and PI staining were performed to examine cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. The activation of caspase‑9 and ‑3 were evaluated by colorimetric assay. STAT3 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity were detected by western blot analysis and the luciferase gene reporter, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of B‑cell lymhoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax), cyclin D1, cyclin‑dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and p21 were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. In the present study, QC was found to significantly and dose‑dependently inhibit the EGF‑stimulated growth of WPMY‑1 cells, as evidenced by QC‑induced cell -morphological changes and a reduction in cell viability. In addition, QC treatment markedly induced the activation of caspase‑9 and ‑3. QC treatment also inhibited the EGF‑mediated increase of STAT3 phosphorylation levels and transcriptional activity in WPMY‑19 cells, accompanied by downregulation of the expression of Bcl‑2, cyclin D1 and CDK4 and upregulation of the expression of Bax and p21. These results suggested that QC effectively inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of human prostate cells via modulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and its target genes, which is likely to be one of the mechanisms underlying its activity in BPH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianheng Zhou
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Hong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Game X, Cornu JN, Robert G, Descazeaud A, Droupy S, Benard-Laribiere A, Bastide C, Guy L, Bruyére F, Karsenty G. [Drug therapy of urethral diseases]. Prog Urol 2013; 23:1287-98. [PMID: 24183087 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe drugs targeting urethra and prostate to treat dysfunctions such LUTS related to BPH, primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO), detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) or sphincter deficiency (SD). METHOD Pubmed search for efficacy, mode of action and side effects for each molecule. Additional data were searched from the French regulatory agencies web sites (HAS and ANSM). RESULTS To treat LUTS related to BPH alpha-blockers (AB) and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) have a clearer efficacy than plant extract. Daily Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) alone or in association with AB also demonstrate efficacy in this indication. AB are an option in PBNO and DSD related to multiple sclerosis. Although Botulinum toxin A derived molecules decrease urethral pressure in patient with DSD related to spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis, efficiency remains to be demonstrated. Duloxetine a serotonin reuptake inhibitor increases urethral sphincter pressure and reduce stress urinary incontinence in women and men. Nevertheless, moderate efficacy combine with frequent side effects lead French regulation agency to reject its agreement. CONCLUSION Armamenterium to treat urethral dysfunctions has recently increases. Two new therapeutic classes emerge: PDE5Is to treat LUTS related to BPH and an SRIs (Duloxetine) to treat stress urinary incontinence. Efficacy and safety evaluation of all the possible associations between drugs targeting urethra and/or bladder is needed to a subtler and more efficient pharmacologic modulation of lower urinary tract dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Game
- Département d'urologie, transplantation rénale et andrologie, CHU Rangueil, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse, France
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Coulson S, Rao A, Beck SL, Steels E, Gramotnev H, Vitetta L. A phase II randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy and safety of ProstateEZE Max: a herbal medicine preparation for the management of symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Complement Ther Med 2013; 21:172-9. [PMID: 23642948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ProstateEZE Max, an orally dosed herbal preparation containing Cucurbita pepo, Epilobium parviflorum, lycopene, Pygeum africanum and Serenoa repens in the management of symptoms of medically diagnosed benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH). DESIGN This was a short-term phase II randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. SETTING The trial was conducted on 57 otherwise healthy males aged 40-80 years that presented with medically diagnosed BPH. INTERVENTION The trial participants were assigned to receive 3 months of treatment (1 capsule per day) with either the herbal preparation (n = 32) or a matched placebo capsule (n = 25). OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the international prostate specific score (IPSS) measured at baseline, 1, 2 and 3 months. The secondary outcomes were the specific questions of the IPSS and day-time and night-time urinary frequency. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in IPSS total median score in the active group of 36% as compared to 8% for the placebo group, during the 3-months intervention (p < 0.05). The day-time urinary frequency in the active group also showed a significant reduction over the 3-months intervention (7.0-5.9 times per day, a reduction of 15.6% compared to no significant reduction change for the placebo group (6.2-6.3 times per day) (p < 0.03). The night-time urinary frequency was also significantly reduced in the active group (2.9-1.8, 39.3% compared to placebo (2.8-2.6 times, 7%) (p < 0.004). CONCLUSION The herbal preparation (ProstateEZE Max) was shown to be well tolerated and have a significant positive effect on physical symptoms of BPH when taken over 3 months, a clinically significant outcome in otherwise healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Coulson
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Centre for Integrative Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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[Phytotherapy in urology. Current scientific evidence of its application in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma]. Actas Urol Esp 2013; 37:114-9. [PMID: 23058996 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of phytotherapy in the treatment of the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (ADCP). ACQUISITION OF EVIDENCE Systematic review of the evidence published until January 2011 using the following scientific terms: phytotherapy, benign prostate hyperplasia, prostatic adenocarcinoma, prostate cancer and the scientific names of compounds following the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The databases used were Medline and The Cochrane Library. We included articles published until January 2011 written in English and Spanish. We included studies in vitro/in vivo on animal models or human beings. Exclusion criteria were literature not in English and Spanish or articles with serious methodological flaws. SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE We included 65 articles of which 40 met the inclusion criteria. BPH: the most studied products are serenoa repens and pygeum africanum. There are many studies in favour of the use of phytotherapy but its conclusions are inconsistent due to the small number of patients, the lack of control with placebo or short follow-up. However the use of these products is common in our environment. ADCP: there is no evidence to recommend phytotherapy in the treatment of the ADCP. There are works on prevention but only at experimental level so there is no evidence for its recommendation. CONCLUSIONS The scientific evidence on the use of phytotherapy in prostatic pathology is conclusive not recommend ing the use of it for BPH or the ADCP.
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Kadu CAC, Parich A, Schueler S, Konrad H, Muluvi GM, Eyog-Matig O, Muchugi A, Williams VL, Ramamonjisoa L, Kapinga C, Foahom B, Katsvanga C, Hafashimana D, Obama C, Vinceti B, Schumacher R, Geburek T. Bioactive constituents in Prunus africana: geographical variation throughout Africa and associations with environmental and genetic parameters. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 83:70-8. [PMID: 22795601 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Prunus africana--an evergreen tree found in Afromontane forests--is used in traditional medicine to cure benign prostate hyperplasia. Different bioactive constituents derived from bark extracts from 20 tree populations sampled throughout the species' natural range in Africa were studied by means of GC-MSD. The average concentration [mg/kgw/w] in increasing order was: lauric acid (18), myristic acid (22), n-docosanol (25), ferulic acid (49), β-sitostenone (198), β-sitosterol (490), and ursolic acid (743). The concentrations of many bark constituents were significantly correlated and concentration of n-docosanol was highly significantly correlated with all other analytes. Estimates of variance components revealed the highest variation among populations for ursolic acid (66%) and the lowest for β-sitosterol (20%). In general, environmental parameters recorded (temperature, precipitation, altitude) for the samples sites were not correlated with the concentration of most constituents; however, concentration of ferulic acid was significantly correlated with annual precipitation. Because the concentration of compounds in bark extracts may be affected by tree size, the diameter of sampled plants at 1.3m tree height (as proxy of age) was recorded. The only relationship with tree diameter was a negative correlation with ursolic acid. Under the assumption that genetically less variable populations have less variable concentrations of bark compounds, correlations between variation parameters of the concentration and the respective genetic composition based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers were assessed. Only variation of β-sitosterol concentration was significantly correlated with haplotypic diversity. The fixation index (F(IS)) was positively correlated with the variation in concentration of ferulic acid. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) indicated a weak geographic pattern. Mantel tests, however, revealed associations between the geographic patterns of bioactive constituents and the phylogenetic relationship among the populations sampled. This suggests an independent evolution of bark metabolism within different phylogeographical lineages, and the molecular phylogeographic pattern is partly reflected in the variation in concentration of bark constituents. The results have important implications for the design of strategies for the sustainable use and conservation of this important African tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A C Kadu
- Federal Research Centre for Forests-BFW, Department of Forest Genetics, Hauptstraße 7, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
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Chen J, Xiong CM, Song SS, Han P, Ruan JL. Fraction of macroporous resin from Smilax china L. inhibits testosterone propionate-induced prostatic hyperplasia in castrated rats. J Med Food 2012; 15:646-50. [PMID: 22510101 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a fraction of macroporous resin (FMR), a bioactive component of Smilax china L., on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in castrated rats induced by testosterone propionate. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: the negative control group (sham-operated), the model group, two FMR-treated groups (at doses of 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of body weight), and the positive control group (treated with finasteride at the dose of 3 mg/kg). Drugs were administered once a day for three consecutive weeks by gastric gavage. Prostates were weighed, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in serum were determined, and histopathological examinations were carried out. FMR treatment inhibited prostatic hyperplasia, reducing the DHT level in serum and improving the prostate gland morphology compared with the model group. The overall results of this study suggest that FMR is effective at inhibiting experimentally induced prostate enlargement, and it presents a valuable resource for the treatment of human BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resources Evaluation of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Larré S, Camparo P, Comperat E, Boulbés D, Haddoum M, Baulande S, Soularue P, Costa P, Cussenot O. Biological effect of human serum collected before and after oral intake of Pygeum africanum on various benign prostate cell cultures. Asian J Androl 2011; 14:499-504. [PMID: 22198631 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pygeum africanum (Tadenan) is a popular phytotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. The active compounds of the drug have not been identified, and determining the plasma concentration of the drug is, therefore, not possible. Because there are conflicting results on the efficacy of this drug, we aimed to investigate its effect on prostate cell growth in vitro using human serum collected before and after Pygeum africanum intake. We used primary and organotypic cultures of human prostatic stromal myofibroblast cell line WPMY and prostatic epithelial cell line PNT2. We also used fresh benign prostatic tissue. The serum of a treated man induced decreases in the proliferation of primary cells, organotypic cells and WPMY cells but not PNT2 cells. We also analysed the effect of treated serum on the gene expression profile of WPMY cells. The transcriptome analysis revealed an upregulation of genes involved in multiple tumour suppression pathways and a downregulation of genes involved in inflammation and oxidative-stress pathways. The oral intake of Pygeum africanum resulted in serum levels of active substances that were sufficient to inhibit the proliferation of cultured myofibroblasts prostatic cells. This inhibition was associated with changes in the transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Larré
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Peng YB, Zhou J, Gao Y, Li YH, Wang H, Zhang M, Ma LM, Chen Q, Da J, Wang Z, Li R. Normal prostate-derived stromal cells stimulate prostate cancer development. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1630-5. [PMID: 21672088 PMCID: PMC11159478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells play a decisive role in regulating tumor progression. In this study, we assessed the significance of normal prostate-derived stromal cells (PSCs) in prostate cancer development. An in vivo s.c. tumor model was established as follows: Group 1, DU145 cells alone; Group 2, DU145 + PSCs; Group 3, DU145 cells alone injected into pre-castrated mice; and Group 4, DU145 + PSCs injected into pre-castrated mice. Following injection, tumors were only detectable in the first two groups, with more aggressive growth in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly higher proliferation (P < 0.05), but not apoptosis or altered expression of androgen receptor in Group 2, as compared with Group 1. In vitro, DU145 cells isolated from Group 1 tumors showed lower viability and migratory capability than those from Group 2. cDNA microarray on isolated DU145 cells from Groups 1 and 2 revealed the differential expression of genes regulating cell cycle progression and cell mobility, including GADD45A, RHOV, KLK11, and PCK1. Our results suggest that stromal cells derived from normal prostate potentiate the development of tumor growth in vivo, which is achieved at least in part through the regulation of cell-cycle- and migration-related gene expression within the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bing Peng
- Department of Urology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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de Souza PAVR, Palumbo A, Alves LM, de Souza VP, Cabral LM, Fernandes PD, Takiya CM, Menezes FS, Nasciutti LE. Effects of a nanocomposite containing Orbignya speciosa lipophilic extract on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:135-146. [PMID: 21396436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a common complaint among aging men and are usually caused by Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). A number of medical treatments for LUTS/BPH exist, such as α-blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors, phytotherapeutical drugs and combination therapies. Babassu is the common name of a Brazilian native palm tree called Orbignya speciosa, whose kernels are commonly used (eaten entirely or as a grounded powder), in parts of Brazil for the treatment of urinary disorders. This study investigates the effects of Orbignya speciosa nanoparticle extract, a newly developed phytotherapic formulation derived from the kernels of babassu, in the treatment of BPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orbignya speciosa extract was obtained from the kernels, a nanoparticulate system was developed and acute toxicity test was performed. BPH primary stromal cell and tissue cultures were established and treated with 300μg/mL Orbignya speciosa nanoparticle (NanoOse) extract in order to evaluate its effects on apoptosis induction, cytotoxicity, cell morphology and proliferation. RESULTS Our results indicated that NanoOSE shows no toxicity in animals and acts incisively by promoting morphological cell changes, reducing cell proliferation as well as inducing necrosis/apoptosis on BPH cells and tissues. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first report of the successful use of NanoOSE on BPH treatment which corroborates with the popular use of the kernels of this plant. The results also suggest the potential of NanoOSE as a candidate new phytotherapeutic agent on the management of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A V Reis de Souza
- Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Roell D, Baniahmad A. The natural compounds atraric acid and N-butylbenzene-sulfonamide as antagonists of the human androgen receptor and inhibitors of prostate cancer cell growth. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 332:1-8. [PMID: 20965230 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from the plant Pygeum africanum are widely used in the therapy of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and in combinational therapy for prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death and the mostly diagnosed form of cancer in men. The androgen receptor (AR) plays a crucial role in the development of the prostate as well as in prostate diseases. Even though the extracts from P. africanum are considered as beneficial for prostate diseases in clinical trials, and some active compounds for treatment of BPH could be identified, compounds responsible for AR inhibition and the molecular mechanism for inhibition of prostatitis need to be identified. Recently, atraric acid and N-butylbenzene-sulfonamide were isolated from a selective dichlormethane extract of P. africanum as two novel AR antagonistic compounds. The molecular mechanisms of AR inhibition were analyzed and are summarized here. Both compounds are the first known natural, complete and specific AR antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Roell
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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