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Tsunemori H, Sugimoto M. Effects of inflammatory prostatitis on the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A literature review. Int J Urol 2021; 28:1086-1092. [PMID: 34342061 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a major disease that affects the quality of life of middle-aged and older men. Although >70% of men aged >70 years have pathological benign prostatic hyperplasia, its pathogenesis and progression remain unclear. In this article, we reviewed the scientific literature on this condition and examined the development of lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinically, the weight of the prostate is not always proportional to the severity of the symptoms, and many factors can influence the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Other than androgens, chronic inflammation can play an essential role in its development and the induction of symptoms, especially in symptomatic hyperplasia, because inflammatory cell infiltration is frequently observed in the prostate. Inflammation-induced changes in the prostate environment lead to changes in gene expression and subsequent chronicity of inflammation. It has been suggested that chronic asymptomatic prostatitis might be associated with changes in prostate structure and subsequent symptoms. In animal studies, the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs in rats with chronic prostatitis prevented the infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased the gland-to-stroma ratio. It is hoped that future research on the molecular biology of asymptomatic prostatitis might help to develop new therapeutic strategies for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with symptomatic prostatitis. Our conclusions provide a comprehensive insight into the prevalence and development of benign prostate hyperplasia and the treatment methods that can be used to treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsunemori
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mikio Sugimoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
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2
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Almeer RS, Muhammad NAE, Othman MS, Aref AM, Elgamal B, Moneim AEA. The Potential Protective Effect of Orange Peel and Selenium against 17β-Estradiol- Induced Chronic Non-Bacterial Prostatitis in Rats. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1061-1071. [PMID: 32228431 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200331102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate Cancer (PCa) is defined as a major health problem faced by the male population. AIM We aimed to investigate the protective effects of Orange Peel Extract (OPE) and/or Selenium (Se) on chronic non-bacterial prostatitis in a rat model. METHODS Fifty-six adult male Wistar albino rats were castrated; after 5 days, they were divided randomly into eight groups (n= 7). The control group received saline treatment; while 17β-estradiol (E2) (0.25mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously in rats from Groups V, VI, VII, and VIII to induce chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. They were then treated with OPE (400mg/kg body weight; Groups II, IV, VI, and VIII) and/or sodium selenite (0.5mg/kg body weight; Groups III, IV, VII, and VIII) for 30 days. Interleukin-2 (IL2) and Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 (PCA3) mRNA expressions were determined using qPCR; Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) protein expression was determined immunohistochemically. Prostate tissue histology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes were measured. RESULTS E2 administration significantly increased IL2 and PCA3 mRNA expressions, and PSA protein expression. It also increased the prostate wet weight and body weight, and lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels, decreased the glutathione and antioxidant enzyme levels and caused distinct histological alterations in the prostate gland. OPE and/or Se markedly improved all the studied parameters due to their antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION OPE and Se showed protective effects against 17β-estradiol-induced chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. These results suggest that protection of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis by OPE+Se combination involves anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. Moreover, their synergistic mechanism was mostly achieved via the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafa S Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada A E Muhammad
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Othman
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Modern Sciences and Arts University (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Aref
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Modern Sciences and Arts University (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Basma Elgamal
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Zhao Q, Yang F, Meng L, Chen D, Wang M, Lu X, Chen D, Jiang Y, Xing N. Lycopene attenuates chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation via the interaction of NF-κB, MAPKs, and Nrf2 signaling pathways in rats. Andrology 2020; 8:747-755. [PMID: 31880092 PMCID: PMC7317562 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is identified as a urinary andrological diseases that afflict men due to various discomforts. It is urgent and meaningful to develop the novel and effective treatments as a result of the unclear etiology and dismal therapeutic effect of CP/CPPS. Lycopene exerts a crucial role in numerous chronic inflammatory diseases owing to its potent antioxidant capacity. Objective This study aimed to observe the effect of lycopene on CP/CPPS and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods A CP/CPPS model with complete Freund's adjuvant was established in this study. Afterward, intragastric lycopene or corn oil was administered daily for 4 consecutive weeks. Finally, the cardiac blood and prostate tissue samples were collected from rats to carry out related evaluation and testing. Results It was found in this study that lycopene alleviated changes in prostate histopathology compared with those in the complete Freund's adjuvant‐induced CP/CPPS model rats without lycopene treatment. Furthermore, lycopene was suggested to reduce the levels of chemokines MCP1 and MIP‐1α, down‐regulate the expression levels of cytokines (such as TNFα, IL‐1β, IL‐2, and IL‐6), and up‐regulate those of CAT, GSH‐PX, and T‐SOD, decrease that of malondialdehyde. Moreover, it also inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs, NF‐κB, and enhanced phosphorylation of the Nrf2 in the CP/CPPS rat model. Discussion and Conclusions The findings in this study suggest that lycopene exerts potent anti‐ CP/CPPS Seffects through alleviating inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which is probably attributed to the interaction of NF‐κB, MAPKs, and Nrf2 signaling pathways in rats. As a natural antioxidant, lycopene may serve as a promising pharmaceutical preparation for treating CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxin Zhao
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feiya Yang
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingquan Meng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingshuai Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxing Lu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dexi Chen
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Sugimoto M, Zhang X, Ueda N, Tsunemori H, Taoka R, Hayashida Y, Hirama H, Miyauchi Y, Matsuoka Y, Naito H, Osaki Y, Kekehi Y. A phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, tadalafil, suppresses stromal predominance and inflammation in a rat model of nonbacterial prostatitis. BMC Urol 2019; 19:99. [PMID: 31646996 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-019-0525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is thought to be a major causative factor for the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5-I), which has been used for the treatment of BPH-LUTS in daily practice, is known to act at several urinary organs. In this study, focused on the prostate, we examined the effect of tadalafil on the pathological changes and inflammatory factors in a rat nonbacterial prostatitis (NBP) model. METHODS Forty ten-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into nonbacterial prostatitis (NBP), NBP with tadalafil treatment (NBP-tadalafil), control, and control treated with tadalafil (control-tadalafil) groups (n = 10 per group). The NBP and NBP-tadalafil groups were castrated and then received daily subcutaneous 17β-estradiol for 30 days. The control-tadalafil and NBP-tadalafil groups were administered daily oral tadalafil for 30 days. All rats were then sacrificed and pathological changes and inflammatory factors were assessed in the prostatic tissues. RESULTS In the NBP group, the stroma-to-epithelium (S/E) ratio in the ventral prostate was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). In the NBP-tadalafil group, the S/E ratio was significantly lower than in the NBP group (P < 0.001). The macrophage levels and the extent of T-cell infiltration in the NBP-tadalafil group were significantly lower than in the NBP group (P < 0.005; P < 0.001, respectively). Compared with the NBP group, tissue concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8, and interleukin-1β, were significantly downregulated in the NBP-tadalafil group (P < 0.01; P < 0.05; P < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Tadalafil suppressed stromal predominance and showed anti-inflammatory effects in a rat NBP model in association with downregulation of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Sugimoto
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nobufumi Ueda
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsunemori
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Rikiya Taoka
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yusi Hayashida
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hirama
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Miyauchi
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hirohito Naito
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yu Osaki
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yosiyuki Kekehi
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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Yamaguchi H, Kurita M, Okamoto K, Kotera T, Oka M. Voiding behavior and chronic pelvic pain in two types of rat nonbacterial prostatitis models: Attenuation of chronic pelvic pain by repeated administration of tadalafil. Prostate 2019; 79:446-453. [PMID: 30549073 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) and prostatitis induced by 17β-estradiol treatment combined with castration (hormone/castration-induced prostatitis; HCP) are the most commonly used rodent models of nonbacterial prostatitis. We studied the effect of the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor tadalafil on chronic pelvic pain in two such models in rats. METHODS EAP was induced by intradermal injection of rat prostate antigen and complete Freund's adjuvant on Days 0 and 28. HCP was induced by castration followed by daily subcutaneous injection of 17β-estradiol for 30 days. On Day 42 after antigen injection in the EAP model and Day 30 after castration in the HCP model, we investigated voiding behavior, pelvic pain (measured by applying von Frey filaments to the lower abdomen), and inflammatory changes, including changes in histopathology and IL-1β, CCL2, and CCL3 mRNA levels. We investigated the effect of repeated administration of tadalafil on chronic pelvic pain in both models. RESULTS In the EAP model, we observed inflammation in the ventral prostate, while in the HCP model, we observed inflammation in the lateral lobe of the prostate. Neither model showed any change in voiding behavior. As well as in the EAP model, in which chronic pelvic pain was observed, we found for the first time that HCP led to a significant increase in chronic pelvic pain. Repeated treatment with tadalafil attenuated the chronic pelvic pain in both models. CONCLUSIONS Chronic pelvic pain was induced in both EAP and HCP models. Tadalafil significantly attenuated the chronic pelvic pain in both models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maki Kurita
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kotera
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Oka
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Kim SJ, Jeon SH, Kwon EB, Jeong HC, Choi SW, Bae WJ, Cho HJ, Ha US, Hong SH, Lee JY, Hwang SY, Kim SW. Improvement of Persistent Detrusor Overactivity through Treatment with a Phytotherapeutic Agent (WSY-1075) after Relief of Bladder Outlet Obstruction. World J Mens Health 2017; 36:153-160. [PMID: 29076300 PMCID: PMC5924957 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.17010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Many patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia need treatment for remaining storage symptoms after surgery. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of the phytotherapeutic agent WSY-1075 on persistent detrusor overactivity (DO) after the relief of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Materials and Methods Rats were assigned to 3 groups: control (n=6), persistent DO (n=6), and persistent DO treated with the phytotherapeutic agent WSY-1075 (n=6). Persistent DO after relief of partial BOO was generated in the rat model, and 6 of the rats with this condition were orally administered WSY-1075. After 4 weeks of administration, cystometry was performed. Additionally, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and superoxide dismutase were measured to evaluate oxidative stress in the bladder. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α, were analyzed, as were the M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors of the bladder. Results Significantly increased contraction pressure and a decreased contraction interval were observed in the persistent DO group after relief of BOO. Moreover, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and M3 muscarinic receptors were significantly increased. After treatment with WSY-1075, significantly reduced DO was observed by cystometry in comparison with the persistent DO group. Additionally, significantly decreased levels of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and M3 muscarinic receptors in the bladder were observed after treatment with WSY-1075. Conclusions Treatment with WSY-1075 improved persistent DO after the relief of BOO mediated by antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Further studies are necessary to identify the exact mechanism of the treatment effect of WSY-1075.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Jeon
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Bi Kwon
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Biomedical Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Woong Choi
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong Jin Bae
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Jin Cho
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - U Syn Ha
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Huang TR, Li W, Peng B. Correlation of inflammatory mediators in prostatic secretion with chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 28762547 DOI: 10.1111/and.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common clinical syndrome, and the mechanisms underlying the relationship between CP/CPPS and ED are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the differential expression of 40 inflammatory mediators in patients with CP/CPPS and to demonstrate whether these mediators related to the severity of erectile function. Eighty cases of patients with CP/CPPS were selected, including 40 cases of IIIA and 40 cases of IIIB, with 20 cases of healthy men as controls. After collecting their expressed prostatic secretion, cytokines levels in EPS were determined by ELISA using ELISA kits. The IIEF-5 questionnaire was used to evaluate erectile function. IIEF-5 scores were significantly lower in the IIIA and IIIB groups than those in the control group. The expression of IL-8, IL-1β and ICAM-1 was markedly higher in the IIIA and IIIB groups than in the control group. The expression of IL-8, IL-1β and ICAM-1 in the IIIA group was higher than that in the IIIB group. The expression of IL-8, IL-1β and ICAM-1 was negatively correlated with IIEF-5 scores in both IIIA and IIIB patients. In conclusion, IL-8, IL-1β and ICAM-1 are possible indicators for the clinical diagnosis of CP/CPPS and evaluation of erectile function on patients with CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - B Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Taoka R, Kakehi Y. The influence of asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis on the onset and progression of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with histologic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Asian J Urol 2017; 4:158-163. [PMID: 29264225 PMCID: PMC5717984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition that greatly affects the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly men. Histopathologically, hyperplastic changes frequently occur in the prostate tissue of elderly men, the incidence of which has been reported to reach approximately 80% in men in their 70s. In clinical practice, approximately 25% of men with histologic BPH are assumed to experience lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and receive some kind of treatment. In other words, there are some men with histologic BPH who do not exhibit LUTS. For that reason, many factors, such as the change in hormonal environment, the immune or autoimmune response, the alteration of gene expression, and so on, are thought to affect the onset and progression of LUTS in men with histologic BPH. One such factor that has long drawn attention is the presence of asymptomatic histological inflammation, which very often accompanies symptomatic BPH. Recent studies have suggested that asymptomatic histological inflammation causes repeated destruction, healing, and regeneration of the prostate tissue, leading to the enlargement of prostatic nodules, while at the same time causing stromal tissue-predominant remodeling of the prostate tissue, which can increase urination resistance and result in the condition changing from asymptomatic BPH to symptomatic BPH. In future, the biomolecular clarification of the significance of asymptomatic histological inflammation in the prostate tissue could help develop new treatment strategies for BPH accompanied by LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikiya Taoka
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kakehi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
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9
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Im SJ, Han IH, Kim JH, Gu NY, Seo MY, Chung YH, Ryu JS. Inflammatory response of a prostate stromal cell line induced byTrichomonas vaginalis. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:218-27. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Im
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology; Hanyang University College of Medicine; Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea
| | - I. H. Han
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology; Hanyang University College of Medicine; Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science; Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering; Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea
| | - J. H. Kim
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology; Hanyang University College of Medicine; Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science; Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering; Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea
| | - N. Y. Gu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology; Hanyang University College of Medicine; Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science; Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering; Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea
| | - M. Y. Seo
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology; Hanyang University College of Medicine; Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea
| | - Y. H. Chung
- Department of Microbiology; Hanyang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J. S. Ryu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology; Hanyang University College of Medicine; Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science; Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering; Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea
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10
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Iwamura H, Koie T, Soma O, Matsumoto T, Imai A, Hatakeyama S, Yoneyama T, Hashimoto Y, Ohyama C. Eviprostat has an identical effect compared to pollen extract (Cernilton) in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a randomized, prospective study. BMC Urol 2015; 15:120. [PMID: 26643109 PMCID: PMC4672535 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-015-0115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previously reported results of a prospective, randomized placebo-controlled study showed that the pollen extract (Cernilton) significantly improved total symptoms, pain, and quality of life in patients with inflammatory prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) without severe side effects. A phytotherapeutic agent, Eviprostat, is reportedly effective in a rat model of nonbacterial prostatitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and safety of Eviprostat to that of the pollen extract in the management of CP/CPPS. Methods The patients with category III CP/CPPS were randomized to receive either oral capsules of Eviprostat (two capsules, q 8 h) or the pollen extract (two capsules, q 8 h) for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study was symptomatic improvement in the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI). Participants were evaluated using the NIH-CPSI and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks. Results In the intention-to-treat analysis, 100 men were randomly allocated to Eviprostat (n = 50) or the pollen extract (n = 50). Response (defined as a decrease in the NIH-CPSI total score by at least 25 %) in the Eviprostat group and the pollen extract group was 88.2 and 78.1 %, respectively. There was no significant difference in the total, pain, urinary, and quality of life (QOL) scores of the NIH-CPSI between the two groups at 8 weeks. This was also the case with the total, voiding, and storage symptoms of the IPSS. There were no severe adverse events observed in any patients in this study. Conclusion Both the pollen extract and Eviprostat significantly reduced the symptoms of category III CP/CPPS without any adverse events. Eviprostat may have an identical effect on category III CP/CPPS compared the pollen extract. Trial registration The study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry in Japan (UMIN000019618); registration date: 3 November 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Iwamura
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Takuya Koie
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Osamu Soma
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Teppei Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yoneyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
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11
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Kashyap M, Pore S, Wang Z, Gingrich J, Yoshimura N, Tyagi P. Inflammasomes are important mediators of prostatic inflammation associated with BPH. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:37. [PMID: 25991911 PMCID: PMC4436794 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background There is mounting evidence to support the role of inflammation in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and a recent study reported expression of inflammasome derived cytokine IL-18 in prostate biopsy of BPH patients. Here we examined the expression of inflammasome-derived cytokines and activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor with pyrin domain protein 1 (NLRP) 1 inflammasome in a rat model of prostatic inflammation relevant to BPH. Methods Prostatic inflammation was experimentally induced in three-month-old male Sprague–Dawley rats by intraprostatic injection (50 μL) of either 5 % formalin or saline (sham) into the ventral lobes of prostate. 7 days later, prostate and bladder tissue was harvested for analysis of inflammasome by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and downstream cytokine production by Milliplex. Results Expression of interleukins, CXC and CC chemokines were elevated 2-15 fold in formalin injected prostate relative to sham. Significant expression of NLRP1 inflammasome components and caspase-1 in prostate were associated with significant elevation of pro and cleaved forms of IL-1β (25.50 ± 1.16 vs 3.05 ± 0.65 pg/mg of protein) and IL-18 (1646.15 ± 182.61 vs 304.67 ± 103.95 pg/mg of protein). Relative to prostate tissue, the cytokine expression in bladder tissue was much lower and did not involve inflammasome activation. Conclusions Significant upregulation of NLRP1, caspase-1 and downstream cytokines (IL-18 and IL-1β) suggests that a NLRP1 inflammasome is assembled and activated in prostate tissue of this rat model. Recapitulation of findings from human BPH specimens suggests that the inflammasome may perpetuate the inflammatory state associated with BPH. Further clarification of these pathways may offer innovative therapeutic targets for BPH-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Kashyap
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Subrata Pore
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gingrich
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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Wang X, Zhong S, Xu T, Xia L, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Zhang M, Shen Z. Histopathological classification criteria of rat model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 47:307-16. [PMID: 25409932 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A variety of murine models of experimental prostatitis that mimic the phenotype of human chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) have been developed. However, there is still a lack of explicit diagnosis criteria about those animal model. Our study is to establish histopathological classification criteria, which will be conducive to evaluate the animal models. METHODS We firstly established a rat model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis that is considered a valid model for CP/CPPS. For modelling, male Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized with autologous prostate tissue homogenate supernatant emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant by subcutaneous injection into abdominal flank and simultaneously immunized with pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine by intraperitoneal injection. Three immunizations were administered semimonthly. At the 45th day, animals were killed, and prostate tissues were examined for morphology. RESULTS Histologically, the prostate tissues were characterized by lymphoproliferation, atrophy of acini, and chronic inflammatory cells infiltration in the stromal connective tissue around the acini or ducts. Finally, we built histopathological classification criteria incorporating inflammation locations (mesenchyme, glands, periglandular tissues), ranges (focal, multifocal, diffuse), and grades (grade I-IV). To verify the effectiveness and practicability of the histopathological classification criteria, we conducted the treatment study with one of the alpha blockers, tamsulosin. CONCLUSION The histopathological classification criteria of rat model of CP/CPPS will serve for further research of the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjin Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197# Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China,
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13
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Xu D, Xiong H, Xiao Z, He J, Liao Q, Xue L, Wang N, Yang Q. Uterine Cytokine Profile in a Rat Model of Endometritis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:214-20. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daojun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
| | - Hailin Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
| | - Zhonglin Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
| | - Jun He
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
| | - Qing Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
| | - Liqun Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
| | - Naidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
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14
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The alteration of inflammatory markers and apoptosis on chronic prostatitis induced by estrogen and androgen. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 47:39-46. [PMID: 25248630 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The age-related decline of the testosterone-to-estrogen (T-to-E2) ratio in serum is associated with the increased prevalence of prostatic inflammation. The goal of the study was to induce prostatic inflammation with E2 and androgen treatment and to explore the inflammatory markers and apoptosis on prostatitis. METHODS Castrated SD rats were treated with E2 and different doses of androgens to achieve an elevated concentration of E2 and a wide range of the androgen-to-E2 ratio in serum. Inflammatory markers TNF-α, COX-2 and MIP-1α were immunohistochemically stained. Apoptosis detection was evaluated by TUNEL staining. E2, T and DHT concentrations in serum were measured, and the relative weight of the prostate and seminal vesicles were determined. RESULTS T was anti-inflammatory at the doses which normalized or over stimulated the growth of the prostate and seminal vesicles. Experimentally, prostatitis induced by E2 alone increased the prostatic levels of the inflammatory markers TNF-a, COX-2 and MIP-1a. As signs of anti-estrogenic actions, androgens dose-dependently decreased the expression of TNF-α, COX-2 and MIP-1α. Prostatitis induced by E2 alone caused extensive apoptosis in the castrate-resistant cells and E2-induced apoptosis occurred dependently of T manipulation. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen-alone-induced inflammatory response could promote the expression of inflammatory markers; however, T supplementation reduces the expression of inflammatory markers and E2-induced apoptosis occurs dependently on T manipulation in prostatitis.
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15
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The Phytotherapeutic Agent, Eviprostat, Suppresses Stromal Proliferation and Inflammation Even After Establishment of Nonbacterial Prostatitis in the Rat Prostate. Urology 2014; 83:528-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hu Y, Xiong L, Huang W, Cai H, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Lu B. Anti-inflammatory effect and prostate gene expression profiling of steryl ferulate on experimental rats with non-bacterial prostatitis. Food Funct 2014; 5:1150-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00052h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Steryl ferulate (SF) is a bioactive mixture extracted from rice bran and shows higher inhibitory activity against inflammation than the corresponding free sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhou Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Fuli Institute of Food Science
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture
| | - Lina Xiong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Fuli Institute of Food Science
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture
| | - Weisu Huang
- Department of Applied Technology
- Zhejiang Economic & Trade Polytechnic
- Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huafang Cai
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences
- Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yanxi Luo
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences
- Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Fuli Institute of Food Science
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Fuli Institute of Food Science
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture
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Matsumoto S, Kawai Y, Oka M, Oyama T, Hashizume K, Wada N, Hori JI, Tamaki G, Kita M, Iwata T, Kakizaki H. Bladder function in 17β-estradiol-induced nonbacterial prostatitis model in Wistar rat. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 45:749-54. [PMID: 23616059 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-013-0442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate bladder function in a model of nonbacterial prostatitis (NBP) induced in castrated rats by 17β-estradiol injection. METHODS Ten-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, sham and NBP (both N = 8). NBP was induced by castration followed by daily subcutaneous injection of 17β-estradiol for 30 days. On the 31st day after surgery, we investigated (1) voiding behavior, (2) bladder blood flow (BBF), (3) prostate and bladder weight, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and CXCL1) levels and (4) bladder contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS), carbachol and KCl. RESULTS (1) Voiding behavior (average micturition volume, total urine volume and number of micturitions) and (2) BBF were not significantly different between the sham and NBP groups. (3) NBP led to a significant decrease in prostatic weight and increase in proinflammatory cytokine levels in the prostate, but NBP did not cause a significant change in bladder weight or proinflammatory cytokine levels in the bladder. (4) Bladder contractile forces in response to EFS, carbachol and KCl were not significantly affected by NBP. CONCLUSIONS In this rat model, NBP did not cause a significant change in the level of proinflammatory cytokines in the bladder and affect bladder function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Matsumoto
- Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1, Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
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Kawai Y, Oka M, Kyotani J, Oyama T, Matsumoto S, Kakizaki H. Effect of the phytotherapeutic agent eviprostat on the bladder in a rat model of bladder overdistension/emptying. Neurourol Urodyn 2012; 32:1031-7. [PMID: 23143863 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an important factor in the development of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that is partly mediated by the generation of free radicals. We investigate the effect of the phytotherapeutic agent Eviprostat, a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, on urinary bladder blood flow (BBF), and function in a rat model of bladder overdistension and emptying (OE). METHODS For 8 days before surgery, OE rats received daily oral Eviprostat (36 mg/kg/day) or vehicle, while sham-operated animals received vehicle. The bladder was distended by infusion of saline over a period of 2 hr (overdistension) and then emptied. After 24 hr, BBF was measured with a laser speckle blood flow imager. The oxidative-stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), proinflammatory cytokines, and myeloperoxidase were determined in the isolated bladder, and histological analysis was performed. Functional contractile responses of bladder strips to electrical field stimulation, carbachol, and KCl were measured. RESULTS Twenty-four hours after bladder OE, a significant decrease in BBF and significant increases in bladder weight, malondialdehyde, proinflammatory cytokines, and myeloperoxidase were observed. Eviprostat almost completely prevented these changes. Histological analysis of the bladder of OE rats showed hemorrhage, accumulation of leukocytes, desquamation of epithelium, and edema, and Eviprostat suppressed these changes. The reduction in functional contractile forces in the bladder of OE rats was also prevented by Eviprostat. CONCLUSION Eviprostat-mediated suppression of increased bladder oxidative stress and inflammation caused by bladder OE may contribute to the improvement of BBF and bladder function by Eviprostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kawai
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Nishinosho-monguchi-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Matsui T, Oka M, Fukui T, Tanaka M, Oyama T, Sagawa K, Nomiya M, Yamaguchi O. Suppression of bladder overactivity and oxidative stress by the phytotherapeutic agent, Eviprostat, in a rat model of atherosclerosis-induced chronic bladder ischemia. Int J Urol 2012; 19:669-75. [PMID: 22458726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the mechanism by which chronic bladder ischemia causes bladder functional changes, and to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the effects of the phytotherapeutic drug, Eviprostat, on these biochemical marker levels and bladder function. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 15 weeks were divided into three groups. Arterial injury was experimentally induced by balloon endothelial injury of the iliac arteries, and a 2% cholesterol diet was given for 8 weeks. Rats in the arterial-injury group were given daily oral vehicle or Eviprostat, whereas sham-operated animals on a regular diet (0.09% cholesterol) were given vehicle for the last 2 weeks. Eight weeks after surgery, the levels of bladder pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as bladder and urinary oxidative-stress markers, were determined. Cystometrograms were carried out without anesthesia or restraint. RESULTS Bladder and urinary oxidative-stress markers, and bladder pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased in the arterial-injury group, and Eviprostat markedly suppressed these increase. The cystometrograms showed that arterial injury decreased the intermicturition interval without affecting the micturition pressure. This decrease was reversed by Eviprostat treatment. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines might be involved in the development of overactive bladder by atherosclerosis-induced chronic bladder ischemia. Eviprostat might provide an attractive treatment option for individuals with bladder dysfunction due to chronic bladder ischemia because of its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Matsui
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan.
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