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Pospieszna J, Dams-Kozlowska H, Udomsak W, Murias M, Kucinska M. Unmasking the Deceptive Nature of Cancer Stem Cells: The Role of CD133 in Revealing Their Secrets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10910. [PMID: 37446085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, and its complexity poses a significant challenge to effective treatment. Cancer stem cells and their markers have become key players in tumor growth and progression. CD133, a marker in various cancer types, is an active research area as a potential therapeutic target. This article explores the role of CD133 in cancer treatment, beginning with an overview of cancer statistics and an explanation of cancer stem cells and their markers. The rise of CD133 is discussed, including its structure, functions, and occurrence in different cancer types. Furthermore, the article covers CD133 as a therapeutic target, focusing on gene therapy, immunotherapy, and approaches to affect CD133 expression. Nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles and nanoliposomes are also discussed in the context of CD133-targeted therapy. In conclusion, CD133 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. As research in this area progresses, it is hoped that CD133-targeted therapies will offer new and effective treatment options for cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pospieszna
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wachirawit Udomsak
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kucinska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
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2
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Nong S, Wei Z, Wang Z, Ma L, Guan Y, Ni J. Reduced DAPK1 Expression Promotes Stem Cell-Like Characteristics of Prostate Cancer Cells by Activating ZEB1 via Hippo/YAP Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:934-945. [PMID: 34289746 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant tumor that originates in the male genitourinary system. Downregulation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is closely related to PCa. Little is known about the functional role of DAPK1 in regulating cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics of PCa cells, and we have conducted research on this topic. Compared with tumor-adjacent normal tissues, DAPK1 was severely downregulated in tumor tissues of PCa patients. DAPK1 expression was also reduced in PCa cell lines with respect to that in normal prostate cells. Moreover, we sorted PCa-CSCs (PCa-CD133+ cells) from PCa cells. PCa-CD133+ cells also exhibited a reduced DAPK1 level and elevated levels of stem cell markers (CD44, OCT4, and SOX2). DAPK1 knockdown promoted sphere formation and enhanced the proportions of PCa-CD133+/PCa-CD133- cells. Inhibition of DAPK1 also accelerated migration and invasion of PCa-CD133+ cells. In addition, DAPK1 interacted with zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox-1 (ZEB1) and repressed ZEB1 expression in PCa-CD133+ cells. DAPK1 suppressed Hippo/YAP signaling pathway by interacting with ZEB1. Finally, we generated a tumor xenograft model to verify the effect of PCa-CD133+ cells following DAPK1 overexpression on tumor growth of PCa. DAPK1 overexpression inhibited tumor growth of PCa and repressed the expression of ZEB1, YAP, and TAZ in the tumor tissues of PCa mice. In conclusion, reduced DAPK1 expression promoted stem cell-like characteristics of PCa cells through activating ZEB1 via Hippo/YAP signaling pathway. Taken together, this work sheds lights on the potential of DAPK1 as a target for PCa therapeutics from bench to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Nong
- Department of Urological Surgery and The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Urological Surgery and The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yangbo Guan
- Department of Urological Surgery and The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Urological Surgery and The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Aghajani M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Safaei S, Asadzadeh Z, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Khaze Shahgoli V, Baradaran B. CD133 suppression increases the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to paclitaxel. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3691-3703. [PMID: 32246247 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the major barriers in cancer therapy is the resistance to conventional therapies and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are among the main causes of this problem. CD133 as a CSC marker displays stem cell-like properties, tumorigenic capacity, and drug resistance in various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism behind CD133 function in prostate cancer (PC) still remains unclear. This research aimed to illustrate the probabilistic mechanism of CD133-siRNA and paclitaxel in the reduction of chemoresistance in PC cells. To measure the cell viability, migratory capacity, CSCs properties, invasive potential, apoptosis and cell cycle progression of the cells, the MTT, wound healing, spheroid assay, colony formation assay, DAPI staining and flow cytometry assays were applied in the LNCaP cell line, respectively. Also, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot method were used for measuring the expression of CD133 and the effects of CD133 silencing on the AKT/mTOR/c-myc axis and pro-metastatic genes expression. We showed that the CD133-siRNA considerably decreased the CD133 expression. Moreover, CD133-siRNA and paclitaxel treatment significantly decreased cell proliferation and also inhibited the ability of cell migration and invasion and reduced pro-metastatic genes expression. Additionally, we found that the simultaneous use of CD133-siRNA and paclitaxel increased the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Our results confirmed that CD133 silencing combined with paclitaxel synergistically could suppress cell migration, invasion, and proliferation and enhance the chemosensitivity compared with mono treatment. Therefore, CD133 silencing therapy could be viewed as a promising and efficient strategy in PC targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Aghajani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Khaze Shahgoli
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Fakiruddin KS, Lim MN, Nordin N, Rosli R, Zakaria Z, Abdullah S. Targeting of CD133+ Cancer Stem Cells by Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expressing TRAIL Reveals a Prospective Role of Apoptotic Gene Regulation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091261. [PMID: 31466290 PMCID: PMC6770521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as vehicles for anti-tumor cytotherapy; however, investigation on its efficacy to target a specific cancer stem cell (CSC) population in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lacking. Using assays to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression, we investigated the efficacy of MSCs expressing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (MSC-TRAIL) to target and destroy CD133+ (prominin-1 positive) NSCLC-derived CSCs. Characterization of TRAIL death receptor 5 (DR5) revealed that it was highly expressed in the CD133+ CSCs of both H460 and H2170 cell lines. The human MSC-TRAIL generated in the study maintained its multipotent characteristics, and caused significant tumor cell inhibition in NSCLC-derived CSCs in a co-culture. The MSC-TRAIL induced an increase in annexin V expression, an indicator of apoptosis in H460 and H2170 derived CD133+ CSCs. Through investigation of mitochondria membrane potential, we found that MSC-TRAIL was capable of inducing intrinsic apoptosis to the CSCs. Using pathway-specific gene expression profiling, we uncovered candidate genes such as NFKB1, BAG3, MCL1, GADD45A, and HRK in CD133+ CSCs, which, if targeted, might increase the sensitivity of NSCLC to MSC-TRAIL-mediated inhibition. As such, our findings add credibility to the utilization of MSC-TRAIL for the treatment of NSCLC through targeting of CD133+ CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Shaik Fakiruddin
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia.
| | - Moon Nian Lim
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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5
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Fakiruddin KS, Ghazalli N, Lim MN, Zakaria Z, Abdullah S. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expressing TRAIL as Targeted Therapy against Sensitised Tumour. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082188. [PMID: 30060445 PMCID: PMC6121609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tapping into the ability of engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to mobilise into the tumour has expanded the scope of cancer treatment. Engineered MSCs expressing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (MSC-TRAIL) could serve as a platform for an efficient and targeted form of therapy. However, the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to TRAIL and apoptosis may represent a challenge for effective treatment. Nonetheless, with the discovery of small molecular inhibitors that could target CSCs and tumour signalling pathways, a higher efficacy of MSC-TRAIL mediated tumour inhibition can be achieved. This might pave the way for a more effective form of combined therapy, which leads to a better treatment outcome. In this review, we first discuss the tumour-homing capacity of MSCs, its effect in tumour tropism, the different approach behind genetically-engineered MSCs, and the efficacy and safety of each agent delivered by these MSCs. Then, we focus on how sensitisation of CSCs and tumours using small molecular inhibitors can increase the effect of these cells to either TRAIL or MSC-TRAIL mediated inhibition. In the conclusion, we address a few questions and safety concerns regarding the utilization of engineered MSCs for future treatment in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Shaik Fakiruddin
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia.
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nadiah Ghazalli
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Moon Nian Lim
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia.
| | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia.
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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6
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Kalantari E, Asgari M, Nikpanah S, Salarieh N, Asadi Lari MH, Madjd Z. Co-Expression of Putative Cancer Stem Cell Markers CD44 and CD133 in Prostate Carcinomas. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 23:793-802. [PMID: 28083789 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main players of prostate tumorigenesis thus; characterization of CSCs can pave the way for understanding the early detection, drug resistance, metastasis and relapse. The current study was conducted to evaluate the expression level and clinical significance of the potential CSC markers CD44 and CD133 in a series of prostate tissues. One hundred and forty eight prostate tissues composed of prostate cancer (PCa), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) were immunostained for the putative CSC markers CD44 and CD133. Subsequently, the correlation between the expression of these markers and the clinicopathological variables was examined. A higher level of CD44 expression was observed in 42% of PCa, 57% of HGPIN, and 42% BPH tissues. In the case of CD133 expression PCa, HGPIN, and BPH samples demonstrated high immunoreactivity in 46%, 43%, and 42% of cells, respectively. Statistical analysis showed an inverse significant correlation between CD44 expression with Gleason score of PCa (P = 0.02), while no significant correlation was observed between CD133 expression and clinicopathological parameters. A significant reciprocal correlation was observed between the expression of two putative CSC markers CD44 and CD133 in PCa specimens while not indicating clinical significance. Further clinical investigation is required to consider these markers as targets of new therapeutic strategies for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asgari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Pathology, Hasheminejad Urology-Nephrology Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedehmoozhan Nikpanah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghme Salarieh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asadi Lari
- Department of Cellular, Anatomical and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Wei X, Orjalo AV, Xin L. CD133 does not enrich for the stem cell activity in vivo in adult mouse prostates. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:597-606. [PMID: 27010655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133 is widely used as a marker for stem/progenitor cells in many organ systems. Previous studies using in vitro stem cell assays have suggested that the CD133-expressing prostate basal cells may serve as the putative prostate stem cells. However, the precise localization of the CD133-expressing cells and their contributions to adult murine prostate homeostasis in vivo remain undetermined. We show that loss of function of CD133 does not impair murine prostate morphogenesis, homeostasis and regeneration, implying a dispensable role for CD133 in prostate stem cell function. Using a CD133-CreER(T2) model in conjunction with a fluorescent report line, we show that CD133 is not only expressed in a fraction of prostate basal cells, but also in some luminal cells and stromal cells. CD133(+) basal cells possess higher in vitro sphere-forming activities than CD133(-) basal cells. However, the in vivo lineage tracing study reveals that the two cell populations possess the same regenerative capacity and contribute equally to the maintenance of the basal cell lineage. Similarly, CD133(+) and CD133(-) luminal cells are functionally equivalent in maintaining the luminal cell lineage. Collectively, our study demonstrates that CD133 does not enrich for the stem cell activity in vivo in adult murine prostate. This study does not contradict previous reports showing CD133(+) cells as prostate stem cells in vitro. Instead, it highlights a substantial impact of biological contexts on cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, United States; Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Arturo V Orjalo
- Biological Technologies, Analytical Development & Quality Control, Genentech Inc., United States
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, United States; Department of Pathology and Immunology, United States; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, United States.
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8
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Baharuddin P, Satar N, Fakiruddin KS, Zakaria N, Lim MN, Yusoff NM, Zakaria Z, Yahaya BH. Curcumin improves the efficacy of cisplatin by targeting cancer stem-like cells through p21 and cyclin D1-mediated tumour cell inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:13-25. [PMID: 26531053 PMCID: PMC4699625 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds such as curcumin have the ability to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of common chemotherapy agents through cancer stem-like cell (CSC) sensitisation. In the present study, we showed that curcumin enhanced the sensitivity of the double-positive (CD166+/EpCAM+) CSC subpopulation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549 and H2170) to cisplatin-induced apoptosis and inhibition of metastasis. Our results revealed that initial exposure of NSCLC cell lines to curcumin (10–40 µM) markedly reduced the percentage of viability to an average of ~51 and ~54% compared to treatment with low dose cisplatin (3 µM) with only 94 and 86% in both the A549 and H2170 cells. Moreover, sensitisation of NSCLC cell lines to curcumin through combined treatment enhanced the single effect induced by low dose cisplatin on the apoptosis of the double-positive CSC subpopulation by 18 and 20% in the A549 and H2170 cells, respectively. Furthermore, we found that curcumin enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on the highly migratory CD166+/EpCAM+ subpopulation, marked by a reduction in cell migration to 9 and 21% in the A549 and H2170 cells, respectively, indicating that curcumin may increase the sensitivity of CSCs to cisplatin-induced migratory inhibition. We also observed that the mRNA expression of cyclin D1 was downregulated, while a substantial increased in p21 expression was noted, followed by Apaf1 and caspase-9 activation in the double-positive (CD166+/EpCAM+) CSC subpopulation of A549 cells, suggested that the combined treatments induced cell cycle arrest, therefore triggering CSC growth inhibition via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, we provided novel evidence of the previously unknown therapeutic effects of curcumin, either alone or in combination with cisplatin on the inhibition of the CD166+/EpCAM+ subpopulation of NSCLC cell lines. This finding demonstrated the potential therapeutic approach of using curcumin that may enhance the effects of cisplatin by targeting the CSC subpopulation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puteri Baharuddin
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Nazilah Satar
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), University Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Shaik Fakiruddin
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Norashikin Zakaria
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), University Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Moon Nian Lim
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), University Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), University Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia
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9
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Reyes EE, Gillard M, Duggan R, Wroblewski K, Kregel S, Isikbay M, Kach J, Brechka H, Weele DJV, Szmulewitz RZ, Griend DJV. Molecular analysis of CD133-positive circulating tumor cells from patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 1:http://oatext.com/Molecular-analysis-of-CD133-positive-circulating-tumor-cells-from-patients-with-metastatic-castration-resistant-prostate-cancer.php. [PMID: 26753099 PMCID: PMC4704802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The function and clinical utility of stem cell markers in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains unresolved, and their expression may confer important therapeutic opportunities for staging and therapy. In the adult human prostate, CD133 (PROM1) expression identifies infrequent prostate epithelial progenitor cells and putative cancer stem cells. Previous work demonstrated an association with CD133 and cancer cell proliferation using in vitro model systems. The primary objective here was to investigate the expression of CD133 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with mCRPC and to test the hypothesis that patients with mCRPC had CD133-positive CTCs associated with increased cell proliferation, changes in the androgen receptor (AR) protein expression, or AR nuclear co-localization. We utilized ImageStreamX technology, which combines flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, to capture and analyze CD45-negative/EpCAM-positive CTCs for CD133, Ki-67, and AR. All patient samples (20/20) contained CD133-positive populations of CTCs, and on average 50.9 ± 28.2% (range of 18.2% to 100%) of CTCs were CD133-positive. CD133-positive CTCs have increased Ki-67 protein expression compared to CD133-negative CTCs, implying that CD133-positive CTCs may have greater proliferative potential when compared to their CD133-negative counterparts. CD133-positive and CD133-negative CTCs have similar levels of AR protein expression and cellular co-localization with nuclear markers, implying that CD133 expression is independent of AR pathway activity and an AR-independent marker of mCRPC proliferation. These studies demonstrate the presence of CD133-positive populations in CTCs from mCRPC with increased proliferative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin E Reyes
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Gillard
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Duggan
- Flow Cytometry Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven Kregel
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masis Isikbay
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacob Kach
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hannah Brechka
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J Vander Weele
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell Z Szmulewitz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald J Vander Griend
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Reyes EE, VanderWeele DJ, Isikbay M, Duggan R, Campanile A, Stadler WM, Vander Griend DJ, Szmulewitz RZ. Quantitative characterization of androgen receptor protein expression and cellular localization in circulating tumor cells from patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Transl Med 2014; 12:313. [PMID: 25424879 PMCID: PMC4252013 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many current therapies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are aimed at AR signaling; however, resistance to these therapies is inevitable. To personalize CRPC therapy in an individual with clinical progression despite maximal AR signaling blockade, it is important to characterize the status of AR activity within their cancer. Biopsies of bone metastases are invasive and frequently fail to yield sufficient tissue for further study. Evaluation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offers an alternative, minimally invasive mechanism to characterize and study late-stage disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of CTC interrogation with respect to the AR as a potential novel therapeutic biomarker in patients with mCRPC. METHODS Fifteen mL of whole blood was collected from patients with progressive, metastatic mCRPC, the mononuclear cell portion was isolated, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to isolate and evaluate CTCs. A novel protocol was optimized to use ImageStreamX to quantitatively analyze AR expression and subcellular localization within CTCs. Co-expression of AR and the proliferation marker Ki67 was also determined using ImageStreamX. RESULTS We found inter-patient and intra-patient heterogeneity in expression and localization of AR. Increased AR expression and nuclear localization are associated with elevated co-expression of Ki-67, consistent with the continued role for AR in castration-resistant disease. Despite intra-patient heterogeneity, CTCs from patients with prior exposure to abiraterone had increased AR expression compared to CTCs from patients who were abiraterone-naïve. CONCLUSIONS As our toolbox for targeting AR function expands, our ability to evaluate AR expression and function within tumor samples from patients with late-stage disease will likely be a critical component of the personalized management of advanced prostate cancer. AR expression and nuclear localization varies within patients and between patients; however it remains associated with markers of proliferation. This supports a molecularly diverse AR-centric pathobiology imparting castration-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin E Reyes
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Masis Isikbay
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ryan Duggan
- Flow Cytometry Facility, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alexa Campanile
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Walter M Stadler
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Glowa C, Peschke P, Karger CP, Hahn EW, Huber PE, Debus J, Ehemann V. Flow cytometric characterization of tumor subpopulations in three sublines of the Dunning R3327 rat prostate tumor model. Prostate 2013; 73:1710-20. [PMID: 23853045 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subsets of tumor cells were characterized by mapping DNA ploidy patterns in correlation with established cell surface markers in three non-treated sublines of the Dunning R3327 prostate tumor system representing different progressional stages. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to analyze DNA-index, cell cycle distribution as well as multiparametric aquisition of single and combined cell surface markers in single cell suspensions of frozen tumor tissues. RESULTS The three Dunning prostate tumor sublines clearly differ in their ploidy status. In addition each tumor subline displays a characteristic cell surface marker profile, which is correlated with the cell cycle phase and the amount of genomic alterations. CONCLUSIONS In a feasibility study we have shown that cross-reacting antibodies to human cell surface markers stain discrete tumor subpopulations in three sublines of the Dunning tumor model. Although it remains presently uncertain, which cell surface markers are most suitable for cell sorting to display cancer initiating (CIC) properties following subcutaneous or orthotopic grafting, the model may be useful for mechanistic investigations of putative stem-like tumor subpopulations and their significance in response to radio- or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Glowa
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Jiang Y, Dai J, Zhang H, Sottnik JL, Keller JM, Escott KJ, Sanganee HJ, Yao Z, McCauley LK, Keller ET. Activation of the Wnt pathway through AR79, a GSK3β inhibitor, promotes prostate cancer growth in soft tissue and bone. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:1597-610. [PMID: 24088787 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0332-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Due to its bone anabolic activity, methods to increase Wnt activity, such as inhibitors of dickkopf-1 and sclerostin, are being clinically explored. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3β) inhibits Wnt signaling by inducing β-catenin degradation, and a GSK3β inhibitor, AR79, is being evaluated as an osteoanabolic agent. However, Wnt activation has the potential to promote tumor growth; therefore, the goal of this study was to determine if AR79 has an impact on the progression of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer tumors were established in subcutaneous and bone sites of mice followed by AR79 administration, and tumor growth, β-catenin activation, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed. Additionally, prostate cancer and osteoblast cell lines were treated with AR79, and β-catenin status, proliferation (with β-catenin knockdown in some cases), and proportion of ALDH(+)CD133(+) stem-like cells were determined. AR79 promoted prostate cancer tumor growth, decreased phospho-β-catenin, increased total and nuclear β-catenin, and increased tumor-induced bone remodeling. Additionally, AR79 treatment decreased caspase-3 and increased Ki67 expression in tumors and increased bone formation in normal mouse tibiae. Similarly, AR79 inhibited β-catenin phosphorylation, increased nuclear β-catenin accumulation in prostate cancer and osteoblast cell lines, and increased proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro through β-catenin. Furthermore, AR79 increased the ALDH(+)CD133(+) cancer stem cell-like proportion of the prostate cancer cell lines. In conclusion, AR79, while being bone anabolic, promotes prostate cancer cell growth through Wnt pathway activation. IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that clinical application of pharmaceuticals that promote Wnt pathway activation should be used with caution as they may enhance tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, 5308 CCGC, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-8940.
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Kapoor S. Prominin-1 and its role in tumor progression and assessment of clinical prognosis in systemic malignancies. J Breast Cancer 2013; 16:244. [PMID: 23843860 PMCID: PMC3706873 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2013.16.2.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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