1
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Johnson JR, Kittles RA. Genetic ancestry and racial differences in prostate tumours. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 19:133-134. [PMID: 34815564 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R Johnson
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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2
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Hinton JP, Dvorak K, Roberts E, French WJ, Grubbs JC, Cress AE, Tiwari HA, Nagle RB. A Method to Reuse Archived H&E Stained Histology Slides for a Multiplex Protein Biomarker Analysis. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2040086. [PMID: 31731599 PMCID: PMC6960855 DOI: 10.3390/mps2040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Archived Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained pathology slides are routinely stored to index formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sample tissue blocks. FFPE blocks are clinically annotated human tumor specimens that can be valuable in studies decades after the tissue is collected. If stored properly, they have the potential to yield a valuable number of serial sectioned slides for diagnostic or research purposes. However, some retrospective studies are limited in scope because the tissue samples have been depleted or not enough material is available in stored blocks for serial sections. The goal of these studies was to determine if archived H&E-stained slides can be directly reutilized by optimizing methods to de-stain and then re-stain the H&E stained slides to allow the detection of several biomarkers of interest using a conjugated antibody with chromogen multiplex immunohistochemistry procedure. This simple but innovative procedure, combined with image analysis techniques, demonstrates the ability to perform precise detection of relevant markers correlated to disease progression in initially identified tumor regions in tissue. This may add clinical value in retaining H&E slides for further use.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Hinton
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Ventana/Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA; (K.D.); (E.R.); (W.J.F.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Katerina Dvorak
- Ventana/Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA; (K.D.); (E.R.); (W.J.F.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Esteban Roberts
- Ventana/Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA; (K.D.); (E.R.); (W.J.F.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Wendy J. French
- Ventana/Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA; (K.D.); (E.R.); (W.J.F.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Jon C. Grubbs
- Ventana/Roche Tissue Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA; (K.D.); (E.R.); (W.J.F.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Anne E. Cress
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-520-626-7553
| | - Hina A. Tiwari
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Raymond B. Nagle
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
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3
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Hernández-Llodrà S, Juanpere N, de Muga S, Lorenzo M, Gil J, Font-Tello A, Agell L, Albero-González R, Segalés L, Merino J, Serrano L, Fumadó L, Cecchini L, Lloreta-Trull J. ERG overexpression plus SLC45A3 (prostein) and PTEN expression loss: Strong association of the triple hit phenotype with an aggressive pathway of prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74106-74118. [PMID: 29088771 PMCID: PMC5650326 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TMPRSS2 and SLC45A3 rearrangements may coexist in the same tumor. ERG rearrangements and PTEN loss are concomitant events in prostate cancer (PrCa), and can cooperate in progression. We have reported that mRNA expression of TMPRSS2-ERG and SLC45A3-ERG rearrangements plus PTEN loss define an aggressive tumor subset. The aim of this study has been to validate these results by immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of tumors. ERG, SLC45A3 and PTEN immunostaining and their association with pathological features and PSA progression-free survival were analyzed in 220 PrCa (PSMAR-Biobank, Barcelona, Spain). ERG protein expression was found in 46.8% and SLC45A3 and PTEN loss in 30% and 34% tumors, respectively. Single ERG positive immunostaining was associated with GS = 6 tumors (p = 0.016), double ERG+/PTEN loss with GS = 7 (p = 0.008) and Grade Group 2 (GG) or GG3 cases (p = 0.042), ERG+/SLC45A3 loss/PTEN loss ("triple hit") with GS ≥ 8 (p < 0.0001) and GG4 or GG5 tumors (p = 0.0003). None of GS = 6 nor = GG1 cases showed this combination. In the GS ≥ 8 group, ERG+ (p = 0.002), PTEN loss (p = 0.009) and "triple hit" (p = 0.003) were associated with Gleason pattern 3 component, and single SLC45A3 loss (p = 0.036) with GS ≥ 8 without pattern 3. The number of aberrant events and the triple hit were strongly associated with shorter PSA progression-free survival. In GS = 6 PrCa, single ERG+ was also associated with progression. ERG+ identifies a distinct pathway of PrCa. Additional assessment of PTEN and SLC45A3 adds relevant prognostic information. The triple hit phenotype (ERG+/SLC45A3 loss/PTEN loss) is associated with progression and could be used for patient stratification, treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuria Juanpere
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia de Muga
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Agell
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura Segalés
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Serrano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Fumadó
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Cecchini
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lloreta-Trull
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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The association of Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:114-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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5
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Prognostic value of ERG, PTEN, CRISP3 and SPINK1 in predicting biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3621-3630. [PMID: 27284364 PMCID: PMC4887942 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The established prognostic factors associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma are the Gleason score, pathological T staging and serum prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) level. However, these prognostic factors alone are not sufficient for predicting prognostic characteristics, including early stage or advanced prostate cancer, presence of metastasis or disease-related mortality. The purpose of the present study was to simultaneously evaluate the prognostic value and associations of four biomarkers, namely, transcriptional regulator ERG (ERG), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3) and serine protease inhibitor Kazal type I (SPINK1), and to conduct risk stratification of prostate cancer for use in patient management. A total of 68 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, prostate cancer samples from radical prostatectomies were obtained in the Kyung Hee University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) and were studied immunohistochemically for ERG, PTEN, CRISP3 and SPINK1 to determine the proportion and intensity of staining. SPINK1 expression was mutually exclusive of ERG expression (P=0.001). The loss of PTEN and high CRISP3 expression are unfavorable indicators for prostate cancer, as PTEN loss was associated with shorter biochemical recurrence (BCR) (P=0.039), and high CRISP3 expression was associated with increased BCR (P<0.001) and cancer-related mortalities (P=0.011). Using the combination of low PTEN and high CRISP3 expression enables attention to be focused on patients who exhibit a poor prognosis. Subgrouping of patients, into high-risk and low-risk categories, was correlated with BCR-free survival in prostate cancer upon multivariate analysis (P=0.030). Overall, low PTEN and high CRISP3 expression significantly characterize the subgroups of prostate cancer that have a poor prognosis for BCR.
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6
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Determination of Optimum Formalin Fixation Duration for Prostate Needle Biopsies for Immunohistochemistry and Quantum Dot FISH Analysis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 23:364-73. [PMID: 25265431 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate biopsy is the key clinical specimen for disease diagnosis. However, various conditions used during biopsy processing for histologic analysis may affect the performance of diagnostic tests, such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), or in situ hybridization (ISH). One such condition that may affect diagnostic test performance is fixation duration in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF). For example, prostate needle biopsies are often <1 mm in diameter and thus overfixed. It is important to understand the impact of tissue fixation duration on diagnostic test performance to enable optimized assay procedures. This study was designed to study the effect of 10% NBF fixation duration of prostate needle biopsy on multiplexed quantum dot (QD) ISH assay of ERG and PTEN, 2 genes commonly altered in prostate cancer. The samples were also evaluated for H&E staining and ERG and PTEN IHC. H&E staining and ERG and PTEN IHC were acceptable for all the durations of fixation tested. For QD ISH, we observed good signals with biopsy samples fixed from 4 to 120 hours. Biopsy specimens fixed between 8 and 72 hours gave the best signal as scored by the study pathologist. In a separate cohort of 18 routinely processed prostate biopsy cores, all cores were stained successfully with the QD ISH assay, and results were 100% concordant to ERG and PTEN IHC. We conclude that 8 to 72 hours duration of fixation for prostate needle biopsies in 10% NBF results in optimal QD ISH assay performance.
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7
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Almami A, Hegazy SA, Nabbi A, Alshalalfa M, Salman A, Abou-Ouf H, Riabowol K, Bismar TA. ING3 is associated with increased cell invasion and lethal outcome in ERG-negative prostate cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9731-8. [PMID: 26803516 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of growth family member 3 (ING3) is a member of the ING tumor suppressor family. Although its expression has been reported in various types of cancers, the role of ING3 and its prognostic value in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been investigated. ING3 expression and prognostic value was assessed in a cohort of PCa patients (n = 312) treated with transurethral resection of prostate using immumoflourescent automated quantitative analysis (AQUA) system. In vitro studies were carried out in conjunction to investigate its expression in various PCa cell lines. ING3 knockdown was also carried out in DU145 cell lines to assess for any changes in invasion and migration. ING3 expression was highest in benign prostate tissues (mean 3.2 ± 0.54) compared to PCa (mean 2.5 ± 0.26) (p = 0.437), advanced prostate cancer (AdvPCa) (mean 1.5 ± 0.32) (p = 0.004), and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) (mean 2.28 ± 0.32) (p = 0.285). ING3 expression was inversely correlated to Gleason score (p = 0.039) and ETS-related gene (ERG) expression (p = 0.019). Higher ING3 expression was marginally associated with lethal disease (p = 0.052), and this was more pronounced in patients with ERG-negative status (p = 0.018). Inhibition of ING3 in DU145 PCa cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA) was associated with decreased cell invasion (p = 0.0016) and cell migration compared to control cells. ING3 is significantly associated with PCa disease progression and cancer-specific mortality. To our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting an oncogenic function of ING3, previously well known as a tumor suppressor protein. Further studies should investigate potential-related pathways in association to ING3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Almami
- Medical Science Department Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samar A Hegazy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arash Nabbi
- Medical Science Department Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Asma Salman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hatem Abou-Ouf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karl Riabowol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Departments of Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tarek A Bismar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Departments of Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,The Prostate Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Oncology, University of Calgary-Cumming School of Medicine, Rockyview General Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, T2V 1P9, Canada.
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8
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ERG expression in prostate cancer: biological relevance and clinical implication. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:1781-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Font-Tello A, Juanpere N, de Muga S, Lorenzo M, Lorente JA, Fumado L, Serrano L, Serrano S, Lloreta J, Hernández S. Association of ERG and TMPRSS2-ERG with grade, stage, and prognosis of prostate cancer is dependent on their expression levels. Prostate 2015; 75:1216-26. [PMID: 25939480 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is controversy in the literature on the role of the fusion TMPRSS2-ERG in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer. The quantitative differences in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion expression have received very limited attention in the literature. METHODS We have quantitatively analyzed the mRNA levels of TMPRSS2-ERG, ERG, PTEN, and AR (n = 83), as well as ERG immunostaining (n = 78) in a series of prostate tumors. RESULTS Among the TMPRSS2-ERG cases (n = 57), high fusion levels were associated with GS ≥8 (P = 0.025). ERG mRNA overexpression was associated with GS ≥8 (P = 0.047), and with stage T3-T4 tumors (P = 0.032). Among the ERG overexpressing cases (n = 54), higher expression levels were found in 92.3% of GS ≥8 tumors (P = 0.02). ERG immunostaining, regardless of staining intensity, was also associated with high stage (P = 0.05). There was a statistical association between ERG immunostaining and PSA progression-free survival (Log Rank test, P = 0.048). Decreased PTEN expression was associated with TMPRSS2-ERG (P = 0.01), ERG mRNA overexpression (P = 0.003) and ERG immunostaining (P = 0.007). Furthermore, decreased PTEN expression, alone (P = 0.041) and also combined with TMPRSS2-ERG (P = 0.04) or with ERG overexpression (P = 0.04) was associated with GS ≥7 tumors. CONCLUSIONS Although more studies are needed to further clarify their role, our findings emphasize that the expression levels of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion and ERG mRNA, rather than their mere presence, are related to a more aggressive phenotype, have an effect on prognosis and could be molecular markers of progression for prostate cancer. Furthermore, ERG immunohistochemistry could be also a potentially useful prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Font-Tello
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Juanpere
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia de Muga
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Lorente
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Fumado
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Serrano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Germans Tries i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lloreta
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Hernández
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Novel RNA hybridization method for the in situ detection of ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5 gene fusions in prostate cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 22:e32-40. [PMID: 25203299 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis of 50% to 60% of prostate cancer (PCa) is attributable to rearrangements in E26 transformation-specific (ETS) (ERG, ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5), BRAF, and RAF1 genes and overexpression of SPINK1. The development and validation of reliable detection methods are warranted to classify various molecular subtypes of PCa for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. ETS gene rearrangements are typically detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction methods. Recently, monoclonal antibodies against ERG have been developed that detect the truncated ERG protein in immunohistochemical assays where staining levels are strongly correlated with ERG rearrangement status by fluorescence in situ hybridization. However, specific antibodies for ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5 are unavailable, challenging their clinical use. We developed a novel RNA in situ hybridization-based assay for the in situ detection of ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from prostate needle biopsies, prostatectomy, and metastatic PCa specimens using RNA probes. Further, with combined RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry we identified a rare subset of PCa with dual ETS gene rearrangements in collisions of independent tumor foci. The high specificity and sensitivity of RNA in situ hybridization provides an alternate method enabling bright-field in situ detection of ETS gene aberrations in routine clinically available PCa specimens.
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11
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Kim SH, Kim SH, Joung JY, Lee GK, Hong EK, Kang KM, Yu A, Nam BH, Chung J, Seo HK, Park WS, Lee KH. Overexpression of ERG and Wild-Type PTEN Are Associated with Favorable Clinical Prognosis and Low Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122498. [PMID: 25897494 PMCID: PMC4405492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of two commonly altered genes ERG and PTEN in prostate cancer (PC) and evaluate their prognostic significance. Despite conflicting published results, TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion and PTEN loss are generally considered unfavorable markers for PC progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of the 762 prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens obtained from radical prostatectomy, 613 without neoadjuvant hormone therapy were included in tissue microarrays for quantitatively assessment of ERG and PTEN expression via immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis of the association between such expression and clinicopathological parameters, including clinical prognosis, was performed with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 44.0 months, 132 (21.5%) patients developed biochemical recurrence (BCR). ERG overexpression and PTEN loss were observed in 145 (23.7%) and 253 (41.3%) cases, respectively. BCR-free survival was significantly better in patients with ERG overexpression (p=0.005), but unfavorable among those with PTEN loss (p=0.142). Sub-group analysis revealed that patients with PTEN loss and negative ERG expression had the worst BCR-free survival outcome (p=0.021). Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified prostate-specific antigen level (≥10 ng/mL), Gleason score (>6), pathologic T stage (≥T3), positive surgical margin, and extraprostatic capsule extension as significant risk factors for BCR (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that ERG overexpression was associated with favorable BCR-free survival after radical prostatectomy for PC, whereas PTEN loss was with unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Soo Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Seoul
| | - Jae Young Joung
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Geon Kook Lee
- Department of Pathology, Center for Prostate cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Hong
- Department of Pathology, Center for Prostate cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kang
- Biometric Research Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ami Yu
- Biometric Research Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Byung Ho Nam
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Chung
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Seo
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Weon Seo Park
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Center for Prostate cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- * E-mail: (KHL); (WSP)
| | - Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- * E-mail: (KHL); (WSP)
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12
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Wang Y, Dai B. PTEN genomic deletion defines favorable prognostic biomarkers in localized prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:5430-5437. [PMID: 26131120 PMCID: PMC4483905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED PTEN (10q23.3) is a negative regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3)/Akt survival pathway and a tumor suppressor frequently deleted in prostate cancer. PTEN genomic deletion is among the most common genetic aberrations in human prostate cancer. At present, the prognostic value of PTEN genomic deletion is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between PTEN genomic deletion and a higher Gleason score or a higher possibility of capsular penetration. A comprehensive, computerized literature search of PubMed was carried out until May 27, 2014. Studies were included according to specific inclusion criteria. Pooled hazard ratio was estimated using the fixed effects model or random effects model according to heterogeneity between studies. Seven eligible studies meeting the specific inclusion criteria were selected for further analysis; all were retrospective studies. Overall meta-analysis demonstrated that PTEN genomic deletion was associated with a higher Gleason score (OR 0.319; 95% confidence interval: 0.153-0.666; P = 0.000) and a higher possibility of capsular penetration (OR 0.393; 95% confidence interval: 0.185-0.837; P = 0.015). None of the studies materially altered the original results and no evidence of publication bias was found. CONCLUSION PTEN genomic deletion in operable localized prostate cancer indicates a higher Gleason score and a higher probability of capsular penetration, indicating a worse prognosis. Further studies should be conducted in order to investigate the effect of PTEN genomic deletion on clinical outcomes in different histological types of prostate cancer or its function in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 20032, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 20032, China
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13
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Tolkach Y, Imkamp F, Godin K, Van Poppel H. Clinically relevant genetic characterization of prostate tumors: how close are we to the goal? Korean J Urol 2015; 56:90-8. [PMID: 25685295 PMCID: PMC4325124 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2015.56.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial efforts are being made in research on the molecular genetic characterization of prostate cancer. The number of fundamental research programs in prostate cancer molecular biology and genetics is overwhelming. However, a significant gap appears to exist between the huge number of studies on the genetic characterization of prostate cancer, which often have limited translation into clinical practice or simply were not conceived to be so translated, and clinical practice. From a clinical point of view, this balance should be urgently shifted towards rapid translation into urological practice. However, prostate cancer is characterized by prominent genetic heterogeneity, which could be a very difficult barrier to overcome. In this review, we discuss the possible clinical applications of scientific data from fundamental studies of prostate cancer genetics, the main problems with the translation of these data to clinics, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tolkach
- Urology and Urologic Oncology Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Imkamp
- Urology and Urologic Oncology Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hendrik Van Poppel
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Felgueiras J, Fardilha M. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1-interacting proteins as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. World J Pharmacol 2014; 3:120-139. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v3.i4.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major public health concern worldwide, being one of the most prevalent cancers in men. Great improvements have been made both in terms of early diagnosis and therapeutics. However, there is still an urgent need for reliable biomarkers that could overcome the lack of cancer-specificity of prostate-specific antigen, as well as alternative therapeutic targets for advanced metastatic cases. Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is a post-translational modification critical to the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PPP1) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase, whose specificity is determined by its interacting proteins. These interactors can be PPP1 substrates, regulators, or even both. Deregulation of this protein-protein interaction network alters cell dynamics and underlies the development of several cancer hallmarks. Therefore, the identification of PPP1 interactome in specific cellular context is of crucial importance. The knowledge on PPP1 complexes in prostate cancer remains scarce, with only 4 holoenzymes characterized in human prostate cancer models. However, an increasing number of PPP1 interactors have been identified as expressed in human prostate tissue, including the tumor suppressors TP53 and RB1. Efforts should be made in order to identify the role of such proteins in prostate carcinogenesis, since only 26 have yet well-recognized roles. Here, we revise literature and human protein databases to provide an in-depth knowledge on the biological significance of PPP1 complexes in human prostate carcinogenesis and their potential use as therapeutic targets for the development of new therapies for prostate cancer.
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Marcus DM, Rossi PJ, Nour SG, Jani AB. The impact of multiparametric pelvic magnetic resonance imaging on risk stratification in patients with localized prostate cancer. Urology 2014; 84:132-7. [PMID: 24785987 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) of the prostate on established risk stratification criteria in patients with clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate (ACP). METHODS The cohort included 71 patients who underwent MP-MRI of the prostate at a tertiary care referral center as part of their initial workup for ACP. Tumor characteristics comprising traditional risk stratification criteria (prostate-specific antigen, clinical T stage, and biopsy Gleason score) were recorded, and the initial National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk group was calculated. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk group was then recalculated incorporating MRI findings. The impact of MRI findings on changes in risk group classification was evaluated using the Stuart-Maxwell test. For patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, MRI findings were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS The cohort included 11 (15.5%), 39 (54.9%), and 21 patients (29.6%) with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease, respectively. MRI findings led to risk group upstaging in 12 cases (16.9%). The highest yield was demonstrated in patients with intermediate-risk disease, in whom MRI led to upstaging in 25.6% of patients. There was a significant difference between pre-MRI and post-MRI risk group classifications (P<.01) for the entire cohort. Compared with radical prostatectomy specimens, the specificity of MRI for T3 disease was 92.9%. CONCLUSION In our cohort of patients undergoing MP-MRI for previously untreated, clinically localized ACP, MRI findings led to changes in risk stratification in a substantial proportion of patients. Our findings support the use of MP-MRI in the workup of patients with localized ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Marcus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Peter J Rossi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sherif G Nour
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ashesh B Jani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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16
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Xu B, Chevarie-Davis M, Chevalier S, Scarlata E, Zeizafoun N, Dragomir A, Tanguay S, Kassouf W, Aprikian A, Brimo F. The prognostic role of ERG immunopositivity in prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma: a study including 454 cases and review of the literature. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:488-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Fontugne J, Lee D, Cantaloni C, Barbieri CE, Caffo O, Hanspeter E, Mazzoleni G, Dalla Palma P, Rubin MA, Fellin G, Mosquera JM, Barbareschi M, Demichelis F. Recurrent prostate cancer genomic alterations predict response to brachytherapy treatment. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:594-600. [PMID: 24515272 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the association of recurrent molecular alterations in prostate cancer, such as ERG rearrangements and phosphatase and tensin homolog gene (PTEN) deletions, with oncologic outcomes in patients with prostate cancer treated with brachytherapy. METHODS Ninety-two men underwent I-125 brachytherapy with a 145 Gy delivered dose between 2000 and 2008. Pretreatment prostate biopsies were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH for ERG rearrangement and overexpression, PTEN deletion, and expression loss. Univariable and multivariable Cox-regression analyses evaluated association of ERG and PTEN status with biochemical recurrence (BCR). RESULTS Within a median follow-up of 73 months, 11% of patients experienced BCR. Of 80 samples with both IHC and FISH performed for ERG, 46 (57.8%) demonstrated rearrangement by FISH and 45 (56.3%) by IHC. Of 77 samples with both IHC and FISH for PTEN, 14 (18.2%) had PTEN deletion by FISH and 22 (28.6%) by IHC. No significant associations were found between ERG, PTEN status, and clinicopathologic features. Patients with concurrent ERG rearrangement and PTEN deletion demonstrated significantly worse relapse-free survival rates compared with those with ERG or PTEN wild type (P < 0.01). In multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for the effects of standard clinicopathologic features, combined ERG rearranged and PTEN deletion was independently associated with BCR (HR = 2.6; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Concurrent ERG rearrangement and PTEN loss was independently associated with time to BCR in patients undergoing brachytherapy. Future studies are needed to validate prostate cancer molecular subtyping for risk stratification. IMPACT Identifying patients in the ERG-rearranged/PTEN-deleted molecular subclass may improve treatment personalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Fontugne
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Urology; Institute for Precision Medicine; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento; Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Radiotherapy and Medical Physics, Ospedale Santa Chiara, Trento; and Department of Surgical Pathology, Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
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