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Neha, Chaudhary S, Tiwari P, Parvez S. Amelioration of Phytanic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity by Nutraceuticals: Mechanistic Insights. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03985-0. [PMID: 38374317 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Phytanic acid (PA) (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) is a methyl-branched fatty acid that enters the body through food consumption, primarily through red meat, dairy products, and fatty marine foods. The metabolic byproduct of phytol is PA, which is then oxidized by the ruminal microbiota and some marine species. The first methyl group at the 3-position prevents the β-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA). Instead, α-oxidation of PA results in the production of pristanic acid (2,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoic acid) with CO2. This fatty acid (FA) builds up in individuals with certain peroxisomal disorders and is historically linked to neurological impairment. It also causes oxidative stress in synaptosomes, as demonstrated by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a sign of oxidative stress. This review concludes that the nutraceuticals (melatonin, piperine, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), coenzyme Q10, ω-3 FA) can reduce oxidative stress and enhanced the activity of mitochondria. Furthermore, the use of nutraceuticals completely reversed the neurotoxic effects of PA on NO level and membrane potential. Additionally, the review further emphasizes the urgent need for more research into dairy-derived BCFAs and their impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Shaista Chaudhary
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Prachi Tiwari
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Nursing Sciences and Allied Health, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110 062, India.
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Ying Z, Feng L, Ji D, Zhang Y, Chen W, Dai Y, Janyasupab M, Li X, Wen W, Liu CC. Phase-Regulated Sensing Mechanism of MoS 2 Based Nanohybrids toward Point-of-Care Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000307. [PMID: 32250065 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) has been proven to be consistently overexpressed in prostate cancer epitheliums, and is expected to act as a positive biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma in clinical practice. Here, a strategy for specific determination of AMACR in real human serum by using an electrochemical microsensor system is presented. In order to implement the protocol, a self-organized nanohybrid consisting of metal nanopillars in a 2D MoS2 matrix is developed as material for the sensing interface. The testing signal outputs are strongly enhanced with the presence of the nanohybrids owing to that the metal pillars provide an efficient mass difussion and electron transfer path to the MoS2 film surface. Furthermore, the phase-regulated sensing mechanism over MoS2 is noticed and demonstrated by density functional theory calculation and experiments. The explored MoS2 based nanohybrids are employed for the fabrication of an electrochemical microsensor, presenting good linear relationship in both ng µL-1 and pg µL-1 ranges for AMACR quantification. The sampling analysis of human serum indicates that this microsensor has good diagnostic specificity and sensitivity toward AMACR. The proposed electrochemical microsensor system also demonstrates the advantages of convenience, cost-effectiveness, and disposability, resulting in a potential integrated microsystem for point-of-care prostate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ying
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lingyan Feng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Dongqing Ji
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Metini Janyasupab
- Department of Electronics Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chung-Chiun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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Phytol and its metabolites phytanic and pristanic acids for risk of cancer: current evidence and future directions. Eur J Cancer Prev 2019; 29:191-200. [PMID: 31436750 PMCID: PMC7012361 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current evidence on the potential role of phytol, a microbial metabolite of chlorophyl A, and its metabolites, phytanic and pristanic acids, in carcinogenesis. Primary food sources in Western diets are the nut skin for phytol and lipids in dairy, beef and fish for its metabolites. Phytol and its metabolites gained interest as dietary compounds for cancer prevention because, as natural ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and -γ and retinoid X receptor, phytol and its metabolites have provided some evidence in cell culture studies and limited evidence in animal models of anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-metabolic-syndrome properties at physiological concentrations. However, there may be a narrow range of efficacy, because phytol and its metabolites at supra-physiological concentrations can cause in vitro cytotoxicity in non-cancer cells and can cause morbidity and mortality in animal models. In human studies, evidence for a role of phytol and its metabolites in cancer prevention is currently limited and inconclusive. In short, phytol and its metabolites are potential dietary compounds for cancer prevention, assuming the challenges in preventing cytotoxicity in non-cancer cells and animal models and understanding phytol metabolism can be mitigated.
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are key metabolic organelles, which contribute to cellular lipid metabolism, e.g. the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of myelin sheath lipids, as well as cellular redox balance. Peroxisomal dysfunction has been linked to severe metabolic disorders in man, but peroxisomes are now also recognized as protective organelles with a wider significance in human health and potential impact on a large number of globally important human diseases such as neurodegeneration, obesity, cancer, and age-related disorders. Therefore, the interest in peroxisomes and their physiological functions has significantly increased in recent years. In this review, we intend to highlight recent discoveries, advancements and trends in peroxisome research, and present an update as well as a continuation of two former review articles addressing the unsolved mysteries of this astonishing organelle. We summarize novel findings on the biological functions of peroxisomes, their biogenesis, formation, membrane dynamics and division, as well as on peroxisome-organelle contacts and cooperation. Furthermore, novel peroxisomal proteins and machineries at the peroxisomal membrane are discussed. Finally, we address recent findings on the role of peroxisomes in the brain, in neurological disorders, and in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Manheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alfred Voelkl
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Dariush Fahimi
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Castro-Gómez MP, Pimentel LL, Fontecha J. Milk fat components with potential anticancer activity-a review. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170705. [PMID: 29026007 PMCID: PMC6372256 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During many years, the milk fat has been unfairly undervalued due to its association with higher levels of cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidaemia or obesity, among others. However, currently, this relationship is being re-evaluated because some of the dairy lipid components have been attributed potential health benefits. Due to this, and based on the increasing incidence of cancer in our society, this review work aims to discuss the state of the art concerning scientific evidence of milk lipid components and reported anticancer properties. Results from the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that specific fatty acids (FA) (as butyric acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), among others), phospholipids and sphingolipids from milk globule membrane are potential anticarcinogenic agents. However, their mechanism of action remains still unclear due to limited and inconsistent findings in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, Porto 4202-401, Portugal
- Research Center for Natural Resources and Sustainability (CIRENYS), Bernardo O'Higgins University, Fábrica N° 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - M Pilar Castro-Gómez
- Institute of Food Science Research, (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Campus of Autónoma University of Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid 9. 28049, Spain
| | - Lígia L Pimentel
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, Porto 4202-401, Portugal
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Institute of Food Science Research, (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Campus of Autónoma University of Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid 9. 28049, Spain
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Roca-Saavedra P, Mariño-Lorenzo P, Miranda J, Porto-Arias J, Lamas A, Vazquez B, Franco C, Cepeda A. Phytanic acid consumption and human health, risks, benefits and future trends: A review. Food Chem 2017; 221:237-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Phytanic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicological Manifestations and Apoptosis Ameliorated by Mitochondria-Mediated Actions of Melatonin. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6960-6969. [PMID: 27785753 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phytanic acid, a saturated branched chain fatty acid and a major constituent of human diet, is predominantly found in dairy products, meat, and fish. It is a degradation product from the phytol side chain of chlorophyll. Degradation of PA is known to occur mainly in peroxisomes via α-oxidation and in mitochondria via β-oxidation. Due to its β-methyl group present at the 3-position of the carbon atoms, PA cannot be β-oxidized. Although alteration in the metabolism of PA may play an important role in neurodegeneration, the exact mechanism behind it remains to be evaluated. In this study, we have described the potential of PA to induce neurotoxicity as an in vitro model (neuronal cell line, SH-SY5Y cells). Cells were pretreated with melatonin (10 μM) for 1 h followed by with and without PA (100 μM) for 24 h. In the present study, our data has confirmed that PA markedly increased both intracellular reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species levels. Our results have shown that PA treatment did not induce cell death by cleavage of caspase-3/PARP-1 mediated by mitochondria through intrinsic pathways; however, PA induced nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, melatonin pretreatment reduced the cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. Melatonin also effectively exerted an antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory action by regulating Bax, Bcl-2, p-NFκB, and iNOS expressions in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggested that melatonin acted as an antioxidative and antiapoptotic agent by modulating ROS, apoptotic proteins, and inflammatory responses under BCFA-induced neurotoxic conditions. The protective effects of melatonin depend on direct scavenging activity of free radicals and indirect antioxidant effects. Further deciphering of the cellular and molecular mechanism associated with neuroprotection by melatonin is warranted in BCFA-induced neurotoxicity.
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Phytol in a pharma-medico-stance. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:60-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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