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Liquid biopsy for monitoring of tumor dormancy and early detection of disease recurrence in solid tumors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:161-182. [PMID: 36607507 PMCID: PMC10014694 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the three leading causes of death worldwide. Even after successful therapy and achieving remission, the risk of relapse often remains. In this context, dormant residual cancer cells in secondary organs such as the bone marrow constitute the cellular reservoir from which late tumor recurrences arise. This dilemma leads the term of minimal residual disease, which reflects the presence of tumor cells disseminated from the primary lesion to distant organs in patients who lack any clinical or radiological signs of metastasis or residual tumor cells left behind after therapy that eventually lead to local recurrence. Disseminated tumor cells have the ability to survive in a dormant state following treatment and linger unrecognized for more than a decade before emerging as recurrent disease. They are able to breakup their dormant state and to readopt their proliferation under certain circumstances, which can finally lead to distant relapse and cancer-associated death. In recent years, extensive molecular and genetic characterization of disseminated tumor cells and blood-based biomarker has contributed significantly to our understanding of the frequency and prevalence of tumor dormancy. In this article, we describe the clinical relevance of disseminated tumor cells and highlight how latest advances in different liquid biopsy approaches can be used to detect, characterize, and monitor minimal residual disease in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma patients.
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2
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Hugenschmidt H, Labori KJ, Brunborg C, Verbeke CS, Seeberg LT, Bendigtsen Schirmer C, Renolen A, Borgen E, Naume B, Wiedswang G. Cytokeratin-positive cells in the bone marrow from patients with pancreatic, periampullary malignancy and benign pancreatic disease show no prognostic information. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1107. [PMID: 33198661 PMCID: PMC7667773 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma are aggressive tumours where preoperative assessment is challenging. Disseminated tumour cells (DTC) in the bone marrow (BM) are associated with impaired prognosis in a variety of epithelial cancers. In a cohort of patients with presumed resectable pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma, we evaluated the frequency and the potential prognostic impact of the preoperative presence of DTC, defined as cytokeratin-positive cells detected by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Methods Preoperative BM samples from 242 patients selected for surgical resection of presumed resectable pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma from 09/2009 to 12/2014, were analysed for presence of CK-positive cells by ICC. The median observation time was 21.5 months. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Results Successful resections of malignant tumours were performed in 179 of the cases, 30 patients resected had benign pancreatic disease based on postoperative histology, and 33 were deemed inoperable intraoperatively due to advanced disease. Overall survival for patients with resected carcinoma was 21.1 months (95% CI: 18.0–24.1), for those with benign disease OS was 101 months (95% CI: 69.4–132) and for those with advanced disease OS was 8.8 months (95% CI: 4.3–13.3). The proportion of patients with detected CK-positive cells was 6/168 (3.6%) in resected malignant cases, 2/31 (6.5%) in advanced disease and 4/29 (13.8%) in benign disease. The presence of CK-positive cells was not correlated to OS or DFS, neither in the entire cohort nor in the subgroup negative for circulating tumour cells (CTC). Conclusions The results indicate that CK-positive cells may be present in both patients with malignant and benign diseases of the pancreas. Detection of CK-positive cells was not associated with differences in prognosis for the entire cohort or any of the subgroups analysed. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01919151).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hugenschmidt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO.Box 4950, NO-0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Knut Jørgen Labori
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Sophie Verbeke
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Thomas Seeberg
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | | | - Anne Renolen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Borgen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Deparment of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro Wiedswang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Todenhöfer T, Pantel K, Stenzl A, Werner S. Pathophysiology of Tumor Cell Release into the Circulation and Characterization of CTC. Recent Results Cancer Res 2019; 215:3-24. [PMID: 31605221 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26439-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The traditional model of metastatic progression postulates that the ability to form distant metastases is driven by random mutations in cells of the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Todenhöfer
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Werner
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Cackowski FC, Wang Y, Decker JT, Sifuentes C, Weindorf S, Jung Y, Wang Y, Decker AM, Yumoto K, Szerlip N, Buttitta L, Pienta KJ, Morgan TM, Taichman RS. Detection and isolation of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:1715-1727. [PMID: 31449673 PMCID: PMC8177057 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) have been reported in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa). However, the existence of these cells continues to be questioned, and few methods exist for viable DTC isolation. Therefore, we sought to develop novel approaches to identify and, if detected, analyze localized PCa patient DTCs. METHODS We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate a putative DTC population, which was negative for CD45, CD235a, alkaline phosphatase, and CD34, and strongly expressed EPCAM. We examined tumor cell content by bulk cell RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and whole-exome sequencing after whole genome amplification. We also enriched for BM DTCs with α-EPCAM immunomagnetic beads and performed quantitative reverse trancriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for PCa markers. RESULTS At a threshold of 4 cells per million BM cells, the putative DTC population was present in 10 of 58 patients (17%) with localized PCa, 4 of 8 patients with metastatic PCa of varying disease control, and 1 of 8 patients with no known cancer, and was positively correlated with patients' plasma PSA values. RNA-Seq analysis of the putative DTC population collected from samples above (3 patients) and below (5 patients) the threshold of 4 putative DTCs per million showed increased expression of PCa marker genes in 4 of 8 patients with localized PCa, but not the one normal donor who had the putative DTC population present. Whole-exome sequencing also showed the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms and structural variants in the gene characteristics of PCa in 2 of 3 localized PCa patients. To examine the likely contaminating cell types, we used a myeloid colony formation assay, differential counts of cell smears, and analysis of the RNA-Seq data using the CIBERSORT algorithm, which most strongly suggested the presence of B-cell lineages as a contaminant. Finally, we used EPCAM enrichment and qRT-PCR for PCa markers to estimate DTC prevalence and found evidence of DTCs in 21 of 44 samples (47%). CONCLUSION These data support the presence of DTCs in the BM of a subset of patients with localized PCa and describe a novel FACS method for isolation and analysis of viable DTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C. Cackowski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph T. Decker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher Sifuentes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven Weindorf
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ann M. Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicholas Szerlip
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Michigan and AAVAMC, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura Buttitta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- Department of Urology and Oncology, James Buchannan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Todd M. Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Russell S. Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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5
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Salami SS, Singhal U, Spratt DE, Palapattu GS, Hollenbeck BK, Schonhoft JD, Graf R, Louw J, Jendrisak A, Dugan L, Wang Y, Tomlins SA, Dittamore R, Feng FY, Morgan TM. Circulating Tumor Cells as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3. [PMID: 32832835 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Using nonenrichment-based, potentially more sensitive Epic Sciences circulating tumor cell (CTC) platform, we sought to detect and characterize CTCs in untreated, high-risk localized prostate cancer and to evaluate their clinical implication. METHODS Between 2012 and 2015, blood samples were prospectively collected from patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network high-risk localized prostate cancer undergoing either radiotherapy (XRT) plus androgen deprivation therapy or radical prostatectomy (RP) with curative intent. Samples were analyzed with the Epic Sciences platform with 4J,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, CD45, cytokeratin (CK), and androgen receptor (AR) N-terminal staining. CTC counts were correlated with biochemical recurrence (BCR). RESULTS A diversity of CTC subtypes, including CK-positive, CK-negative, AR-positive, and CTC clusters, were observed in 73.3% (33 of 45) of patients with evaluable data. The median follow-up was 14.2 months (range, 0.5 to 43.7 months). BCR occurred more frequently in the RP group than XRT (15 of 26 v one of 19), with most patients in the XRT group continuing to receive androgen deprivation therapy. A higher proportion of metastatic events were observed in the RP group (five of 26 v one of 19). In the RP group, BCR and development of metastases were associated with a higher total number of CTCs, AR-positive CTCs, and CTC phenotypic heterogeneity. One patient who developed BCR and metastases quickly after RP had diverse phenotypical CTC subtypes, and single-cell genomic analyses of all detectable CTCs confirmed common prostate cancer copy number alterations and PTEN loss. CONCLUSION CTCs can be identified in most patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer before definitive therapy using the Epic Sciences platform. If confirmed in a larger cohort with longer follow-up, phenotypic and genomic characterization of CTCs pretherapy may provide an additional means of risk stratifying patients with newly diagnosed high-risk disease and potentially help identify patients who could require multimodal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simpa S Salami
- Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Daniel E Spratt
- Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ganesh S Palapattu
- Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brent K Hollenbeck
- Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Scott A Tomlins
- Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Felix Y Feng
- Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
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Bier S, Todenhöfer T, Stenzl A. Bone Target Therapy in Urologic Malignancies. Urol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42623-5_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Yadav AS, Pandey PR, Butti R, Radharani NNV, Roy S, Bhalara SR, Gorain M, Kundu GC, Kumar D. The Biology and Therapeutic Implications of Tumor Dormancy and Reactivation. Front Oncol 2018; 8:72. [PMID: 29616190 PMCID: PMC5868535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in the early detection of cancer coupled with improved surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant therapy led to substantial increase in patient survival. Nevertheless, cancer metastasis is the leading cause of death in several cancer patients. The majority of these deaths are associated with metastatic relapse kinetics after a variable period of clinical remission. Most of the cancer recurrences are thought to be associated with the reactivation of dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). In this review, we have summarized the cellular and molecular mechanisms related to DTCs and the role of microenvironmental niche. These mechanisms regulate the dormant state and help in the reactivation, which leads to metastatic outgrowth. Identification of novel therapeutic targets to eliminate these dormant tumor cells will be highly useful in controlling the metastatic relapse-related death with several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S. Yadav
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Poonam R. Pandey
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ramesh Butti
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - N. N. V. Radharani
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Shamayita Roy
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Shaileshkumar R. Bhalara
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Mahadeo Gorain
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Gopal C. Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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8
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Todenhöfer T, Hennenlotter J, Keller G, Neumann T, Stenzl A, Bedke J. Effect of radical prostatectomy on levels of cancer related epitopes in circulating macrophages of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Prostate 2017; 77:1251-1258. [PMID: 28726251 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epitopes of the apoptosis related protein DNaseX (Apo10) and the pentose-phosphate-pathway associated protein transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) have been shown to be increased in circulating macrophages of patients with different cancer types including prostate cancer (PC). So far, the effect of cancer-specific therapies on the levels of these markers in blood samples of patients with PC has not been evaluated yet. The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess the effect of surgical removal of the prostate on levels of Apo10 and TKTL1 in blood macrophages using Epitope Detection In Monocytes (EDIM). METHODS We prospectively enrolled 174 patients with clinically localized PC undergoing radical prostatectomy. Peripheral blood was collected preoperatively in all patients and postoperatively in a subgroup of 72 patients. We separately assessed the proportion of CD14/CD16-positive monocytes expressing Apo10 and TKTL1 using flow cytometry. The proportion of positive cells was multiplied by ten to generate a score for Apo10 and TKTL1, separately. Pre- and postoperative scores of Apo10 and TKTL1 were compared. Moreover, results were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS In the total cohort, Median preoperative Apo10 and TKTL1 scores were 136 (Range 101-254) and 139 (102-216). In patients who underwent blood collection and testing either pre- and postoperatively (n = 72), median pre- versus postoperative scores were 132 (101-215) versus 103 (70-156) for Apo10 (P < 0.0001) and 140 (102-212) versus 115 (84-187) (P < 0.0001) for TKTL1. Following radical prostatectomy, 56 (77.7%) and 59 (81.9%) patients in the cohort of patients with blood collection before and after prostatectomy showed a decrease of Apo10 and TKTL1 expressing monocytes. TKTL1 and Apo10 did not show any correlation with known histopathologic and clinical risk parameters. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that surgical removal of the primary tumor leads to a significant decrease of Apo10 and TKTL1 expressing macrophages. This observation further encourages studies assessing the optimal clinical utility of EDIM-based detection of Apo10 and TKTL1 in patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Keller
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Neumann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Werner S, Stenzl A, Pantel K, Todenhöfer T. Expression of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Circulating Tumor Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 994:205-228. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55947-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Manca P, Pantano F, Iuliani M, Ribelli G, De Lisi D, Danesi R, Del Re M, Vincenzi B, Tonini G, Santini D. Determinants of bone specific metastasis in prostate cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 112:59-66. [PMID: 28325265 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common type of cancer in Western countries. Although the majority of patients with PCa have a minimally aggressive disease, some of them will experience relapse and formation of metastasis. Bone metastasis are a major cause of quality of life impairment and death among patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Different "bone targeted therapies" and several follow-up strategies were developed in order to optimize bone metastasis prevention and treatment. Nevertheless there is still a great clinical need of identifying patients more likely to benefit from those interventions as not all patients will develop metastatic disease and not all patients with metastatic disease will develop bone metastasis. Here we review markers predictive of bone metastasis occurrence that have been tested in clinical settings, particularly focusing on the ability of such markers to predict bone metastasis over visceral metastasis occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Manca
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Iuliani
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ribelli
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Delia De Lisi
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Romano Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Bruno Vincenzi
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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11
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Bone Target Therapy in Urologic Malignancies. Urol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_51-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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van der Toom EE, Verdone JE, Pienta KJ. Disseminated tumor cells and dormancy in prostate cancer metastasis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:9-15. [PMID: 26900985 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can be found in the majority of prostate cancer (PCa) patients, even at the time of primary treatment with no clinical evidence of metastatic disease. This suggests that these cells escaped the primary tumor early in the disease and exist in a dormant state in distant organs until they develop in some patients as overt metastases. Understanding the mechanisms by which cancer cells exit the primary tumor, survive the circulation, settle in a distant organ, and exist in a quiescent state is critical to understanding tumorigenesis, developing new prognostic assays, and designing new therapeutic modalities to prevent and treat clinical metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E van der Toom
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; VUmc School of Medical Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James E Verdone
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Morrissey C, Vessella RL, Lange PH, Lam HM. The biology and clinical implications of prostate cancer dormancy and metastasis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:259-65. [PMID: 26489605 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are detected early in the disease process in prostate cancer (PCa) patients and can persist after radical prostatectomy. DTCs can remain dormant in patients with no evidence of disease for a prolonged period of time only to recur 10 or more years later. Recent advances in single-cell genomics and transcriptomics have provided much needed insight into DTC biology and cancer dormancy in patients. With the development of new in vitro and preclinical models, researchers recapitulate the clinical events in patients and therefore allow further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer dormancy and escape. In this review, we explore novel ideas on the detection, heterogeneous transcriptomic profiles, molecular and cellular mechanisms of dormancy, and potential mechanisms underlying dormancy escape by DTCs. As such, there is hope that identifying and targeting novel dormancy-associated pathways in patients with residual disease will have significant clinical implications for the treatment of PCa patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Street NE, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Robert L Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Street NE, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Paul H Lange
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Street NE, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Street NE, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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