1
|
Diao Y, Wang G, Zhu B, Li Z, Wang S, Yu L, Li R, Fan W, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Yang L, Hao X, Liu J. Loading of "cocktail siRNAs" into extracellular vesicles via TAT-DRBD peptide for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:163-172. [PMID: 35171081 PMCID: PMC8855870 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.2024040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived, membranous nanoparticles that mediate intercellular communication by transferring biomolecules between cells. As natural vehicles, EVs may exhibit higher delivery efficiency, lower immunogenicity, and better compatibility than existing RNA carriers. A major limitation of their therapeutic use is the shortage of efficient, robust, and scalable methods to load siRNA of interest. Here, we report a novel strategy using polycationic membrane-penetrating peptide TAT to encapsulate siRNAs into EVs. Three TAT peptides were co-expressed with DRBD as 3TD fusion protein. The sequence-independent binding of DRBD facilitates multiplex genes targeting of mixed siRNAs. Functional assays for siRNA-mediated gene silencing of CRPC were performed after engineered EVs treatment. EVs were isolated using differential centrifugation from WPMY-1 cell culture medium. The increase of merged yellow fluorescence in the engineered EVs showed by TIRFM and the decrease in zeta potential absolute values certified the co-localization of siRNA with EVs, which indicated that siRNA had been successfully delivered into WPMY-1 EVs. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA level of FLOH1, NKX3, and DHRS7 was dramatically decreased when cells were treated with engineered EVs loaded with siRNAs mixtures relative to the level of untreated cells. Western and flow cytometry results indicate that delivery of siRNA mixtures by engineered EVs can effectively downregulate AR expression and induce LNCaP-AI cell apoptosis. The uptake efficiency of the EVs and the significantly downregulated expression of three genes suggested the potential of TAT as efficient siRNA carriers by keeping the function of the cargoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Diao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gangqiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weixiao Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoke Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carreras J, Nakamura N, Hamoudi R. Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Gene Expression Predicted the Overall Survival of Mantle Cell Lymphoma and a Large Pan-Cancer Series. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010155. [PMID: 35052318 PMCID: PMC8775707 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by a poor prognosis. First, we analyzed a series of 123 cases (GSE93291). An algorithm using multilayer perceptron artificial neural network, radial basis function, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and conventional statistics, correlated 20,862 genes with 28 MCL prognostic genes for dimensionality reduction, to predict the patients' overall survival and highlight new markers. As a result, 58 genes predicted survival with high accuracy (area under the curve = 0.9). Further reduction identified 10 genes: KIF18A, YBX3, PEMT, GCNA, and POGLUT3 that associated with a poor survival; and SELENOP, AMOTL2, IGFBP7, KCTD12, and ADGRG2 with a favorable survival. Correlation with the proliferation index (Ki67) was also made. Interestingly, these genes, which were related to cell cycle, apoptosis, and metabolism, also predicted the survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (GSE10846, n = 414), and a pan-cancer series of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 7289), which included the most relevant cancers (lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, stomach, liver, etcetera). Secondly, survival was predicted using 10 oncology panels (transcriptome, cancer progression and pathways, metabolic pathways, immuno-oncology, and host response), and TYMS was highlighted. Finally, using machine learning, C5 tree and Bayesian network had the highest accuracy for prediction and correlation with the LLMPP MCL35 proliferation assay and RGS1 was made. In conclusion, artificial intelligence analysis predicted the overall survival of MCL with high accuracy, and highlighted genes that predicted the survival of a large pan-cancer series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-463-931-121; Fax: +81-463-911-370
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan;
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diamond AM. Selenoproteins of the Human Prostate: Unusual Properties and Role in Cancer Etiology. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:51-59. [PMID: 31300958 PMCID: PMC6801063 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prostate is an important organ for the maintenance of sperm health with prostate cancer being a common disease for which there is a critical need to distinguish indolent from aggressive disease. Several selenium-containing proteins have been implicated in prostate cancer risk or outcome due to either enzyme function, the reduced levels of these proteins being associated with cancer recurrence after prostatectomy or their corresponding genes containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with increased risk. Moreover, experimental data obtained from the manipulation of either cultured cells or animal models have indicated that some of these proteins are contributing mechanistically to prostate cancer incidence or progression. Among these are selenocysteine-containing proteins selenoprotein P (SELENOP), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), and selenoprotein 15 (SELENOF); and the selenium-associated protein selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1). Genotyping of some of the genes for these proteins has identified functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with prostate cancer risk and the direct quantification of these proteins in human prostate tissues has not only revealed associations to clinical outcomes but have also identified unique properties that are different from what is observed in other tissue types. The location of GPX1 in the nucleus and SELENOF in the plasma membrane of prostate epithelial cells indicates that these proteins may have functions in normal prostate tissue that are distinct from that of the other tissue types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Diamond
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|