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Chaudary N, Wiljer E, Foltz W, Thapa P, Hill RP, Milosevic M. An orthotopic prostate cancer model for new treatment development using syngeneic or patient-derived tumors. Prostate 2024; 84:823-831. [PMID: 38606933 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited preclinical orthotopic prostate cancer models due to the technical complexity of surgical engraftment and tracking the tumor growth in the mouse prostate gland. Orthotopic xenografts recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, tumor stromal interactions, and clinical behavior to a greater extent than xenografts grown at subcutaneous or intramuscular sites. METHODS This study describes a novel micro-surgical technique for orthotopically implanting intact tumors pieces from cell line derived (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate [TRAMP]-C2) or patient derived (neuroendocrine prostate cancer [NEPC]) tumors in the mouse prostate gland and monitoring tumor growth using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. RESULTS The TRAMP-C2 tumors grew rapidly to a predetermined endpoint size of 10 mm within 3 weeks, whereas the NEPC tumors grew at a slower rate over 7 weeks. The tumors were readily detected by MR and confidently identified when they were approximately 2-3 mm in size. The tumors were less well-defined on CT. The TRAMP-C2 tumors were characterized by amorphous sheets of poorly differentiated cells similar to a high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma and frequent macroscopic peritoneal and lymph node metastases. In contrast, the NEPC's displayed a neuroendocrine morphology with polygonal cells arranged in nests and solid sheets and high count. There was a local invasion of the bladder and other adjacent tissues but no identifiable metastases. The TRAMP-C2 tumors were more hypoxic than the NEPC tumors. CONCLUSIONS This novel preclinical orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model is suitable for either syngeneic or patient derived tumors and will be effective in developing and advancing the current selection of treatments for patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Chaudary
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Wiljer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Warren Foltz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Richard P Hill
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Berg FM, Correia ETO, Abenojar EC, Basilion JP, Rosol TJ, Baroni RH, Exner AA, Bittencourt LK. Multispecies comparative prostate anatomy by imaging: Implications for experimental models of prostatic disease. Prostate 2024; 84:682-693. [PMID: 38477025 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest in using preclinical models for development and assessment of medical devices and imaging techniques for prostatic disease care. Still, a comprehensive assessment of the prostate's radiological anatomy in primary preclinical models such as dogs, rabbits, and mice utilizing human anatomy as a reference point remains necessary with no optimal model for each purpose being clearly defined in the literature. Therefore, this study compares the anatomical characteristics of different animal models to the human prostatic gland from the imaging perspective. METHODS We imaged five Beagle laboratory dogs, five New Zealand White rabbits, and five mice, all sexually mature males, under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval. Ultrasonography (US) was performed using the Vevo® F2 for mice (57 MHz probe). Rabbits and dogs were imaged using the Siemens® Acuson S3000 (17 MHz probe) and endocavitary (8 MHz) probes, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also conducted with a 7T scanner in mice and 3T scanner in rabbits and dogs. RESULTS Canine transrectal US emerged as the optimal method for US imaging, depicting a morphologically similar gland to humans but lacking echoic zonal differentiation. MRI findings in canines indicated a homogeneously structured gland similar to the human peripheral zone on T2-weighted images (T2W) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). In rabbits, US imaging faced challenges due to the pubic symphysis, whereas MRI effectively visualized all structures with the prostate presenting a similar aspect to the human peripheral gland on T2W and ADC maps. Murine prostate assessment revealed poor visualization of the prostate glands in ultrasound due to its small size, while 7T MRI delineated the distinct prostates and its lobes, with the lateral and dorsal prostate resembling the peripheral zone and the anterior prostate the central zone of the human gland. CONCLUSION Dogs stand out as superior models for advanced preclinical studies in prostatic disease research. However, mice present as a good model for early stage studies and rabbits are a cost-effective alternative and serve as valuable tools in specific research domains when canine research is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M Berg
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo T O Correia
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric C Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronaldo H Baroni
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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T cell therapy against cancer: a predictive diffuse-interface mathematical model informed by pre-clinical studies. J Theor Biol 2022; 547:111172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Frahm AB, Hill D, Katsikis S, Andreassen T, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Bathen TF, Moestue SA, Jensen PR, Lerche MH. Classification and biomarker identification of prostate tissue from TRAMP mice with hyperpolarized 13C-SIRA. Talanta 2021; 235:122812. [PMID: 34517669 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 13C isotope resolved spectroscopy boosts NMR signal intensity, which improves signal detection and allows metabolic fluxes to be analyzed. Such hyperpolarized flux data may offer new approaches to tissue classification and biomarker identification that could be translated in vivo. Here we used hyperpolarized stable isotope resolved analysis (SIRA) to measure metabolite specific 13C isotopic enrichments in the central carbon metabolism of mouse prostate. Prostate and tumor tissue samples were acquired from transgenic adenocarcinomas of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. Before euthanasia, mice were injected with [U-13C]glucose intraperitoneally (i.p.). Polar metabolite extracts were prepared, and hyperpolarized 1D-13C NMR spectra were obtained from normal prostate (n = 19) and cancer tissue (n = 19) samples. Binary classification and feature analysis was performed to make a separation model and to investigate differences between samples originating from normal and cancerous prostate tissue, respectively. Hyperpolarized experiments were carried out according to a standardized protocol, which showed a high repeatability (CV = 15%) and an average linewidth in the 1D-13C NMR spectra of 2 ± 0.5 Hz. The resolution of the hyperpolarized 1D-13C spectra was high with little signal overlap in the carbonyl region and metabolite identification was easily accomplished. A discrimination with 95% success rate could be made between samples originating from TRAMP mice prostate and tumor tissue based on isotopomers from uniquely identified metabolites. Hyperpolarized 13C-SIRA allowed detailed metabolic information to be obtained from tissue specimens. The positional information of 13C isotopic enrichments lead to easily interpreted features responsible for high predictive classification of tissue types. This analytical approach has matured, and the robust experimental protocols currently available allow systematic tracking of metabolite flux ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Frahm
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Deborah Hill
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sotirios Katsikis
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siver Andreas Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Pernille Rose Jensen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Hauge Lerche
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Fagerland SMT, Berg S, Hill DK, Snipstad S, Sulheim E, Hyldbakk A, Kim J, Davies CDL. Ultrasound-Mediated Delivery of Chemotherapy into the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate Model. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:3032-3045. [PMID: 32800470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) in combination with microbubbles (MB) has had promising results in improving delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. However, most studies are done in immunodeficient mice with xenografted tumors. We used two phenotypes of the spontaneous transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model to evaluate if US + MB could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cabazitaxel (Cab). Cab was either injected intravenously as free drug or encapsulated into nanoparticles. In both cases, Cab transiently reduced tumor and prostate volume in the TRAMP model. No additional therapeutic efficacy was observed combining Cab with US + MB, except for one tumor. Additionally, histology grading and immunostaining of Ki67 did not reveal differences between treatment groups. Mass spectrometry revealed that nanoparticle encapsulation of Cab increased the circulation time and enhanced the accumulation in liver and spleen compared with free Cab. The therapeutic results in this spontaneous, clinically relevant tumor model differ from the improved therapeutic response observed in xenografts combining US + MB and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stein-Martin T Fagerland
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid Berg
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Trondheim, Norway; Cancer Clinic, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Deborah K Hill
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sofie Snipstad
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Cancer Clinic, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Einar Sulheim
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Cancer Clinic, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Hyldbakk
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jana Kim
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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