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Pettinello R, Redmond AK, Secombes CJ, Macqueen DJ, Dooley H. Evolutionary history of the T cell receptor complex as revealed by small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 74:125-135. [PMID: 28433528 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In every jawed vertebrate species studied so far, the T cell receptor (TCR) complex is composed of two different TCR chains (α/β or γ/δ) and a number of CD3 subunits responsible for transmitting signals into the T cell. In this study, we characterised all of the TCR and CD3 genes of small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) and analysed their expression in a broad range of tissues. While the TCR complex is highly conserved across jawed vertebrates, we identified a number of differences in catshark, most notably the presence of two copies of both TCRβ and CD3γδ, and the absence of a functionally-important proline rich region from CD3ε. We also demonstrate that TCRβ has duplicated independently multiple times in jawed vertebrate evolution, bringing additional diversity to the TCR complex. This study reveals new insights about the evolutionary history of the TCR complex and raises new avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pettinello
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Anthony K Redmond
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom; Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology & Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Macqueen
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Dooley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom; Dept. Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, Baltimore MD21202, USA
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Chaudhury S, Ghosh P, Parveen S, Dasgupta S. Glycation of human γB-crystallin: A biophysical investigation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:392-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li R, Redmond AK, Wang T, Bird S, Dooley H, Secombes CJ. Characterisation of the TNF superfamily members CD40L and BAFF in the small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:381-389. [PMID: 26386192 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members CD40L and BAFF play critical roles in mammalian B cell survival, proliferation and maturation, however little is known about these key cytokines in the oldest jawed vertebrates, the cartilaginous fishes. Here we report the cloning of CD40L and BAFF orthologues (designated ScCD40L and ScBAFF) in the small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). As predicted both proteins are type II membrane-bound proteins with a TNF homology domain in their extracellular region and both are highly expressed in shark immune tissues. ScCD40L transcript levels correlate with those of TCRα and transcription of both genes is modulated in peripheral blood leukocytes following in vitro stimulation. Although a putative CD40L orthologue was identified in the elephant shark genome the work herein is the first molecular characterisation and transcriptional analysis of CD40L in a cartilaginous fish. ScBAFF was also cloned and its transcription characterised in an attempt to resolve the discrepancies observed between spiny dogfish BAFF and bamboo shark BAFF in previously published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggai Li
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre (SFIRC), School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony K Redmond
- Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology & Medicine (CGEBM), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre (SFIRC), School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Bird
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Helen Dooley
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre (SFIRC), School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Chris J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre (SFIRC), School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
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Li R, Wang T, Bird S, Zou J, Dooley H, Secombes CJ. B cell receptor accessory molecule CD79α: characterisation and expression analysis in a cartilaginous fish, the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1404-15. [PMID: 23454429 PMCID: PMC4034164 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
CD79α (also known as Igα) is a component of the B cell antigen receptor complex and plays an important role in B cell signalling. The CD79α protein is present on the surface of B cells throughout their life cycle, and is absent on all other healthy cells, making it a highly reliable marker for B cells in mammals. In this study the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) CD79α (SaCD79α) is described and its expression studied under constitutive and stimulated conditions. The spiny dogfish CD79α cDNA contains an open reading frame of 618 bp, encoding a protein of 205 amino acids. Comparison of the SaCD79α gene with that of other species shows that the gross structure (number of exons, exon/intron boundaries, etc.) is highly conserved across phylogeny. Additionally, analysis of the 5' flanking region shows SaCD79α lacks a TATA box and possesses binding sites for multiple transcription factors implicated in its B cell-specific gene transcription in other species. Spiny dogfish CD79α is most highly expressed in immune tissues, such as spleen, epigonal and Leydig organ, and its transcript level significantly correlates with those of spiny dogfish immunoglobulin heavy chains. Additionally, CD79α transcription is up-regulated, to a small but significant degree, in peripheral blood cells following stimulation with pokeweed mitogen. These results strongly indicate that, as in mammals, spiny dogfish CD79α is expressed by shark B cells where it associates with surface-bound immunoglobulin to form a fully functional BCR, and thus may serve as a pan-B cell marker in future shark immunological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggai Li
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Steve Bird
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Jun Zou
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Helen Dooley
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Christopher J. Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 1224 278272; fax: +44 (0)1224 272396.
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Li R, Dooley H, Wang T, Secombes CJ, Bird S. Characterisation and expression analysis of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias): cartilaginous fish BAFF has a unique extra exon that may impact receptor binding. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 36:707-717. [PMID: 22155638 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF), also known as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) ligand superfamily member 13B, is an important immune regulator with critical roles in B-cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and immunoglobulin secretion. A BAFF gene has been cloned from spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and its expression studied. The dogfish BAFF encodes for an anchored type-II transmembrane protein of 288 aa with a putative furin protease cleavage site and TNF family signature as seen in BAFFs from other species. The identity of dogfish BAFF has also been confirmed by conserved cysteine residues, and phylogenetic tree analysis. The dogfish BAFF gene has an extra exon not seen in teleost fish, birds and mammals that encodes for 29 aa and may impact on receptor binding. The dogfish BAFF is highly expressed in immune tissues, such as spleen, and is up-regulated by PWM in peripheral blood leucocytes, suggesting a potentially important role in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggai Li
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
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Jinling C, Dandan Z, Pei S, Wei S, Gengfu X, Yinong D, Ying Z. Bioinformatics analysis on ORF1 protein of Torque teno virus (SANBAN isolate). ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 4:850-6. [PMID: 22078945 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the sequence of ORF1 protein of Torque teno virus to prepare for the future hybrid experiments. METHODS The sequence of ORF1 protein of Torque teno virus was analyzed by bioinformatics using some web tools. RESULTS The most likely cleavage site was between position 14aa and 15aa and signal peptide may be position 1aa-14aa. Two possible transmembrane helices from inside to outside and three possible transmembrane helices from outside to inside were found. The position 509 (NKTN) was the potential N-glycosylation site. The speculative molecular weight of TTV ORF1 protein, which may be a kind of unstable protein was 88 705.7 Da. 1aa-91aa and 278aa-361aa were localized in non-regular secondary structure region. CONCLUSIONS TTV ORF1 protein may be a nuclear protein which contains two non-regular secondary structure region. 265aa to 486aa and 510aa to 679aa may be the two approciate fragments to construct the plasmids, which would be prepared for the future hybrid experiments to study the functional positions of the protein and the interactions between TTV and its hosts. Bioinformatics analysis would possibly make it easier to study the protein's function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jinling
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, Peoples Republic of China
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Hashim Z, Ilyas A, Saleem A, Salim A, Zarina S. Expression and activity of paraoxonase 1 in human cataractous lens tissue. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1089-95. [PMID: 19439227 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme that is believed to be involved in the protection against oxidative stress. There is evidence that paraoxonase activity is reduced in patients with diabetes and cataract. In the current study, we analyzed mRNA expression of PON1 as well as other members of the paraoxonase family, PON2 and PON3, in human cataractous lens samples. Our results indicate that only PON1 is expressed at the gene and protein levels in human lens tissues. We quantified MDA levels and measured PON1 (paraoxonase/arylesterase) enzymatic activities in subjects suffering from cataract due to aging and diabetes. Decreased PON1 activity was more pronounced in diabetic patients (p< 0.001) compared to senile subjects, which may be due to glycation and increased oxidative insult. To examine the structural alterations that occur in response to glycation, we constructed a three-dimensional model of PON1 and its glycated variant. Glycation at Lys70 and Lys75 is predicted to cause hindrance in binding of substrate to the active site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Hashim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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D'souza Y, Jones CJP, Bonshek R. Glycoproteins of drusen and drusen-like lesions. J Mol Histol 2007; 39:77-86. [PMID: 17846903 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-007-9130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drusen are a marker of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Lesions similar to drusen, both in histology and their clinical appearance, are also seen in choroidal tumours, chronic inflammatory and degenerative conditions of the eye, and in mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type II (MCGN-II). This study aims to compare the saccharide composition of these drusen-like lesions in the various ocular pathological groups and in MCGN-II. Formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded tissue from 21 eyes was studied. The histological diagnoses included AMD, retinal detachment, phthisis bulbi following failed retinal detachment surgery, malignant melanoma, long-standing uveitis, glaucoma and MCGN II. Glycosylation was examined using a panel of twenty biotinylated lectins and an avidin-peroxidase DAB-cobalt revealing system, with and without neuraminidase pre-treatment. High mannose, bi/tri-nonbisected and bisected complex N-glycan, N-acetyl glucosaminyl, galactosyl and sialyl residues were found to be expressed by drusen, while treatment with neuraminidase exposed subterminal N-acetyl galactosamine and galactosyl residues. Similar binding patterns were found in the various pathological groups studied. As there was no significant difference in the lectin-binding pattern in drusen in different pathologies, a common pathogenesis or at least a final common pathway for the elaboration of carbohydrate components of drusen is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne D'souza
- Academic Unit, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WH, UK
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