1
|
Armstrong A, Hernandez JA, Roth F, Bracewell DG, Farid SS, P C Marques M, Goldrick S. Development of temperature-controlled batch and 3-column counter-current protein A system for improved therapeutic purification. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465110. [PMID: 38941794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Maximizing product quality attributes by optimizing process parameters and performance attributes is a crucial aspect of bioprocess chromatography process design. Process parameters include but are not limited to bed height, eluate cut points, and elution pH. An under-characterized chromatography process parameter for protein A chromatography is process temperature. Here, we present a mechanistic understanding of the effects of temperature on the protein A purification of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) using a commercial chromatography resin for batch and continuous counter-current systems. A self-designed 3D-printed heating jacket controlled the 1 mL chromatography process temperature during the loading, wash, elution, and cleaning-in-place (CIP) steps. Batch loading experiments at 10, 20, and 30 °C demonstrated increased dynamic binding capacity (DBC) with temperature. The experimental data were fit to mechanistic and correlation-based models that predicted the optimal operating conditions over a range of temperatures. These model-based predictions optimized the development of a 3-column temperature-controlled periodic counter-current chromatography (TCPCC) and were validated experimentally. Operating a 3-column TCPCC at 30 °C led to a 47% increase in DBC relative to 20 °C batch chromatography. The DBC increase resulted in a two-fold increase in productivity relative to 20 °C batch. Increasing the number of columns to the TCPCC to optimize for increasing feed concentration resulted in further improvements to productivity. The feed-optimized TCPCC showed a respective two, three, and four-fold increase in productivity at feed concentrations of 1, 5, and 15 mg/mL mAb, respectively. The derived and experimentally validated temperature-dependent models offer a valuable tool for optimizing both batch and continuous chromatography systems under various operating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Armstrong
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Felix Roth
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Science, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G Bracewell
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne S Farid
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco P C Marques
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Goldrick
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tscheliessnig R, Silva GL, Plewka J, Jakob LA, Lichtenegger H, Jungbauer A, Dias-Cabral AC. Antibody-ligand interactions on a high-capacity staphylococcal protein A resin. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465102. [PMID: 38941799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcal protein-A affinity chromatography has been optimized for antibody purification, achieving a current capacity of up to 90 mg/ml in packed bed. The morphology of the particles, the number of antibodies bound per ligand and the spatial arrangement of the ligands were assessed by in-situ Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with measurement of adsorption isotherms. We employed SAXS measurements to probe the nanoscale structure of the chromatographic resin. From scanning electron microcopy, the morphology and area of the beads were obtained. The adsorption isotherm revealed a bi-Langmuirian behavior where the association constant varied with the critical bulk concentration, indicating multilayer adsorption. Determining the antibody-ligand stoichiometry was crucial for understanding the adsorption mechanism, which was estimated to be 4 at lower concentrations and 4.5 at higher concentrations, suggestive of reversible protein-protein interactions. The same results were reached from the in-situ small angle X-ray scattering measurements. A stoichiometry of 6 cannot be achieved since the two protein A monomers are anchored to the stationary phase and thus sterically hindered. Normalization through ellipsoids facilitated SAXS analysis, enabling the determination of distances between ligands and antibody-ligand complexes. Density fluctuations were examined by subtracting the elliptical fit, providing insights into ligand density distribution. The dense ligand packing of TOYOPEARL® AF-rProtein A HC was confirmed, making further increases in ligand density impractical. Additionally, SAXS analysis revealed structural rearrangements of the antibody-ligand complex with increasing antibody surface load, suggesting reversible association of antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Tscheliessnig
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria; Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Goncalo L Silva
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria; Department of Material Science and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan Strasse 82, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Leo A Jakob
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Department of Material Science and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan Strasse 82, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria.
| | - Ana C Dias-Cabral
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã 6201-506, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, R. Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã 6201-001, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rezvani K, Aspelund MT. Impact of photo-oxidation on long term storage of affinity chromatography media used in multi-specific antibody manufacturing processes. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1732:465247. [PMID: 39128240 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Large scale manufacture of complex biotherapeutic formats such as multi-specific antibodies can require development of custom biomanufacturing platforms, particularly for purification processes. Substantial advances in affinity chromatography media have allowed monoclonal antibody-like processes for these formats, and simplified process development to enable fast speed to the clinic. Thorough assessment of chromatography media performance and stability is critical to ensure robust operation and consistent product quality over repeated cycles throughout its lifetime. However, evaluation of repeated cycling and extended storage for chromatography media is resource consuming, which typically delays rigorous study to later development stages and often is acquired through increased operational experience. These areas can present quality risks if not properly understood. In this work, a class of affinity chromatography media employing camelid antibody-fragment ligands were evaluated for extended storage in benzyl alcohol solution as an alternative to ethanol storage. Initial laboratory studies revealed resin discoloration after 12 months of exposure to ambient light at room temperature. Resin photo-stress studies confirmed light exposure as the root cause, with benzyl alcohol storage conditions producing a substantially greater degree of discoloration compared to ethanol. Extreme photo-stress over the course of 7 days was also found to negatively impact resin dynamic binding capacities, with more severe declines observed with benzyl alcohol storage conditions. Binding capacity loss of 54 % was observed for photo-stressed CaptureSelect Kappa XP compared to control conditions. Addition of antioxidants reduced or eliminated resin discoloration during photo-stress, indicating that benzyl alcohol storage accelerates photo-oxidation of the affinity chromatography ligands. The addition of l-methionine to benzyl alcohol solution prevented resin discoloration and maintained a dynamic binding capacity of 41 g/L for CaptureSelect Kappa XP even after extreme photo-stress. Of practical importance, a study of LambdaFabSelect resin used and stored in benzyl alcohol solution, under recommended conditions (2-8 °C storage, protected from light) in an internal GMP facility over a period of three years, showed no impact to resin color, performance, or product quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamiyar Rezvani
- Process and Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Matthew T Aspelund
- Process and Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ertelt M, Mulligan VK, Maguire JB, Lyskov S, Moretti R, Schiffner T, Meiler J, Schoeder CT. Combining machine learning with structure-based protein design to predict and engineer post-translational modifications of proteins. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011939. [PMID: 38484014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play a vital role in their function and stability. These modifications influence protein folding, signaling, protein-protein interactions, enzyme activity, binding affinity, aggregation, degradation, and much more. To date, over 400 types of PTMs have been described, representing chemical diversity well beyond the genetically encoded amino acids. Such modifications pose a challenge to the successful design of proteins, but also represent a major opportunity to diversify the protein engineering toolbox. To this end, we first trained artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict eighteen of the most abundant PTMs, including protein glycosylation, phosphorylation, methylation, and deamidation. In a second step, these models were implemented inside the computational protein modeling suite Rosetta, which allows flexible combination with existing protocols to model the modified sites and understand their impact on protein stability as well as function. Lastly, we developed a new design protocol that either maximizes or minimizes the predicted probability of a particular site being modified. We find that this combination of ANN prediction and structure-based design can enable the modification of existing, as well as the introduction of novel, PTMs. The potential applications of our work include, but are not limited to, glycan masking of epitopes, strengthening protein-protein interactions through phosphorylation, as well as protecting proteins from deamidation liabilities. These applications are especially important for the design of new protein therapeutics where PTMs can drastically change the therapeutic properties of a protein. Our work adds novel tools to Rosetta's protein engineering toolbox that allow for the rational design of PTMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ertelt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence ScaDS.AI, Dresden/Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vikram Khipple Mulligan
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jack B Maguire
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sergey Lyskov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rocco Moretti
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Torben Schiffner
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Meiler
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence ScaDS.AI, Dresden/Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence ScaDS.AI, Dresden/Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barbieri E, Mollica GN, Moore BD, Sripada SA, Shastry S, Kilgore RE, Loudermilk CM, Whitacre ZH, Kilgour KM, Wuestenhagen E, Aldinger A, Graalfs H, Rammo O, Schulte MM, Johnson TF, Daniele MA, Menegatti S. Peptide ligands targeting the vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) protein for the affinity purification of lentivirus particles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:618-639. [PMID: 37947118 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent uptick in the approval of ex vivo cell therapies highlights the relevance of lentivirus (LV) as an enabling viral vector of modern medicine. As labile biologics, however, LVs pose critical challenges to industrial biomanufacturing. In particular, LV purification-currently reliant on filtration and anion-exchange or size-exclusion chromatography-suffers from long process times and low yield of transducing particles, which translate into high waiting time and cost to patients. Seeking to improve LV downstream processing, this study introduces peptides targeting the enveloped protein Vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) to serve as affinity ligands for the chromatographic purification of LV particles. An ensemble of candidate ligands was initially discovered by implementing a dual-fluorescence screening technology and a targeted in silico approach designed to identify sequences with high selectivity and tunable affinity. The selected peptides were conjugated on Poros resin and their LV binding-and-release performance was optimized by adjusting the flow rate, composition, and pH of the chromatographic buffers. Ligands GKEAAFAA and SRAFVGDADRD were selected for their high product yield (50%-60% of viral genomes; 40%-50% of HT1080 cell-transducing particles) upon elution in PIPES buffer with 0.65 M NaCl at pH 7.4. The peptide-based adsorbents also presented remarkable values of binding capacity (up to 3·109 TU per mL of resin, or 5·1011 vp per mL of resin, at the residence time of 1 min) and clearance of host cell proteins (up to a 220-fold reduction of HEK293 HCPs). Additionally, GKEAAFAA demonstrated high resistance to caustic cleaning-in-place (0.5 M NaOH, 30 min) with no observable loss in product yield and quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gina N Mollica
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandyn D Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sobhana A Sripada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shriarjun Shastry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan E Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Casee M Loudermilk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary H Whitacre
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katie M Kilgour
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas F Johnson
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael A Daniele
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- LigaTrap Technologies LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gehrmann N, Daxbacher A, Hahn R. Rapid purification of mAb using protein a membranes yielding high HCP clearance. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123989. [PMID: 38154412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein A chromatography remains the crucial step in mAb purification because of the high binding specificity and impurity clearance. In recent years, highly productive membrane adsorbers emerged as an alternative to traditional resins allowing for rapid purification of biomolecules. In this study, we tested three commercially available protein A membranes (Sartobind® Rapid A, HiTrap Fibro™ PrismA and GORE™ Protein Capture Device) regarding flow distribution, permeability and binding performance. As an application study using a cell-culture supernatant (CCS) containing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), acidic and high pH wash steps were investigated regarding recovery and impurity removal. All membranes proved their applicability as highly productive capture media leading to high HCP and DNA removal with no observable influence on recovery. GORE™ Protein Capture Device exhibited a superior flow distribution but revealed diffusional limitations at high flow rates. Sartobind® Rapid A and HiTrap Fibro™ PrismA showed binding capacities of ∼ 40 g/L even at residence times (RTs) < 12 s but were limited by hydrodynamics suggesting room for improvement with optimized membrane housing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Gehrmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Daxbacher
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dhandapani G, Wachtel E, Patchornik G. Conjugated surfactant micelles: A non‐denaturing purification platform for concentrated human immunoglobulin G. NANO SELECT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
|
8
|
Nandy S, Maranholkar VM, Crum M, Wasden K, Patil U, Goyal A, Vu B, Kourentzi K, Mo W, Henrickson A, Demeler B, Sen M, Willson RC. Expression and Characterization of Intein-Cyclized Trimer of Staphylococcus aureus Protein A Domain Z. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1281. [PMID: 36674796 PMCID: PMC9865183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) is an IgG Fc-binding virulence factor that is widely used in antibody purification and as a scaffold to develop affinity molecules. A cyclized SpA Z domain could offer exopeptidase resistance, reduced chromatographic ligand leaching after single-site endopeptidase cleavage, and enhanced IgG binding properties by preorganization, potentially reducing conformational entropy loss upon binding. In this work, a Z domain trimer (Z3) was cyclized using protein intein splicing. Interactions of cyclic and linear Z3 with human IgG1 were characterized by differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). DSF showed a 5 ℃ increase in IgG1 melting temperature when bound by each Z3 variant. SPR showed the dissociation constants of linear and cyclized Z3 with IgG1 to be 2.9 nM and 3.3 nM, respectively. ITC gave association enthalpies for linear and cyclic Z3 with IgG1 of -33.0 kcal/mol and -32.7 kcal/mol, and -T∆S of association 21.2 kcal/mol and 21.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The compact cyclic Z3 protein contains 2 functional binding sites and exhibits carboxypeptidase Y-resistance. The results suggest cyclization as a potential approach toward more stable SpA-based affinity ligands, and this analysis may advance our understanding of protein engineering for ligand and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Nandy
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Vijay M. Maranholkar
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Mary Crum
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Katherine Wasden
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Ujwal Patil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Atul Goyal
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Binh Vu
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - William Mo
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Amy Henrickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Mehmet Sen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Richard C. Willson
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Valente JFA, Carreira TS, Dias JR, Sousa F, Alves N. Arginine-Modified 3D-Printed Chromatographic Supports. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2266. [PMID: 36365085 PMCID: PMC9695954 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing progression of biopharmaceutical-based therapies highlights the demand for efficient chromatographic methods that can be used to purify the desired biomolecules (e.g., nucleic acids, enzymes, or monoclonal antibodies) which are presently under consideration in clinical trials or approved by the Food and Drug Administration. These molecules present distinct chemical and structural properties, which are critical cues for the development and production of adequate chromatographic supports. Until now, it has not been possible to fully control the characteristics of the chromatographic matrices to assure the total reproducibility of their structure and packing. Meanwhile, three-dimensional printing (3DP) is in the early stage of its use in the production of chromatographic supports as a fast, very precise, and reproducible methodology. Although 3DP can provide excellent performance properties to the chromatographic structures, it cannot, per se, lead to high-quality pharmaceutical products. However, the association of affinity ligands, such as amino acids, which is possible in 3DP, could enable the attainment of high-purity yields of the desired molecules. Beyond the amino acids most widely studied as chromatographic ligands, arginine has been successfully immobilized on different chromatographic supports (namely, agarose bead matrices, macroporous matrices, and monoliths) to achieve extra-pure gene therapy products. In this research, we studied the immobilization of arginine on 3DP chromatographic supports, evaluating the stability of the ligand/chromatographic support linkage under different chromatographic conditions to determine the robustness of these new prototypes. Moreover, we also applied plasmid DNA samples to these supports to observe the practical behaviour of the developed arginine 3DP chromatographic structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana F. A. Valente
- CDRSP-PL—Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Tiago Soares Carreira
- CDRSP-PL—Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Juliana R. Dias
- CDRSP-PL—Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Fani Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alves
- CDRSP-PL—Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lali N, Satzer P, Jungbauer A. Residence Time Distribution in Counter-Current Protein A Affinity Chromatography Using an Inert Tracer. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Detergent micelle conjugates containing amino acid monomers allow purification of human IgG near neutral pH. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1206:123358. [PMID: 35780745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Industrial scale production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is commonly achieved with Protein A chromatography, a process that requires exposure of the antibody to strongly acidic conditions during the eluting step. Exposure to acid inactivates virus contaminants but may, in parallel, lead to antibody aggregation that must be eliminated or kept at acceptably low levels. This report seeks to provide a practical method for overcoming a long-standing problem. We show how Brij-O20 detergent micelles, conjugated by the amphiphilic [(bathophenanthroline)3:Fe2+] complex in the presence of amino acid monomers: phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), tryptophan (Trp), isoleucine (Ile) or valine (Val), efficiently capture polyclonal human IgG (hIgG) at neutral pH and allow its recovery by extraction either at pH 4 (85-97% yield) or at pH 6.3 (72-84% yield). Of the five amino acid monomers surveyed, Phe or Tyr produced the highest overall process yield at both pH 4 and 6.3. The monomeric state of the purified hIgG's was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Potential advantages of the purification method are discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chu X, Yang X, Shi Q, Dong X, Sun Y. Kinetic and molecular insight into immunoglobulin G binding to immobilized recombinant protein A of different orientations. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1671:463040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Alkaline treatment enhances mass transfer in protein A affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Szkodny AC, Lee KH. Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:141-165. [PMID: 35300518 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review describes key milestones related to the production of biopharmaceuticals-therapies manufactured using recombinant DNA technology. The market for biopharmaceuticals has grown significantly since the first biopharmaceutical approval in 1982, and the scientific maturity of the technologies used in their manufacturing processes has grown concomitantly. Early processes relied on established unit operations, with research focused on process scale-up and improved culture productivity. In the early 2000s, changes in regulatory frameworks and the introduction of Quality by Design emphasized the importance of developing manufacturing processes to deliver a desired product quality profile. As a result, companies adopted platform processes and focused on understanding the dynamic interplay between product quality and processing conditions. The consistent and reproducible manufacturing processes of today's biopharmaceutical industry have set high standards for product efficacy, quality, and safety, and as the industry continues to evolve in the coming decade, intensified processing capabilities for an expanded range of therapeutic modalities will likely become routine. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alana C Szkodny
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA; ;
| | - Kelvin H Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA; ;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou X, Jiang H, Tang Z, Sun H, Lin Z, Bian Q, Yao G, Zhang T, Chen M, Zeng W, Yu X, Huang Y. Acquirement of HRP conjunct IgG anti-IgMs from most widely cultured freshwater fishes in China and its immunoreactivity. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191024. [PMID: 34787166 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, custom-made or commercial polyclonal antibody against only one kind of fish IgM limited application of the antibody. During our research on development of vaccine against infection of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) in several kinds of fish, we were conscious of the urgency of secondary antibody to evaluate immune effect and screen C. sinensis infection with immunological technology instead of labor-intensive and time-consuming squash or artificial digestion of fish flesh. So that, we purified IgM of grass carp, bighead carp, crucian carp, common carp and tilapia which were widely cultured freshwater fishes in most areas of China. On this basis, we generated HRP-conjunct rabbit IgG anti-fish IgMs with high titers. IgM of other freshwater fishes including oshima, yellow catfish, bream, silver carp and so on could be recognized by the IgG sensitively. Additionally, The ELISA detection displayed that the IgG could be more specific and sensitive than custom-made rabbit IgG anti-grass carp IgM. The acquirement of HRP-conjunct rabbit IgG anti-fish IgMs was the cornerstone for studying the immune system of teleost fish, developing immunoassay methods and evaluation of fish vaccine with more convenience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Xinhua University, School of Health Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Techonology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongye Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Techonology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Xinhua University, School of Health Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Medical University, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Nanning, PR China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Xinhua University, School of Health Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Techonology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Bian
- Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Techonology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanqun Yao
- Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Techonology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Techonology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Meicheng Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Techonology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Foshan University, School of Life Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan, China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Techonology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Techonology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deacy AM, Gan SKE, Derrick JP. Superantigen Recognition and Interactions: Functions, Mechanisms and Applications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731845. [PMID: 34616400 PMCID: PMC8488440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Superantigens are unconventional antigens which recognise immune receptors outside their usual recognition sites e.g. complementary determining regions (CDRs), to elicit a response within the target cell. T-cell superantigens crosslink T-cell receptors and MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, leading to lymphocyte recruitment, induction of cytokine storms and T-cell anergy or apoptosis among many other effects. B-cell superantigens, on the other hand, bind immunoglobulins on B-cells, affecting opsonisation, IgG-mediated phagocytosis, and driving apoptosis. Here, through a review of the structural basis for recognition of immune receptors by superantigens, we show that their binding interfaces share specific physicochemical characteristics when compared with other protein-protein interaction complexes. Given that antibody-binding superantigens have been exploited extensively in industrial antibody purification, these observations could facilitate further protein engineering to optimize the use of superantigens in this and other areas of biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Deacy
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Ken-En Gan
- Antibody & Product Development Lab, Experimental Drug Development Centre – Bioinformatics Institute (EDDC-BII), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy P. Derrick
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Petrović T, Trbojević-Akmačić I. Lectin and Liquid Chromatography-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin (G) Glycosylation Analysis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:29-72. [PMID: 34687007 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) glycosylation has been shown to dramatically affect its structure and effector functions. Ig glycosylation changes have been associated with different diseases and show a promising biomarker potential for diagnosis and prognosis of disease advancement. On the other hand, therapeutic biomolecules based on structural and functional features of Igs demand stringent quality control during the production process to ensure their safety and efficacy. Liquid chromatography (LC) and lectin-based methods are routinely used in Ig glycosylation analysis complementary to other analytical methods, e.g., mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. This chapter covers analytical approaches based on LC and lectins used in low- and high-throughput N- and O-glycosylation analysis of Igs, with the focus on immunoglobulin G (IgG) applications. General principles and practical examples of the most often used LC methods for Ig purification are described, together with typical workflows for N- and O-glycan analysis on the level of free glycans, glycopeptides, subunits, or intact Igs. Lectin chromatography is a historical approach for the analysis of lectin-carbohydrate interactions and glycoprotein purification but is still being used as a valuable tool in Igs purification and glycan analysis. On the other hand, lectin microarrays have found their application in the rapid screening of glycan profiles on intact proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Petrović
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Behere K, Yoon S. n-Layer BET adsorption isotherm modeling for multimeric Protein A ligand and its lifetime determination. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1162:122434. [PMID: 33302227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Langmuir and other single-layer adsorption isotherms show the binding behavior of natural Protein A ligands immobilized on a column. However, no models have been shown in literature to explain the adsorption phenomena on the recombinant high binding capacity Protein A resins. This study has characterized the Protein A binding domain distribution across the ligand with multi-layer adsorption isotherms for a recombinant Protein A resin. The adsorption data was analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and various other mathematical equations. The best fit of experimental data was obtained with n-layer BET model wherein the isotherms of Protein A exhibited Type IV behavior according to BET classification. Furthermore, the binding capacity was studied throughout the shelf life using the multi-layer adsorption isotherm model. Antibody adsorption isotherms of Protein A resin were obtained at preset duration of caustic incubation. The experiments were carried out for two conditions of sanitization agent, namely, caustic and caustic with salt. Static and dynamic isotherm analysis showed that a new resin had a lower binding capacity and the initial sanitization improved the binding capacity, probably by making the binding domains more accessible. The binding capacity at equilibrium, dynamic breakthrough and batch were also evaluated and reported in this paper. The study modeled the multimeric Protein A ligand and established the requirement of optimization for cleaning regime. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the binding patterns in the recombinant Protein A ligands through a working mathematical equation and improves the current knowledge of Protein A resin lifetimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Behere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wetterhall M, Ander M, Björkman T, Musunuri S, Palmgren R, Rodrigo G. Investigation of alkaline effects on Protein A affinity ligands and resins using high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1162:122473. [PMID: 33370685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the enhanced alkaline stability of Protein A ligands and resins designed by protein engineering approaches is demonstrated. High throughput PreDictor™ plates were used to evaluate and compare the human Immunoglobulin G (IgG) static binding capacities (SBC) of MabSelect SuRe™ and MabSelect™ PrismA affinity chromatography (AC) resins after continuous incubation in 0.1-2.0 M NaOH for 1-72 h. The alkaline effect on the Protein A affinity ligand was studied by high resolution mass spectrometry (MS). The IgG binding capacity of the investigated AC resins show expected declining trends with increasing NaOH concentrations and incubation times. The decrease is larger for MabSelect SuRe than for MabSelect PrismA and occur at lower NaOH concentrations. MabSelect SuRe display high remaining binding capacity even after 72 h continuous incubation in 0.1 M NaOH, while higher concentrations induce an accentuated decline with incubation time. The MabSelect PrismA resin shows almost no effect on the binding capacity even after 72 h incubation in 0.5 M NaOH. Decline in capacity is first observed after 48 h incubation in 1.0 M NaOH, thus displaying the extreme alkaline stability of the PrismA affinity ligand. The MS analysis of the ligands, including a Protein A single B-domain, SuRe-domain and PrismA-domain clearly illustrate the increasing alkaline stability (B-domain < SuRe < PrismA) as the ligand has been refined using a protein engineering approach. Deamidation and ligand degradation could be monitored in relation to NaOH incubation conditions. Enzymatic digestion of MabSelect SuRe and MabSelect PrismA resins after alkaline incubation and LC-MS/MS peptide mapping facilitates identification and quantification of specific deamidation sites on the affinity ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mats Ander
- Cytiva, BioProcess, Björkgatan 30, SE-75184 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Björkman
- Cytiva, BioProcess, Björkgatan 30, SE-75184 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Gustav Rodrigo
- Cytiva, BioProcess, Björkgatan 30, SE-75184 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Highly selective Protein A resin allows for mild sodium chloride-mediated elution of antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461843. [PMID: 33412291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The manufacturability of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is limited by the harsh conditions that antibodies are subjected to during the purification procedure, which in turn restricts the development of novel acid-sensitive antibodies. The gold standard for antibody purification, Protein A affinity chromatography, offers the selective capture of antibodies with great yields, but also poses a threat to the quality of the antibodies. Antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins risk forming aggregates as a consequence of the acidic elution from the Protein A ligands, compromising the potency and safety of the drug. Here, we present a novel, mild purification strategy based on a calcium-dependent ligand derived from Protein A, called ZCa. Antibodies captured on a high-capacity tetrameric ZCa resin in the presence of calcium can be eluted by removing the calcium ions through the addition of a chelator, and we describe the strive to find a sustainable alternative to the previously applied chelator EDTA. The naturally occurring chelator citrate is shown to seamlessly replace EDTA. Further buffer optimization reveals that the elution can be considerably improved by increasing the conductivity through the addition of 300 mM sodium chloride, leading to a very concentrated eluate. Remarkably, merely sodium chloride at a concentration of 50 mM is proven to be sufficient for calcium-dependent antibody release in a cost-efficient manner. Antibodies of subclasses IgG2 and IgG4 are eluted with sodium chloride at neutral pH and IgG1 at pH 6, due to varying affinities for the tetrameric ZCa, ranging between 90-780 nM. The mild elution of an IgG4 antibody eliminated the formation of aggregates, which constituted as much as 34% of all eluted antibody from MabSelect SuRe at pH 3. This novel purification strategy thus combines the valuable qualities of a Protein A resin, by providing high selectivity and a recovery of 88-99%, with an exceptionally mild elution step similar to ion-exchange chromatography, rendering considerably more functional antibody.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dhandapani G, Wachtel E, Sheves M, Patchornik G. Nonionic detergent micelle aggregates: An economical alternative to protein A chromatography. N Biotechnol 2020; 61:90-98. [PMID: 33279718 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have recently described a non-chromatographic, ligand-free approach for antibody (Ab) purification based on specially designed [Tween-20:bathophenanthroline:Fe2+] aggregates. To assess the potential generality of this approach, a variety of detergents belonging to four nonionic detergent families (Tween, Brij, Triton and Pluronic) have now been studied. All surfactant aggregates led to high purity of the recovered Ab's (>95 %, by gel densitometry). Good overall Ab recovery yields were observed with Tween-20 (80-83 %), Brij-O20 (85-87 %) and Triton X-100 (87-90 %), while Pluronic F-127 was less efficient (42-53 %). Of additional importance is the finding that the process was performed by filtration rather than centrifugation, thereby allowing a continuous purification mode that led to the recovery of monomeric IgG, as determined by dynamic light scattering and preservation of Ab specificity as measured by ELISA. The amphiphilic chelator, bathophenanthroline (batho) was recycled almost quantitatively (95 %) by crystallization. Good IgG recovery yields of ∼80 % were also observed when Ab concentrations were increased from 1 mg/mL to 3-5 mg/mL. Potential advantages of the purification platform for industrial downstream processing of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Wachtel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mordechai Sheves
- Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Patchornik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400, Ariel, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zarrineh M, Mashhadi IS, Farhadpour M, Ghassempour A. Mechanism of antibodies purification by protein A. Anal Biochem 2020; 609:113909. [PMID: 32827466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein A, a major cell wall component of Staphylococcus aureus, is one of the first immunoglobulin-binding proteins that is discovered about 80 years ago. However, a great deal of development in both purification methods and application of antibodies in treatment have been done. There are many publications based on the untargeted (size exclusion, ion exchange and hydrophobic interactions) and targeted (affinity) methods by scientists in academic/industry groups. In this review, we have focused on the study of both native and engineered Protein A to understand its mechanism in the purification of antibodies. What domain of Protein A dose interact with antibody? Where are contact regions? What is the non-covalent interaction mechanism of Protein A and antibody? Does alkaline condition, in the washing step, influence on antibody structure and activity? On the other hand, the immobilization of Protein A on various sorbents such as agarose, silica, polysaccharide, polymers, and magnetic nanoparticles have investigated. Also, the application of Protein A as biosensor for detection of the antibody is discussed. We have tried to find interesting and stimulating answers to all these questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Zarrineh
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Evin, P.O.Box: 19835-389, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Soleimani Mashhadi
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Evin, P.O.Box: 19835-389, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Farhadpour
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Evin, P.O.Box: 19835-389, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Amritkar V, Adat S, Tejwani V, Rathore A, Bhambure R. Engineering Staphylococcal Protein A for high-throughput affinity purification of monoclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
25
|
Reese H, Bordelon T, Odeh F, Broussard A, Kormos C, Murphy A, Shanahan C, Menegatti S. Purification of animal immunoglobulin G (IgG) using peptoid affinity ligands. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2994. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Reese
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | | | - Fuad Odeh
- LigaTrap LLC Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | | | | | | | - Calvin Shanahan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC)North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhong T, Feng X. Optimal spacer arm microenvironment for the immobilization of recombinant Protein A on heterofunctional amino-epoxy agarose supports. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
27
|
Matos MJB, Pina AS, Roque ACA. Rational design of affinity ligands for bioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460871. [PMID: 32044126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Affinity adsorbents have been the cornerstone in protein purification. The selective nature of the molecular recognition interactions established between an affinity ligands and its target provide the basis for efficient capture and isolation of proteins. The plethora of affinity adsorbents available in the market reflects the importance of affinity chromatography in the bioseparation industry. Ligand discovery relies on the implementation of rational design techniques, which provides the foundation for the engineering of novel affinity ligands. The main goal for the design of affinity ligands is to discover or improve functionality, such as increased stability or selectivity. However, the methodologies must adapt to the current needs, namely to the number and diversity of biologicals being developed, and the availability of new tools for big data analysis and artificial intelligence. In this review, we offer an overview on the development of affinity ligands for bioseparation, including the evolution of rational design techniques, dating back to the years of early discovery up to the current and future trends in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J B Matos
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana S Pina
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A C A Roque
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Role of amphiphilic [metal:chelator] complexes in a non-chromatographic antibody purification platform. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1133:121830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
29
|
Pathak M, Lintern K, Johnson TF, Nair AM, Mukherji S, Bracewell DG, Rathore AS. Analytical tools for monitoring changes in physical and chemical properties of chromatography resin upon reuse. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:3074-3083. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mili Pathak
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
| | - Katherine Lintern
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Thomas F. Johnson
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Aswathy M. Nair
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Bombay India
| | - Soumyo Mukherji
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Bombay India
| | - Daniel G. Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bordelon T, Bobay B, Murphy A, Reese H, Shanahan C, Odeh F, Broussard A, Kormos C, Menegatti S. Translating antibody-binding peptides into peptoid ligands with improved affinity and stability. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:284-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
31
|
Studies of the oligomerisation mechanism of a cystatin-based engineered protein scaffold. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9067. [PMID: 31227800 PMCID: PMC6588553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered protein scaffolds are an alternative to monoclonal antibodies in research and drug design due to their small size, ease of production, versatility, and specificity for chosen targets. One key consideration when engineering such proteins is retaining the original scaffold structure and stability upon insertion of target-binding loops. SQT is a stefin A derived scaffold protein that was used as a model to study possible problems associated with solution behaviour of such aptamers. We used an SQT variant with AU1 and Myc insertion peptides (SQT-1C) to study the effect of peptide insertions on protein structure and oligomerisation. The X-ray structure of monomeric SQT-1C revealed a cystatin-like fold. Furthermore, we show that SQT-1C readily forms dimers and tetramers in solution. NMR revealed that these oligomers are symmetrical, with inserted loops comprising the interaction interface. Two possible mechanisms of oligomerisation are compared using molecular dynamics simulations, with domain swap oligomerisation being thermodynamically favoured. We show that retained secondary structure upon peptide insertion is not indicative of unaltered 3D structure and solution behaviour. Therefore, additional methods should be employed to comprehensively assess the consequences of peptide insertions in all aptamers, particularly as uncharacterized oligomerisation may alter binding epitope presentation and affect functional efficiency.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang Z, Shen Y, Shi QH, Sun Y. Insights into the molecular structure of immobilized protein A ligands on dextran-coated nanoparticles: Comprehensive spectroscopic investigation. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
33
|
Rigi G, Ghaedmohammadi S, Ahmadian G. A comprehensive review on staphylococcal protein A (SpA): Its production and applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:454-464. [PMID: 30869160 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) can be obtained through the culture of wild-type S. aureus and also as a recombinant protein in safe bacterial hosts. Several methods have been used to purify SpA among which ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and per aqueous liquid chromatography (PALC) are common. SpA has a wide range of biochemical, biotechnological, and medical applications and is most commonly used in test methods such as immunoprecipitation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting. SpA has also been widely utilized in pharmaceutical applications to bind to immune complexes and serum immunoglobulins. SpA also directly binds to the B-cells preventing initiation of infectious diseases as well as having a role in the development of various autoimmune diseases. This review considers different applications of SpA in biotechnology and its novel clinical application for effective treatment of autoimmune diseases. It also discusses various strategies for expression and purification of the SpA including types of column chromatography that are commonly used in protein purification and developing SpA surface display technologies. Finally, this review highlights the potential and novel applications of SpA immobilization, SpA typing, protein engineering for further development of immunological and biochemical research, and also application of SpA as a diagnostic biosensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garshasb Rigi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 881 863 4141, Iran.,Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samira Ghaedmohammadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Estahban Higher Education Center, Estahban, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- Associate Professor, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ramos‐de‐la‐Peña AM, González‐Valdez J, Aguilar O. Protein A chromatography: Challenges and progress in the purification of monoclonal antibodies. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1816-1827. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oscar Aguilar
- Tecnologico de MonterreySchool of Engineering and Science Monterrey NL Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dhandapani G, Howard A, Truong TV, Baiju TV, Kesselman E, Friedman N, Wachtel E, Sheves M, Danino D, Namboothiri INN, Patchornik G. A general platform for antibody purification utilizing engineered-micelles. MAbs 2019; 11:583-592. [PMID: 30618334 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1565749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a new concept and potentially general platform for antibody (Ab) purification that does not rely on chromatography or specific ligands (e.g., Protein A); rather, it makes use of detergent aggregates capable of efficiently capturing Ab while rejecting hydrophilic impurities. Captured Ab are then extracted from the aggregates in pure form without co-extraction of hydrophobic impurities or aggregate dissolution. The aggregates studied consist of conjugated "Engineered-micelles" built from the nonionic detergent, Tween-20; bathophenanthroline, a hydrophobic metal chelator, and Fe2+ions. When tested in serum-free media with or without bovine serum albumin as additive, human or mouse IgGs were recovered with good overall yields (70-80%, by densitometry). Extraction of IgGs with 7 different buffers at pH 3.8 sheds light on possible interactions between captured Ab and their surrounding detergent matrix that lead to purity very similar to that obtained via Protein A or Protein G resins. Extracted Ab preserve their secondary structure, specificity and monomeric character as determined by circular dichroism, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dynamic light scattering, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Assaf Howard
- a Department of Chemical Sciences , Ariel University , Ariel , Israel
| | - Thien Van Truong
- a Department of Chemical Sciences , Ariel University , Ariel , Israel
| | - Thekke V Baiju
- b Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai , India
| | - Ellina Kesselman
- c Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Technion , Haifa , Israel
| | - Noga Friedman
- d Faculty of Chemistry , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Ellen Wachtel
- d Faculty of Chemistry , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Mordechai Sheves
- d Faculty of Chemistry , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Dganit Danino
- c Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Technion , Haifa , Israel
| | | | - Guy Patchornik
- a Department of Chemical Sciences , Ariel University , Ariel , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
A novel rProtein A chromatographic media for enhancing cleaning-in-place performance. J Immunol Methods 2018; 460:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
37
|
Identification and Characterization of Novel Fc-Binding Heptapeptides from Experiments and Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070778. [PMID: 30960703 PMCID: PMC6404062 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purification of biologically-derived therapeutics is a major cost contributor to the production of this rapidly growing class of pharmaceuticals. Monoclonal antibodies comprise a large percentage of these products, therefore new antibody purification tools are needed. Small peptides, as opposed to traditional antibody affinity ligands such as Protein A, may have advantages in stability and production costs. Multiple heptapeptides that demonstrate Fc binding behavior that have been identified from a combinatorial peptide library using M13 phage display are presented herein. Seven unique peptide sequences of diverse hydrophobicity and charge were identified. All seven peptides showed strong binding to the four major human IgG isotypes, human IgM, as well as binding to canine, rat, and mouse IgG. These seven peptides were also shown to bind human IgG4 from DMEM cell culture media with 5% FCS and 5 g/L ovalbumin present. These peptides may be useful as surface ligands for antibody detection and purification purposes. Molecular docking and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms and energetics for the binding of these peptides to the Fc region. The binding site was found to be located between the two glycan chains inside the Fc fragment. Both hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were found to be crucial for the binding interactions. Excellent agreement for the binding strength was obtained between experimental results and simulations.
Collapse
|
38
|
Pabst TM, Thai J, Hunter AK. Evaluation of recent Protein A stationary phase innovations for capture of biotherapeutics. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1554:45-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
39
|
Zwolak A, Leettola CN, Tam SH, Goulet DR, Derebe MG, Pardinas JR, Zheng S, Decker R, Emmell E, Chiu ML. Rapid Purification of Human Bispecific Antibodies via Selective Modulation of Protein A Binding. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15521. [PMID: 29138497 PMCID: PMC5686111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods to rapidly generate high quality bispecific antibodies (BsAb) having normal half-lives are critical for therapeutic programs. Here, we identify 3 mutations (T307P, L309Q, and Q311R or “TLQ”) in the Fc region of human IgG1 which disrupt interaction with protein A while enhancing interaction with FcRn. The mutations are shown to incrementally alter the pH at which a mAb elutes from protein A affinity resin. A BsAb comprised of a TLQ mutant and a wild-type IgG1 can be efficiently separated from contaminating parental mAbs by differential protein A elution starting from either a) purified parental mAbs, b) in-supernatant crossed parental mAbs, or c) co-transfected mAbs. We show that the Q311R mutation confers enhanced FcRn interaction in vitro, and Abs harboring either the Q311R or TLQ mutations have serum half-lives as long as wild-type human IgG1. The mutant Abs have normal thermal stability and Fcγ receptor interactions. Together, the results lead to a method for high-throughput generation of BsAbs suitable for in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Zwolak
- Biologics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Catherine N Leettola
- Biologics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Susan H Tam
- Biologics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Dennis R Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mehabaw G Derebe
- Biologics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Jose R Pardinas
- Biologics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Songmao Zheng
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Rose Decker
- Biologics Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Eva Emmell
- Biologics Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Mark L Chiu
- Biologics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zwolak A, Armstrong AA, Tam SH, Pardinas JR, Goulet DR, Zheng S, Brosnan K, Emmell E, Luo J, Gilliland GL, Chiu ML. Modulation of protein A binding allows single-step purification of mouse bispecific antibodies that retain FcRn binding. MAbs 2017; 9:1306-1316. [PMID: 28898162 PMCID: PMC5680793 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1375639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased number of bispecific antibodies (BsAb) under therapeutic development has resulted in a need for mouse surrogate BsAbs. Here, we describe a one-step method for generating highly pure mouse BsAbs suitable for in vitro and in vivo studies. We identify two mutations in the mouse IgG2a and IgG2b Fc region: one that eliminates protein A binding and one that enhances protein A binding by 8-fold. We show that BsAbs harboring these mutations can be purified from the residual parental monoclonal antibodies in one step using protein A affinity chromatography. The structural basis for the effects of these mutations was analyzed by X-ray crystallography. While the mutation that disrupted protein A binding also inhibited FcRn interaction, a bispecific mutant in which one subunit retained the ability to bind protein A could still interact with FcRn. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the serum half-lives of the mutants showed that the mutant BsAb had a serum half-life comparable to a wild-type Ab. The results describe a rapid method for generating panels of mouse BsAbs that could be used in mouse studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Zwolak
- a Biologics Discovery , Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Spring House , PA , USA
| | - Anthony A Armstrong
- a Biologics Discovery , Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Spring House , PA , USA
| | - Susan H Tam
- a Biologics Discovery , Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Spring House , PA , USA
| | - Jose R Pardinas
- a Biologics Discovery , Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Spring House , PA , USA
| | - Dennis R Goulet
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Songmao Zheng
- c Biologics Development Sciences , Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Spring House , PA , USA
| | - Kerry Brosnan
- d Biologics Toxicology , Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Spring House , PA , USA
| | - Eva Emmell
- d Biologics Toxicology , Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Spring House , PA , USA
| | - Jeffrey Luo
- a Biologics Discovery , Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Spring House , PA , USA
| | - Gary L Gilliland
- a Biologics Discovery , Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Spring House , PA , USA
| | - Mark L Chiu
- a Biologics Discovery , Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Spring House , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nika Kruljec
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Bratkovič
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pathak M, Rathore AS. Mechanistic understanding of fouling of protein A chromatography resin. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1459:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
43
|
Zhang S, Daniels W, Salm J, Glynn J, Martin J, Gallo C, Godavarti R, Carta G. Nature of foulants and fouling mechanism in the Protein A MabSelect resin cycled in a monoclonal antibody purification process. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:141-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giorgio Carta
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Singh N, Arunkumar A, Chollangi S, Tan ZG, Borys M, Li ZJ. Clarification technologies for monoclonal antibody manufacturing processes: Current state and future perspectives. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:698-716. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Singh
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Abhiram Arunkumar
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Srinivas Chollangi
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Zhijun George Tan
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Michael Borys
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Béhar G, Pacheco S, Maillasson M, Mouratou B, Pecorari F. Switching an anti-IgG binding site between archaeal extremophilic proteins results in Affitins with enhanced pH stability. J Biotechnol 2015; 192 Pt A:123-9. [PMID: 25450641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As a useful reagent for biotechnological applications, a scaffold protein needs to be as stable as possible to ensure longer lifetimes. We have developed archaeal extremophilic proteins from the “7 kDa DNA-binding” family as scaffolds to derive affinity proteins (Affitins). In this study, we evaluated a rational structure/sequence-guided approach to stabilize an Affitin derived from Sac7d by transferring its human IgG binding site onto the framework of the more thermally stable Sso7d homolog. The chimera obtained was functional, well expressed in Escherichia coli, but less thermally stable than the original Affitin (T(m) = 74.2 °C vs. T(m) = 80.4 °C). Two single mutations described as thermally stabilizing wild type Sso7d were introduced into chimeras. Only the double mutation nearly restored thermal stability (T(m) = 76.9 °C). Interestingly, the chimera and its double mutant were stable from pH 0 up to at least pH 13. Our results show that it is possible to increase further the stability of Affitins toward alkaline conditions (+2 pH units) while conserving their advantageous properties. As Affitins are based on a growing family of homologs from archaeal extremophiles, we conclude that this approach offers new potential for their improvement, which will be useful in demanding biotechnological applications.
Collapse
|
46
|
Effect of cleaning agents and additives on Protein A ligand degradation and chromatography performance. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1385:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
47
|
Artificial affinity proteins as ligands of immunoglobulins. Biomolecules 2015; 5:60-75. [PMID: 25647098 PMCID: PMC4384111 DOI: 10.3390/biom5010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of natural proteins are known to have affinity and specificity for immunoglobulins. Some of them are widely used as reagents for detection or capture applications, such as Protein G and Protein A. However, these natural proteins have a defined spectrum of recognition that may not fit specific needs. With the development of combinatorial protein engineering and selection techniques, it has become possible to design artificial affinity proteins with the desired properties. These proteins, termed alternative scaffold proteins, are most often chosen for their stability, ease of engineering and cost-efficient recombinant production in bacteria. In this review, we focus on alternative scaffold proteins for which immunoglobulin binders have been identified and characterized.
Collapse
|
48
|
Heu W, Choi JM, Lee JJ, Jeong S, Kim HS. Protein binder for affinity purification of human immunoglobulin antibodies. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6019-25. [PMID: 24877609 DOI: 10.1021/ac501158t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The importance of a downstream process for the purification of immunoglobulin antibodies is increasing with the growing application of monoclonal antibodies in many different areas. Although protein A is most commonly used for the affinity purification of antibodies, certain properties could be further improved: higher stability in alkaline solution and milder elution condition. Herein, we present the development of Fc-specific repebody by modular engineering approach and its potential as an affinity ligand for purification of human immunoglobulin antibodies. We previously developed the repebody scaffold composed of Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules. The scaffold was shown to be highly stable over a wide range of pH and temperature, exhibiting a modular architecture. We first selected a repebody that binds the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) through a phage display and increased its binding affinity up to 1.9 × 10(-7) M in a module-by-module approach. The utility of the Fc-specific repebody was demonstrated by the performance of an immobilized repebody in affinity purification of antibodies from a mammalian cell-cultured medium. Bound-antibodies on an immobilized repebody were shown to be eluted at pH 4.0 with high purity (>94.6%) and recovery yield (>95.7%). The immobilized repebody allowed a repetitive purification process more than ten times without any loss of binding capability. The repebody remained almost intact even after incubation with 0.5 M NaOH for 15 days. The present approach could be effectively used for developing a repeat module-based binder for other target molecules for affinity purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woosung Heu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sheth RD, Jin M, Bhut BV, Li Z, Chen W, Cramer SM. Affinity precipitation of a monoclonal antibody from an industrial harvest feedstock using an ELP-Z stimuli responsive biopolymer. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1595-603. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul D. Sheth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; 110 8th Street Troy New York 12180
- Biologics Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse New York
| | - Mi Jin
- Biologics Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse New York
| | - Bharat V. Bhut
- Biologics Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse New York
| | - Zhengjian Li
- Biologics Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse New York
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Delaware; Newark Delaware
| | - Steven M. Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; 110 8th Street Troy New York 12180
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Amikura K, Sakai Y, Asami S, Kiga D. Multiple amino acid-excluded genetic codes for protein engineering using multiple sets of tRNA variants. ACS Synth Biol 2014; 3:140-4. [PMID: 24256181 DOI: 10.1021/sb400144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A "simplified genetic code", with only 19 amino acids assigned to the sense codons, was recently developed. In this study, we describe novel simplified codes in which multiple amino acids are simultaneously excluded from the universal code. In the simplest code, tryptophan, cysteine, tyrosine, and asparagine codons are assigned to serine by using four kinds of tRNA (Ser) variants. The results revealed that various sets of amino acids can easily be excluded from the universal code, using our strategy for genetic code simplification. A simplified genetic code is useful as an engineering tool for the improvement of industrial enzymes and pharmaceuticals, and also provides new insights into the assessment of protein evolution. Simplified codes in which multiple amino acids are simultaneously excluded from the code can be more effective tools than codes excluding only one amino acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Amikura
- Department
of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Earth-Life
Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoko Sakai
- Department
of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shun Asami
- Department
of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kiga
- Department
of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Earth-Life
Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|