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Díaz Casas A, Cordoba JJ, Ferrer BJ, Balakrishnan S, Wurm JE, Pastrana‐Ríos B, Chazin WJ. Binding by calmodulin is coupled to transient unfolding of the third FF domain of Prp40A. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4606. [PMID: 36810829 PMCID: PMC10022492 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Human pre-mRNA processing protein 40 homolog A (hPrp40A) is a splicing factor that interacts with the Huntington's disease protein huntingtin (Htt). Evidence has accumulated that both Htt and hPrp40A are modulated by the intracellular Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM). Here we report characterization of the interaction of human CM with the third FF domain (FF3 ) of hPrp40A using calorimetric, fluorescence and structural approaches. Homology modeling, differential scanning calorimetry and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data show FF3 forms a folded globular domain. CaM was found to bind FF3 in a Ca2+ -dependent manner with a 1:1 stoichiometry and a dissociation constant (Kd ) of 25 ± 3 μM at 25°C. NMR studies showed that both domains of CaM are engaged in binding and SAXS analysis of the FF3 -CaM complex revealed CaM occupies an extended configuration. Analysis of the FF3 sequence showed that the anchors for CaM binding must be buried in its hydrophobic core, suggesting that binding to CaM requires unfolding of FF3 . Trp anchors were proposed based on sequence analysis and confirmed by intrinsic Trp fluorescence of FF3 upon binding of CaM and substantial reductions in affinity for Trp-Ala FF3 mutants. The consensus model of the complex showed that binding to CaM binding occurs to an extended, non-globular state of the FF3 , consistent with coupling to transient unfolding of the domain. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of the complex interplay of Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensor proteins in modulating Prp40A-Htt function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Díaz Casas
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Present address:
Department of Natural SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Puerto RicoPoncePuerto RicoUSA
| | - J. J. Cordoba
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate ProgramVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - B. J. Ferrer
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate ProgramVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - S. Balakrishnan
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - J. E. Wurm
- Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate ProgramVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - B. Pastrana‐Ríos
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez CampusMayagüezPuerto RicoUSA
| | - W. J. Chazin
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate ProgramVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of ChemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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Wang W, Navarro S, Azizyan RA, Baño-Polo M, Esperante SA, Kajava AV, Ventura S. Prion soft amyloid core driven self-assembly of globular proteins into bioactive nanofibrils. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12680-12694. [PMID: 31237592 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01755k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Amyloids have been exploited to build amazing bioactive materials. In most cases, short synthetic peptides constitute the functional components of such materials. The controlled assembly of globular proteins into active amyloid nanofibrils is still challenging, because the formation of amyloids implies a conformational conversion towards a β-sheet-rich structure, with a concomitant loss of the native fold and the inactivation of the protein. There is, however, a remarkable exception to this rule: yeast prions. They are singular proteins able to switch between a soluble and an amyloid state. In both states, the structure of their globular domains remains essentially intact. The transit between these two conformations is encoded in prion domains (PrDs): long and disordered sequences to which the active globular domains are appended. PrDs are much larger than typical self-assembling peptides. This seriously limits their use for nanotechnological applications. We have recently shown that these domains contain soft amyloid cores (SACs) that suffice to nucleate their self-assembly reaction. Here we genetically fused a model SAC with different globular proteins. We demonstrate that this very short sequence acts as a minimalist PrD, driving the selective and slow assembly of the initially soluble fusion proteins into amyloid fibrils in which the globular proteins retain their native structure and display high activity. Overall, we provide here a novel, modular and straightforward strategy to build active protein-based nanomaterials at a preparative scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Wang
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susanna Navarro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafayel A Azizyan
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, UMR 5237 CNRS, Université Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Manuel Baño-Polo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sebastian A Esperante
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrey V Kajava
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, UMR 5237 CNRS, Université Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Díaz Casas A, Casanova Sepúlveda G, Sánchez Negrón O, Caro Muñiz AP, Malavé Ramos SR, Cebollero López AR, Pastrana-Ríos B. Molecular biophysical characterization of the third FF domain of Homo sapiens Prp40 homolog A. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Marinelli P, Navarro S, Baño-Polo M, Morel B, Graña-Montes R, Sabe A, Canals F, Fernandez MR, Conejero-Lara F, Ventura S. Global Protein Stabilization Does Not Suffice to Prevent Amyloid Fibril Formation. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2094-2105. [PMID: 29966079 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations or cellular conditions that destabilize the native protein conformation promote the population of partially unfolded conformations, which in many cases assemble into insoluble amyloid fibrils, a process associated with multiple human pathologies. Therefore, stabilization of protein structures is seen as an efficient way to prevent misfolding and subsequent aggregation. This has been suggested to be the underlying reason why proteins living in harsh environments, such as the extracellular space, have evolved disulfide bonds. The effect of protein disulfides on the thermodynamics and kinetics of folding has been extensively studied, but much less is known on its effect on aggregation reactions. Here, we designed a single point mutation that introduces a disulfide bond in the all-α FF domain, a protein that, despite being devoid of preformed β-sheets, forms β-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils. The novel and unique covalent bond in the FF domain dramatically increases its thermodynamic stability and folding speed. Nevertheless, these optimized properties cannot counteract the inherent aggregation propensity of the protein, thus indicating that a high global protein stabilization does not suffice to prevent amyloid formation unless it contributes to hide from exposure the specific regions that nucleate the aggregation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Marinelli
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Susanna Navarro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuel Baño-Polo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bertrand Morel
- Departamento de Química Física e Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Graña-Montes
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Sabe
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08135 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Canals
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08135 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosario Fernandez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francisco Conejero-Lara
- Departamento de Química Física e Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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A single cysteine post-translational oxidation suffices to compromise globular proteins kinetic stability and promote amyloid formation. Redox Biol 2017; 14:566-575. [PMID: 29132128 PMCID: PMC5684091 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidatively modified forms of proteins accumulate during aging. Oxidized protein conformers might act as intermediates in the formation of amyloids in age-related disorders. However, it is not known whether this amyloidogenic conversion requires an extensive protein oxidative damage or it can be promoted just by a discrete, localized post-translational modification of certain residues. Here, we demonstrate that the irreversible oxidation of a single free Cys suffices to severely perturb the folding energy landscape of a stable globular protein, compromise its kinetic stability, and lead to the formation of amyloids under physiological conditions. Experiments and simulations converge to indicate that this specific oxidation-promoted protein aggregation requires only local unfolding. Indeed, a large scale analysis indicates that many cellular proteins are at risk of undergoing this kind of deleterious transition; explaining how oxidative stress can impact cell proteostasis and subsequently lead to the onset of pathological states. The population of aggregation-prone states by natural proteins does not require their extensive oxidation. A single residue irreversible oxidation suffices to promote the formation of amyloid fibrils. Under oxidative stress, many cellular proteins are at risk of aggregating into toxic species.
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Abstract
Pre-mRNA processing protein 40 (Prp40) is a nuclear protein that has a role in pre-mRNA splicing. Prp40 possesses two leucine-rich nuclear export signals, but little is known about the function of Prp40 in the export process. Another protein that has a role in protein export is centrin, a member of the EF-hand superfamily of Ca2+-binding proteins. Prp40 was found to be a centrin target by yeast-two-hybrid screening using both Homo sapiens centrin 2 (Hscen2) and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii centrin (Crcen). We identified a centrin-binding site within H. sapiens Prp40 homolog A (HsPrp40A), which contains a hydrophobic triad W1L4L8 that is known to be important in the interaction with centrin. This centrin-binding site is highly conserved within the first nuclear export signal consensus sequence identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Prp40. Here, we examine the interaction of HsPrp40A peptide (HsPrp40Ap) with both Hscen2 and Crcen by isothermal titration calorimetry. We employed the thermodynamic parameterization to estimate the polar and apolar surface area of the interface. In addition, we have defined the molecular mechanism of thermally induced unfolding and dissociation of the Crcen-HsPrp40Ap complex using two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy. These complementary techniques showed for the first time, to our knowledge, that HsPrp40Ap interacts with centrin in vitro, supporting a coupled functional role for these proteins in pre-mRNA splicing.
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Borguesan B, e Silva MB, Grisci B, Inostroza-Ponta M, Dorn M. APL: An angle probability list to improve knowledge-based metaheuristics for the three-dimensional protein structure prediction. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 59 Pt A:142-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Protein Misfolding in Lipid-Mimetic Environments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 855:33-66. [PMID: 26149925 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17344-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among various cellular factors contributing to protein misfolding and subsequent aggregation, membranes occupy a special position due to the two-way relations between the aggregating proteins and cell membranes. On one hand, the unstable, toxic pre-fibrillar aggregates may interact with cell membranes, impairing their functions, altering ion distribution across the membranes, and possibly forming non-specific membrane pores. On the other hand, membranes, too, can modify structures of many proteins and affect the misfolding and aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins. The effects of membranes on protein structure and aggregation can be described in terms of the "membrane field" that takes into account both the negative electrostatic potential of the membrane surface and the local decrease in the dielectric constant. Water-alcohol (or other organic solvent) mixtures at moderately low pH are used as model systems to study the joint action of the local decrease of pH and dielectric constant near the membrane surface on the structure and aggregation of proteins. This chapter describes general mechanisms of structural changes of proteins in such model environments and provides examples of various proteins aggregating in the "membrane field" or in lipid-mimetic environments.
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Navarro S, Ventura S. Fluorescent dye ProteoStat to detect and discriminate intracellular amyloid-like aggregates in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1259-66. [PMID: 25112199 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The formation of amyloid aggregates is linked to the onset of an increasing number of human disorders. Thus, there is an increasing need for methodologies able to provide insights into protein deposition and its modulation. Many approaches exist to study amyloids in vitro, but the techniques available for the study of amyloid aggregation in cells are still limited and non-specific. In this study we developed a methodology for the detection of amyloid-like aggregates inside cells that discriminates these ordered assemblies from other intracellular aggregates. We chose bacteria as model system, since the inclusion bodies formed by amyloid proteins in the cytosol of bacteria resemble toxic amyloids both structurally and functionally. Using confocal microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and flow cytometry, we show that the recently developed red fluorescent dye ProteoStat can detect the presence of intracellular amyloid-like deposits in living bacterial cells with high specificity, even when the target proteins are expressed at low levels. This methodology allows quantitation of the intracellular amyloid content, shows the potential to replace in vitro screenings in the search for therapeutic anti-amyloidogenic compounds, and might be useful for identifying conditions that prevent the aggregation of therapeutic recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Navarro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Trifluoroethanol modulates amyloid formation by the all α-helical URN1 FF domain. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17830-44. [PMID: 23999589 PMCID: PMC3794755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibril formation is implicated in different human diseases. The transition between native α-helices and nonnative intermolecular β-sheets has been suggested to be a trigger of fibrillation in different conformational diseases. The FF domain of the URN1 splicing factor (URN1-FF) is a small all-α protein that populates a molten globule (MG) at low pH. Despite the fact that this conformation maintains most of the domain native secondary structure, it progressively converts into β-sheet enriched and highly ordered amyloid fibrils. In this study, we investigated if 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) induced conformational changes that affect URN1-FF amyloid formation. Despite TFE having been shown to induce or increase the aggregation of both globular and disordered proteins at moderate concentrations, we demonstrate here that in the case of URN1-FF it reinforces its intrinsic α-helical structure, which competes the formation of aggregated assemblies. In addition, we show that TFE induces conformational diversity in URN1-FF fibrils, in such a way that the fibrils formed in the presence and absence of the cosolvent represent different polymorphs. It is suggested that the effect of TFE on both the soluble and aggregated states of URN1-FF depends on its ability to facilitate hydrogen bonding.
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The N-terminal helix controls the transition between the soluble and amyloid states of an FF domain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58297. [PMID: 23505482 PMCID: PMC3591442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein aggregation is linked to the onset of an increasing number of human nonneuropathic (either localized or systemic) and neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, misfolding of native α-helical structures and their self-assembly into nonnative intermolecular β-sheets has been proposed to trigger amyloid fibril formation in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Methods Here, we use a battery of biophysical techniques to elucidate the conformational conversion of native α-helices into amyloid fibrils using an all-α FF domain as a model system. Results We show that under mild denaturing conditions at low pH this FF domain self-assembles into amyloid fibrils. Theoretical and experimental dissection of the secondary structure elements in this domain indicates that the helix 1 at the N-terminus has both the highest α-helical and amyloid propensities, controlling the transition between soluble and aggregated states of the protein. Conclusions The data illustrates the overlap between the propensity to form native α-helices and amyloid structures in protein segments. Significance The results presented contribute to explain why proteins cannot avoid the presence of aggregation-prone regions and indeed use stable α-helices as a strategy to neutralize such potentially deleterious stretches.
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12
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Liu J, Fan S, Lee CJ, Greenleaf AL, Zhou P. Specific interaction of the transcription elongation regulator TCERG1 with RNA polymerase II requires simultaneous phosphorylation at Ser2, Ser5, and Ser7 within the carboxyl-terminal domain repeat. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10890-901. [PMID: 23436654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.460238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human transcription elongation regulator TCERG1 physically couples transcription elongation and splicing events by interacting with splicing factors through its N-terminal WW domains and the hyperphosphorylated C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II through its C-terminal FF domains. Here, we report biochemical and structural characterization of the C-terminal three FF domains (FF4-6) of TCERG1, revealing a rigid integral domain structure of the tandem FF repeat that interacts with the hyperphosphorylated CTD (PCTD). Although FF4 and FF5 adopt a classical FF domain fold containing three orthogonally packed α helices and a 310 helix, FF6 contains an additional insertion helix between α1 and α2. The formation of the integral tandem FF4-6 repeat is achieved by merging the last helix of the preceding FF domain and the first helix of the following FF domain and by direct interactions between neighboring FF domains. Using peptide column binding assays and NMR titrations, we show that binding of the FF4-6 tandem repeat to the PCTD requires simultaneous phosphorylation at Ser(2), Ser(5), and Ser(7) positions within two consecutive Y(1)S(2)P(3)T(4)S(5)P(6)S(7) heptad repeats. Such a sequence-specific PCTD recognition is achieved through CTD-docking sites on FF4 and FF5 of TCERG1 but not FF6. Our study presents the first example of a nuclear factor requiring all three phospho-Ser marks within the heptad repeat of the CTD for high affinity binding and provides a molecular interpretation for the biochemical connection between the Ser(7) phosphorylation enrichment in the CTD of the transcribing RNA polymerase II over introns and co-transcriptional splicing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Sánchez-Hernández N, Ruiz L, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Montes M, Macias MJ, Hernández-Munain C, Suñé C. The FF4 and FF5 domains of transcription elongation regulator 1 (TCERG1) target proteins to the periphery of speckles. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17789-17800. [PMID: 22453921 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.304782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription elongation regulator 1 (TCERG1) is a human factor implicated in interactions with the spliceosome as a coupler of transcription and splicing. The protein is highly concentrated at the interface between speckles (the compartments enriched in splicing factors) and nearby transcription sites. Here, we identified the FF4 and FF5 domains of TCERG1 as the amino acid sequences required to direct this protein to the periphery of nuclear speckles, where coordinated transcription/RNA processing events occur. Consistent with our localization data, we observed that the FF4 and FF5 pair is required to fold in solution, thus suggesting that the pair forms a functional unit. When added to heterologous proteins, the FF4-FF5 pair is capable of targeting the resulting fusion protein to speckles. This represents, to our knowledge, the first description of a targeting signal for the localization of proteins to sites peripheral to speckled domains. Moreover, this "speckle periphery-targeting signal" contributes to the regulation of alternative splicing decisions of a reporter pre-mRNA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Lidia Ruiz
- Structural and Computational Biology Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Marta Montes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Maria J Macias
- Structural and Computational Biology Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández-Munain
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Suñé
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), 18100 Armilla, Spain.
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Qin J, Barajas D, Nagy PD. An inhibitory function of WW domain-containing host proteins in RNA virus replication. Virology 2012; 426:106-19. [PMID: 22341780 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To identify new genes affecting Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) replication in yeast model host, we are studying protein families, whose members have been identified during previous high throughput screening. In this paper, we have characterized the WW domain-containing protein family from yeast and plants. We find that, in addition to Rsp5 E3 ubiquitin ligase, yeast Wwm1 and Prp40 and three Arabidopsis WW domain-containing proteins are strong inhibitors of TBSV replication. The tombusvirus replicase complex isolated from yeast with down-regulated Wwm1 protein level was more active. Accumulation of viral p92(pol) was reduced when Wwm1 was over-expressed, suggesting that the stability of p92(pol) might be reduced, as observed with Rsp5. Moreover, replication of two insect RNA viruses is also inhibited by Wwm1 and Rsp5, suggesting that WW domain-containing proteins might have broad regulatory effects on RNA viruses. Thus, artificial antiviral proteins with WW domains could be useful antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qin
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
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15
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Zhao L, Cao Z, Wang J. The Effect of C-Terminal Helix on the Stability of FF Domain Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:1720-1732. [PMID: 22408419 PMCID: PMC3291988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liling Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Macromolecular Biophysics, Dezhou University, 566 University Rd. West, Dezhou 253023, China; E-Mails: (L.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Physics, Dezhou University, 566 University Rd. West, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Zanxia Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Macromolecular Biophysics, Dezhou University, 566 University Rd. West, Dezhou 253023, China; E-Mails: (L.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Physics, Dezhou University, 566 University Rd. West, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Macromolecular Biophysics, Dezhou University, 566 University Rd. West, Dezhou 253023, China; E-Mails: (L.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Physics, Dezhou University, 566 University Rd. West, Dezhou 253023, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-534-8985933; Fax: +86-534-8985884
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Ren L, McLean JR, Hazbun TR, Fields S, Vander Kooi C, Ohi MD, Gould KL. Systematic two-hybrid and comparative proteomic analyses reveal novel yeast pre-mRNA splicing factors connected to Prp19. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16719. [PMID: 21386897 PMCID: PMC3046128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prp19 is the founding member of the NineTeen Complex, or NTC, which is a spliceosomal subcomplex essential for spliceosome activation. To define Prp19 connectivity and dynamic protein interactions within the spliceosome, we systematically queried the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome for Prp19 WD40 domain interaction partners by two-hybrid analysis. We report that in addition to S. cerevisiae Cwc2, the splicing factor Prp17 binds directly to the Prp19 WD40 domain in a 1:1 ratio. Prp17 binds simultaneously with Cwc2 indicating that it is part of the core NTC complex. We also find that the previously uncharacterized protein Urn1 (Dre4 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe) directly interacts with Prp19, and that Dre4 is conditionally required for pre-mRNA splicing in S. pombe. S. pombe Dre4 and S. cerevisiae Urn1 co-purify U2, U5, and U6 snRNAs and multiple splicing factors, and dre4Δ and urn1Δ strains display numerous negative genetic interactions with known splicing mutants. The S. pombe Prp19-containing Dre4 complex co-purifies three previously uncharacterized proteins that participate in pre-mRNA splicing, likely before spliceosome activation. Our multi-faceted approach has revealed new low abundance splicing factors connected to NTC function, provides evidence for distinct Prp19 containing complexes, and underscores the role of the Prp19 WD40 domain as a splicing scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ren
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Janel R. McLean
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tony R. Hazbun
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stanley Fields
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Craig Vander Kooi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Melanie D. Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kathleen L. Gould
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Murphy JM, Hansen DF, Wiesner S, Muhandiram DR, Borg M, Smith MJ, Sicheri F, Kay LE, Forman-Kay JD, Pawson T. Structural Studies of FF Domains of the Transcription Factor CA150 Provide Insights into the Organization of FF Domain Tandem Arrays. J Mol Biol 2009; 393:409-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lu M, Yang J, Ren Z, Sabui S, Espejo A, Bedford MT, Jacobson RH, Jeruzalmi D, McMurray JS, Chen X. Crystal structure of the three tandem FF domains of the transcription elongation regulator CA150. J Mol Biol 2009; 393:397-408. [PMID: 19660470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
FF domains are small protein-protein interaction modules that have two flanking conserved phenylalanine residues. They are present in proteins involved in transcription, RNA splicing, and signal transduction, and often exist in tandem arrays. Although several individual FF domain structures have been determined by NMR, the tandem nature of most FF domains has not been revealed. Here we report the 2.7-A-resolution crystal structure of the first three FF domains of the human transcription elongation factor CA150. Each FF domain is composed of three alpha-helices and a 3(10) helix between alpha-helix 2 and alpha-helix 3. The most striking feature of the structure is that an FF domain is connected to the next by an alpha-helix that continues from helix 3 to helix 1 of the next. The consequent elongated arrangement allows exposure of many charged residues within the region that can be engaged in interaction with other molecules. Binding studies using a peptide ligand suggest that a specific conformation of the FF domains might be required to achieve higher-affinity binding. Additionally, we explore potential DNA binding of the FF construct used in this study. Overall, we provide the first crystal structure of an FF domain and insights into the tandem nature of the FF domains and suggest that, in addition to protein binding, FF domains might be involved in DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
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Bonet R, Ruiz L, Morales B, Macias MJ. Solution structure of the fourth FF domain of yeast Prp40 splicing factor. Proteins 2009; 77:1000-3. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bonet R, Ruiz L, Aragón E, Martín-Malpartida P, Macias MJ. NMR structural studies on human p190-A RhoGAPFF1 revealed that domain phosphorylation by the PDGF-receptor alpha requires its previous unfolding. J Mol Biol 2009; 389:230-7. [PMID: 19393245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
p190-A and -B Rho GAPs (guanosine triphosphatase activating proteins) are the only cytoplasmatic proteins containing FF domains. In p190-A Rho GAP, the region containing the FF domains has been implicated in binding to the transcription factor TFII-I. Moreover, phosphorylation of Tyr308 within the first FF domain inhibits this interaction. Because the structural determinants governing this mechanism remain unknown, we sought to solve the structure of the first FF domain of p190-A Rho GAP (RhoGAPFF1) and to study the potential impact of phosphorylation on the structure. We found that RhoGAPFF1 does not fold with the typical (alpha1-alpha2-3(10)-alpha 3) arrangement of other FF domains. Instead, the NMR data obtained at 285 K show an alpha1-alpha2-alpha 3-alpha 4 topology. In addition, we observed that specific contacts between residues in the first loop and the fourth helix are indispensable for the correct folding and stability of this domain. The structure also revealed that Tyr308 contributes to the domain hydrophobic core. Furthermore, the residues that compose the target motif of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha kinase form part of the alpha 3 helix. We observed that the phosphorylation reaction requires a previous step including domain unfolding, a process that occurs at 310 K. In the absence of phosphorylation, the temperature-dependent RhoGAPFF1 folding/unfolding process is reversible. However, phosphorylation causes an irreversible destabilization of the RhoGAPFF1 structure, which probably accounts for the inhibitory effect that it exerts on the TFII-I interaction. Our results link the ability of a protein domain to be phosphorylated with conformational changes in its three-dimensional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bonet
- The Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona (Protein NMR Group), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, Baldiri Reixac 10-13, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Ester C, Uetz P. The FF domains of yeast U1 snRNP protein Prp40 mediate interactions with Luc7 and Snu71. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2008; 9:29. [PMID: 19014439 PMCID: PMC2613882 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-9-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The FF domain is conserved across all eukaryotes and usually acts as an adaptor module in RNA metabolism and transcription. Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes two FF domain proteins, Prp40, a component of the U1 snRNP, and Ypr152c, a protein of unknown function. The structure of Prp40, its relationship to other proteins within the U1 snRNP, and its precise function remain little understood. Results Here we have investigated the essentiality and interaction properties of the FF domains of yeast Prp40. We show that the C-terminal two FF domains of Prp40 are dispensable. Deletion of additional FF domains is lethal. The first FF domain of Prp40 binds to U1 protein Luc7 in yeast two-hybrid and GST pulldown experiments. FF domains 2 and 3 bind to Snu71, another known U1 protein. Peptide array screens identified binding sites for FF1-2 within Snu71 (NDVHY) and for FF1 within Luc7 (ϕ[FHL] × [KR] × [GHL] with ϕ being a hydrophobic amino acid). Conclusion Prp40, Luc7, and Snu71 appear to form a subcomplex within the yeast U1snRNP. Our data suggests that the N-terminal FF domains are critical for these interactions. Crystallization of Prp40, Luc7, and Snu71 have failed so far but co-crystallization of pairs or the whole tri-complex may facilitate crystallographic and further functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ester
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, P, O, Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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