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Burge RJ, Mottram JC, Wilkinson AJ. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like conjugation systems in trypanosomatids. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 70:102202. [PMID: 36099676 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, reversible attachment of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers (Ubls) to specific target proteins is conducted by multicomponent systems whose collective actions control protein fate and cell behaviour in precise but complex ways. In trypanosomatids, attachment of ubiquitin and Ubls to target proteins regulates the cell cycle, endocytosis, protein sorting and degradation, autophagy and various aspects of infection and stress responses. The extent of these systems in trypanosomatids has been surveyed in recent reports, while in Leishmania mexicana, essential roles have been defined for many ubiquitin-system genes in deletion mutagenesis and life-cycle phenotyping campaigns. The first steps to elucidate the pathways of ubiquitin transfer among the ubiquitination components and to define the acceptor substrates and the downstream deubiquitinases are now being taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Burge
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jeremy C Mottram
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Anthony J Wilkinson
- York Biomedical Research Institute & York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
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Karpiyevich M, Artavanis-Tsakonas K. Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers: Emerging Regulators of Protozoan Parasites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1403. [PMID: 33022940 PMCID: PMC7600729 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational protein regulation allows for fine-tuning of cellular functions and involves a wide range of modifications, including ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers (Ubls). The dynamic balance of Ubl conjugation and removal shapes the fates of target substrates, in turn modulating various cellular processes. The mechanistic aspects of Ubl pathways and their biological roles have been largely established in yeast, plants, and mammalian cells. However, these modifiers may be utilised differently in highly specialised and divergent organisms, such as parasitic protozoa. In this review, we explore how these parasites employ Ubls, in particular SUMO, NEDD8, ATG8, ATG12, URM1, and UFM1, to regulate their unconventional cellular physiology. We discuss emerging data that provide evidence of Ubl-mediated regulation of unique parasite-specific processes, as well as the distinctive features of Ubl pathways in parasitic protozoa. We also highlight the potential to leverage these essential regulators and their cognate enzymatic machinery for development of therapeutics to protect against the diseases caused by protozoan parasites.
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Solution structure of TbUfm1 from Trypanosoma brucei and its binding to TbUba5. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107580. [PMID: 32693018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like proteins are conserved in eukaryotes and involved in numerous cellular processes. Ufm1 is proved to play important roles in endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, vesicle transportation and embryonic development. Enzyme cascade of Ufm1 is similar to that of ubiquitin. Mature Ufm1 is activated and conjugated to substrates by assistance of Ufm1 activating enzyme Uba5 (E1), Ufm1 conjugating enzyme Ufc1 (E2), and Ufm1 ligating enzyme Ufl1 (E3). Here, we determined the solution structure of TbUfm1 from Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) by NMR spectroscopy and explored the interactions between TbUfm1 and TbUba5/TbUfc1/TbUfl1. TbUfm1 adopts a typical β-grasp fold, which partially wraps a central α-helix and the other two helixes. NMR chemical shift perturbation indicated that TbUfm1 interacts with TbUba5 via a hydrophobic pocket formed by α1α2β1β2. Although the structure and Uba5-interaction mode of TbUfm1 are conserved in Ufm1 proteins, there are also some differences, which might reflect the potential diversity of Ufm1 in evolution and biological functions.
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Mi J, Zhang J, Liao S, Tu X. Solution structure of a ubiquitin-like protein from Trypanosoma brucei. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1831-1836. [PMID: 30058168 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like proteins, similar to ubiquitin, can either exist freely or be covalently attached to other proteins via an enzymatic cascade. The ubiquitin-like proteins play roles in multiple biological processes including transcription, stress responses, DNA repair and so on. In this study, a novel ubiquitin-like protein (TbUbl11) was identified in Trypanosoma brucei. The solution structure of TbUbl11 was solved by NMR spectroscopy. TbUbl11 adopts a conserved β-grasp fold composed by a five-stranded β-sheet curling around a central α-helix, similar to other ubiquitin-like proteins. Meanwhile, some differences between TbUbl11 and other ubiquitin-like proteins were also identified. Additionally, we revealed that TbUbl11 is located in the whole cell body of procyclic-form T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahai Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhui Liao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
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Wang R, Zhang J, Liao S, Tu X. 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of NEDD8 from Trypanosoma brucei. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2018; 12:159-161. [PMID: 29327103 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-018-9800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural precursor cell-expressed, developmently downregulated 8 (NEDD8) is a small ubiquitin-like modifier, which plays important roles in many cellular processes. Although it has been well studied in many eukaryotes, NEDD8 is still uncharacterized in some unicellular parasites, such as Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei). Here we report the resonance assignments of NEDD8 from T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Anthropotomy and Histoembryology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahai Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhui Liao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Liao S, Hu H, Wang T, Tu X, Li Z. The Protein Neddylation Pathway in Trypanosoma brucei: FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SUBSTRATE IDENTIFICATION. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1081-1091. [PMID: 27956554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.766741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications such as neddylation play crucial roles in regulating protein function. Only a few neddylated substrates have been validated to date, and the role of neddylation remains poorly understood. Here, using Trypanosoma brucei as the model organism, we investigated the function and substrates of TbNedd8. TbNedd8 is distributed throughout the cytosol but enriched in the nucleus and the flagellum. Depletion of TbNedd8 by RNAi abolished global protein ubiquitination, caused DNA re-replication in postmitotic cells, impaired spindle assembly, and compromised the flagellum attachment zone filament, leading to flagellum detachment. Through affinity purification and mass spectrometry, we identified 70 TbNedd8-conjugated and -associated proteins, including known Nedd8-conjugated and -associated proteins, putative TbNedd8 conjugation system enzymes, proteins of diverse biological functions, and proteins of unknown function. Finally, we validated six Cullins as bona fide TbNedd8 substrates and identified the TbNedd8 conjugation site in three Cullins. This work lays the foundation for understanding the roles of protein neddylation in this early divergent parasitic protozoan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Liao
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and.,the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Huiqing Hu
- the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tao Wang
- the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and
| | - Ziyin Li
- the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Sharma V, Sharma P, Selvapandiyan A, Salotra P. Leishmania donovani-specific Ub-related modifier-1: an early endosome-associated ubiquitin-like conjugation inLeishmania donovani. Mol Microbiol 2015; 99:597-610. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanila Sharma
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR); Safdarjang Hospital Campus; New Delhi 110029 India
- Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences; Symbiosis International University; Pune 412115 Maharashtra India
| | - Paresh Sharma
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR); Safdarjang Hospital Campus; New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Angamuthu Selvapandiyan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; 254 Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase III New Delhi 110020 India
| | - Poonam Salotra
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR); Safdarjang Hospital Campus; New Delhi 110029 India
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Solution structure of the Taf14 YEATS domain and its roles in cell growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 2011; 436:83-90. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin modifications play important roles in cellular biological process. A novel conserved domain family, YEATS, has been discovered in a variety of eukaryotic species ranging from yeasts to humans. Taf14, which is involved in a few protein complexes of chromatin remodelling and gene transcription, and is essential for keeping chromosome stability, regular cell growth and transcriptional regulation, contains a YEATS domain at its N-terminus. In the present study, we determined the solution structure of the Taf14 YEATS domain using NMR spectroscopy. The Taf14 YEATS domain adopts a global fold of an elongated β-sandwich, similar to the Yaf9 YEATS domain. However, the Taf14 YEATS domain differs significantly from the Yaf9 YEATS domain in some aspects, which might indicate different structural classes of the YEATS domain family. Functional studies indicate that the YEATS domain is critical for the function of Taf14 in inhibiting cell growth under stress conditions. In addition, our results show that the C-terminus of Taf14 is responsible for its interaction with Sth1, which is an essential component of the RSC complex. Taken together, this implies that Taf14 is involved in transcriptional activation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the YEATS domain of Taf14 might play a negative role in cell growth.
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Pup, a prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein, is an intrinsically disordered protein. Biochem J 2009; 422:207-15. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20090738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pup (prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the first ubiquitin-like protein identified in non-eukaryotic cells. Although different ubiquitin-like proteins from eukaryotes share low sequence similarity, their 3D (three-dimensional) structures exhibit highly conserved typical ubiquitin-like folds. Interestingly, our studies reveal that Pup not only shares low sequence similarity, but also presents a totally distinguished structure compared with other ubiquitin-like superfamily proteins. Diverse structure predictions combined with CD and NMR spectroscopic studies all demonstrate that Pup is an intrinsically disordered protein. Moreover, 1H-15N NOE (nuclear Overhauser effect) data and CSI (chemical shift index) analyses indicate that there is a residual secondary structure at the C-terminus of Pup. In M. tuberculosis, Mpa (mycobacterium proteasomal ATPase) is the regulatory cap ATPase of the proteasome that interacts with Pup and brings the substrates to the proteasome for degradation. In the present paper, SPR (surface plasmon resonance) and NMR perturbation studies imply that the C-terminus of Pup, ranging from residues 30 to 59, binds to Mpa probably through a hydrophobic interface. In addition, phylogenetic analysis clearly shows that the Pup family belongs to a unique and divergent evolutionary branch, suggesting that it is the most ancient and deeply branched family among ubiquitin-like proteins. This might explain the structural distinction between Pup and other ubiquitin-like superfamily proteins.
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