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Marjault HB, Karmi O, Zuo K, Michaeli D, Eisenberg-Domovich Y, Rossetti G, de Chassey B, Vonderscher J, Cabantchik I, Carloni P, Mittler R, Livnah O, Meldrum E, Nechushtai R. An anti-diabetic drug targets NEET (CISD) proteins through destabilization of their [2Fe-2S] clusters. Commun Biol 2022; 5:437. [PMID: 35538231 PMCID: PMC9090738 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of mitochondrial iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompany the progression of diabetes, negatively impacting insulin production and secretion from pancreatic cells. In search for a tool to reduce mitochondrial iron and ROS levels, we arrived at a molecule that destabilizes the [2Fe-2S] clusters of NEET proteins (M1). Treatment of db/db diabetic mice with M1 improved hyperglycemia, without the weight gain observed with alternative treatments such as rosiglitazone. The molecular interactions of M1 with the NEET proteins mNT and NAF-1 were determined by X-crystallography. The possibility of controlling diabetes by molecules that destabilize the [2Fe-2S] clusters of NEET proteins, thereby reducing iron-mediated oxidative stress, opens a new route for managing metabolic aberration such as in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-Baptiste Marjault
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science and The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
- Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ola Karmi
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science and The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ke Zuo
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science and The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
- Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dorit Michaeli
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science and The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Yael Eisenberg-Domovich
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science and The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Institute of Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute of Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, For-schungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Benoit de Chassey
- ENYO-Pharma, Bioserra 1, 60 Avenue Rockefeller Bâtiment B, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Jacky Vonderscher
- ENYO-Pharma, Bioserra 1, 60 Avenue Rockefeller Bâtiment B, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Ioav Cabantchik
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science and The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Institute of Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute of Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, For-schungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- JARA Institute: Molecular Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Oded Livnah
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science and The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Eric Meldrum
- ENYO-Pharma, Bioserra 1, 60 Avenue Rockefeller Bâtiment B, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science and The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
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Ritonavir and xk263 Binding-Unbinding with HIV-1 Protease: Pathways, Energy and Comparison. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010116. [PMID: 35054509 PMCID: PMC8779838 DOI: 10.3390/life12010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding non-covalent biomolecular recognition, which includes drug-protein bound states and their binding/unbinding processes, is of fundamental importance in chemistry, biology, and medicine. Fully revealing the factors that govern the binding/unbinding processes can further assist in designing drugs with desired binding kinetics. HIV protease (HIVp) plays an integral role in the HIV life cycle, so it is a prime target for drug therapy. HIVp has flexible flaps, and the binding pocket can be accessible by a ligand via various pathways. Comparing ligand association and dissociation pathways can help elucidate the ligand-protein interactions such as key residues directly involved in the interaction or specific protein conformations that determine the binding of a ligand under certain pathway(s). Here, we investigated the ligand unbinding process for a slow binder, ritonavir, and a fast binder, xk263, by using unbiased all-atom accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) simulation with a re-seeding approach and an explicit solvent model. Using ritonavir-HIVp and xk263-HIVp ligand-protein systems as cases, we sampled multiple unbinding pathways for each ligand and observed that the two ligands preferred the same unbinding route. However, ritonavir required a greater HIVp motion to dissociate as compared with xk263, which can leave the binding pocket with little conformational change of HIVp. We also observed that ritonavir unbinding pathways involved residues which are associated with drug resistance and are distal from catalytic site. Analyzing HIVp conformations sampled during both ligand-protein binding and unbinding processes revealed significantly more overlapping HIVp conformations for ritonavir-HIVp rather than xk263-HIVp. However, many HIVp conformations are unique in xk263-HIVp unbinding processes. The findings are consistent with previous findings that xk263 prefers an induced-fit model for binding and unbinding, whereas ritonavir favors a conformation selection model. This study deepens our understanding of the dynamic process of ligand unbinding and provides insights into ligand-protein recognition mechanisms and drug discovery.
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Jette CI, Geibel I, Bachman S, Hayashi M, Sakurai S, Shimizu H, Morgan JB, Stoltz BM. Palladium-Catalyzed Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters by Enantioselective Arylation of γ-Lactams with Aryl Chlorides and Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4297-4301. [PMID: 30677201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first Pd-catalyzed enantioselective arylation of α-substituted γ-lactams. Two sets of conditions were developed for this transformation, allowing for the use of either aryl chlorides or bromides as electrophiles. Utilizing a highly electron-rich dialkylphosphine ligand we have been able to construct α-quaternary centers in good yields (up to 91 % yield) and high enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina I Jette
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Irina Geibel
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Shoshana Bachman
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Masaki Hayashi
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Shunya Sakurai
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Hideki Shimizu
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jeremy B Morgan
- Dobo Hall, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, 601 S. College Rd., Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Jette CI, Geibel I, Bachman S, Hayashi M, Sakurai S, Shimizu H, Morgan JB, Stoltz BM. Palladium‐Catalyzed Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters by Enantioselective Arylation of γ‐Lactams with Aryl Chlorides and Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina I. Jette
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Irina Geibel
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Shoshana Bachman
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Masaki Hayashi
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Shunya Sakurai
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Hideki Shimizu
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jeremy B. Morgan
- Dobo Hall Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of North Carolina 601 S. College Rd. Wilmington NC 28403 USA
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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Evolution of inhibitor-resistant natural mutant forms of HIV-1 protease probed by pre-steady state kinetic analysis. Biochimie 2017; 142:125-134. [PMID: 28843613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pre-steady state kinetic analysis of mechanistic features of substrate binding and processing is crucial for insight into the evolution of inhibitor-resistant forms of HIV-1 protease. These data may provide a correct vector for rational drug design assuming possible intrinsic dynamic effects. These data should also give some clues to the molecular mechanism of protease action and resistance to inhibitors. Here we report pre-steady state kinetics of the interaction of wild type or mutant forms of HIV-1 protease with a FRET-labeled peptide. The three-stage "minimal" kinetic scheme with first and second reversible steps of substrate binding and with following irreversible peptide cleavage step adequately described experimental data. For the first time, a set of "elementary" kinetic parameters of wild type HIV-1 protease and its natural mutant inhibitor-resistant forms MDR-HM, ANAM-11 and prDRV4 were compared. Inhibitors of the first and second generation were used to estimate the inhibitory effects on HIV-1 protease activity. The resulting set of kinetic data supported that the mutant forms are kinetically unaffected by inhibitors of the first generation, proving their functional resistance to these compounds. The second generation inhibitor darunavir inhibited mutant forms MDR-HM and ANAM-11, but was ineffective against prDRV4. Our kinetic data revealed that these inhibitors induced different conformational changes in the enzyme and, thereby they have different mode of binding in the enzyme active site. These data confirmed hypothesis that the driving force of the inhibitor-resistance evolution is disruption of enzyme-inhibitor complex by changing of the contact network in the inhibitor binding site.
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Meng XM, Hu WJ, Mu YG, Sheng XH. Effect of allosteric molecules on structure and drug affinity of HIV-1 protease by molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 70:153-162. [PMID: 27723563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent experiments show that small molecules can bind onto the allosteric sites of HIV-1 protease (PR), which provides a starting point for developing allosteric inhibitors. However, the knowledge of the effect of such binding on the structural dynamics and binding free energy of the active site inhibitor and PR is still lacking. Here, we report 200ns long molecular dynamics simulation results to gain insight into the influences of two allosteric molecules (1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid, 1F1 and 2-methylcyclohexano, 4D9). The simulations demonstrate that both allosteric molecules change the PR conformation and stabilize the structures of PR and the inhibitor; the residues of the flaps are sensitive to the allosteric molecules and the flexibility of the residues is pronouncedly suppressed; the additions of the small molecules to the allosteric sites strengthen the binding affinities of 3TL-PR by about 12-15kal/mol in the binding free energy, which mainly arises from electrostatic term. Interestingly, it is found that the action mechanisms of 1F1 and 4D9 are different, the former behaviors like a doorman that keeps the inhibitor from escape and makes the flaps (door) partially open; the latter is like a wedge that expands the allosteric space and meanwhile closes the flaps. Our data provide a theoretical support for designing the allosteric inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Mei Meng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wei-Jun Hu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Yu-Guang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639815, Singapore.
| | - Xie-Huang Sheng
- School of Chemistry, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Abstract
The virally encoded protease is an important drug target for AIDS therapy. Despite the potency of the current drugs, infections with resistant viral strains limit the long-term effectiveness of therapy. Highly resistant variants of HIV protease from clinical isolates have different combinations of about 20 mutations and several orders of magnitude worse binding affinity for clinical inhibitors. Strategies are being explored to inhibit these highly resistant mutants. The existing inhibitors can be modified by introducing groups with the potential to form new interactions with conserved protease residues, and the flexible flaps. Alternative strategies are discussed, including designing inhibitors to bind to the open conformation of the protease dimer, and inhibition of the protease-catalyzed processing of the Gag-Pol precursor.
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Kushwaha K, Malakar CC, Stas S, Lemière F, Abbaspour Tehrani K. Indium(iii)-catalyzed tandem synthesis of 2-alkynyl-3,3-dichloropyrrolidines and their conversion to 3-chloropyrroles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient route to 2-alkynyl-3,3-dichloropyrrolidines was described by addition of terminal acetylenes to 2,2,4-trichloroaldimines using In(OTf)3 as a catalyst. In the presence of a base these pyrrolidines were transformed into 3-chloropyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Kushwaha
- Organic Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- B-2020 Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - C. C. Malakar
- Organic Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- B-2020 Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - S. Stas
- Organic Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- B-2020 Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - F. Lemière
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Center for Proteomics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- B-2020 Antwerp
- Belgium
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Zhao BL, Lin Y, Yan HH, Du DM. Squaramide-catalysed asymmetric cascade aza-Michael/Michael addition reaction for the synthesis of chiral trisubstituted pyrrolidines. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11351-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A squaramide catalysed aza-Michael/Michael cascade reaction between nitroalkenes and tosylaminomethyl enones or enoates afforded highly functionalized chiral pyrrolidines in good yields (up to 99%) with good diastereoselectivities (up to 91 : 9 dr) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Liang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Hao Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Ming Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
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Belmessieri D, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Telescoped Synthesis of Stereodefined Pyrrolidines. Org Lett 2013; 15:3472-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401554y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorine Belmessieri
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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Brown AR, Uyeda C, Brotherton CA, Jacobsen EN. Enantioselective thiourea-catalyzed intramolecular cope-type hydroamination. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6747-9. [PMID: 23597402 PMCID: PMC3689223 DOI: 10.1021/ja402893z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis of Cope-type rearrangements of bis-homoallylic hydroxylamines is demonstrated using chiral thiourea derivatives. This formal intramolecular hydroamination reaction provides access to highly enantioenriched α-substituted pyrrolidine products and represents a complementary approach to metal-catalyzed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Brotherton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Jui NT, Garber JAO, Finelli FG, MacMillan DWC. Enantioselective organo-SOMO cycloadditions: a catalytic approach to complex pyrrolidines from olefins and aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11400-3. [PMID: 22764834 PMCID: PMC3408613 DOI: 10.1021/ja305076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A new method to rapidly generate pyrrolidines via a SOMO-activated enantioselective (3 + 2) coupling of aldehydes and conjugated olefins has been accomplished. A radical-polar crossover mechanism is proposed wherein olefin addition to a transient enamine radical cation and oxidation of the resulting radical furnish a cationic intermediate which is vulnerable to nucleophilic addition of a tethered amine group. A range of olefins, including styrenes and dienes, are shown to provide stereochemically complex pyrrolidine products with high chemical efficiency and enantiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Jui
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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Saravanan P, Dubey VK, Patra S. Potential selective inhibitors against Rv0183 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis targeting host lipid metabolism. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:1056-62. [PMID: 22405030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the second leading infectious killer with 9 million new cases in 2009. Extensive use of pathogen's lipid metabolism especially in utilizing the host lipids and virulence highlights the importance of exported lipid-catabolizing enzymes. Current study aims to emphasize the importance of Rv0183, an exported monoacylglycerol lipase, involved in metabolizing the host cell membrane lipids. Sequence analysis and homology modeling shows Rv0183 is highly conserved throughout mycobacterial species even in Mycobacterium leprae and also significantly divergent from mammalian lipases. Additionally, employing virtual screening using NCI diversity set and ZINC database with criteria of molecules with higher predicted free energy of binding toward Rv0183 than human lipase, potential inhibitors have been identified for Rv0183. A tautomer of ZINC13451138, known inhibitor for HIV-1 integrase is the best hit with difference in free energy of binding of 8.72 kcal/mol. The sequence and structure analysis were helpful in identifying the ligand binding sites and molecular function of the mycobacterial specific monoacylglycerol lipase. Rv0183 represents a suitable and promising drug target and is also a step towards understanding dormancy development and reactivation, thereby addressing pathogen's drug resistance. Experimental studies on the discovered potential inhibitors in this virtual screen should further validate the therapeutic utility of Rv0183.
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