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Ren S, Du Y, Zhang J, Zhao K, Guo Z, Wang Z. Commercial Production of Highly Rehydrated Soy Protein Powder by the Treatment of Soy Lecithin Modification Combined with Alcalase Hydrolysis. Foods 2024; 13:1800. [PMID: 38928742 PMCID: PMC11203182 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The low rehydration properties of commercial soy protein powder (SPI), a major plant-based food ingredient, have limited the development of plant-based foods. The present study proposes a treatment of soy lecithin modification combined with Alcalase hydrolysis to improve the rehydration of soy protein powder, as well as other processing properties (emulsification, viscosity). The results show that the soy protein-soy lecithin complex powder, which is hydrolyzed for 30 min (SPH-SL-30), has the smallest particle size, the smallest zeta potential, the highest surface hydrophobicity, and a uniform microstructure. In addition, the value of the ratio of the α-helical structure/β-folded structure was the smallest in the SPH-SL-30. After measuring the rehydration properties, emulsification properties, and viscosity, it was found that the SPH-SL-30 has the shortest wetting time of 3.04 min, the shortest dispersion time of 12.29 s, the highest solubility of 93.17%, the highest emulsifying activity of 32.42 m2/g, the highest emulsifying stability of 98.33 min, and the lowest viscosity of 0.98 pa.s. This indicates that the treatment of soy lecithin modification combined with Alcalase hydrolysis destroys the structure of soy protein, changes its physicochemical properties, and improves its functional properties. In this study, soy protein was modified by the treatment of soy lecithin modification combined with Alcalase hydrolysis to improve the processing characteristics of soy protein powders and to provide a theoretical basis for its high-value utilization in the plant-based food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghe Ren
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.R.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yahui Du
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.R.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.R.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Kuangyu Zhao
- Fang Zheng Comprehensive Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Fangzheng County, Harbin 150800, China;
| | - Zengwang Guo
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.R.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhongjiang Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.R.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (Z.G.)
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2
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Yang H, Gao Y, Sun S, Qu Y, Ji S, Wu R, Wu J. Formation, characterization, and antigenicity of lecithin-β-conglycinin complexes. Food Chem 2023; 407:135178. [PMID: 36525804 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid binding has been proposed to represent a functional property of many allergenic proteins. This study investigated the formation, characterization, and antigenicity of lecithin-β-conglycinin complexes. The results indicate that lecithin was combined with β-conglycinin via static quenching and primarily driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. In addition, heat treatment reduced the antigenicity of complexes, as evidenced by changes in molecular weight and secondary and tertiary structures. It revealed that large aggregates developed and more hydrophobic regions were exposed for complexes after heat treatment, as well as a decrease in the β-sheet contents and an increase in the β-turn and random coil contents. Furthermore, the average particle size of the complexes increased with increased temperature treatment, and the morphology of the complexes exhibited an amorphous polymer. These findings shedlight on the interaction between lecithin and β-conglycinin and help us understand the role of lecithin in allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yaran Gao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuyuan Sun
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yezhi Qu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuaiqi Ji
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Shenyang 110866, China.
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3
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Zhao Z, Liang X, Li Q. Oleic acid-induced structural changes of buffalo apo-α-lactalbumin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Ghanim M, Relitti N, McManus G, Butini S, Cappelli A, Campiani G, Mok KH, Kelly VP. A non-toxic, reversibly released imaging probe for oral cancer that is derived from natural compounds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14069. [PMID: 34234213 PMCID: PMC8263592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 is emerging as an important receptor biomarker for various cancers. Amongst these is oral cancer, where surgical resection remains an essential mode of treatment. Unfortunately, surgery is frequently associated with permanent disfigurement, malnutrition, and functional comorbidities due to the difficultly of tumour removal. Optical imaging agents that can guide tumour tissue identification represent an attractive approach to minimising the impact of surgery. Here, we report the synthesis of a water-soluble fluorescent probe, namely HA-FA-HEG-OE (compound 1), that comprises components originating from natural sources: oleic acid, ferulic acid and hyaluronic acid. Compound 1 was found to be non-toxic, displayed aggregation induced emission and accumulated intracellularly in vesicles in SCC-9 oral squamous cells. The uptake of 1 was fully reversible over time. Internalization of compound 1 occurs through receptor mediated endocytosis; uniquely mediated through the CD44 receptor. Uptake is related to tumorigenic potential, with non-tumorigenic, dysplastic DOK cells and poorly tumorigenic MCF-7 cells showing only low intracellular levels and highlighting the critical role of endocytosis in cancer progression and metastasis. Together, the recognised importance of CD44 as a cancer stem cell marker in oral cancer, and the reversible, non-toxic nature of 1, makes it a promising agent for real time intraoperative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Ghanim
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gavin McManus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - K H Mok
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Vincent P Kelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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5
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Hansen JS, Tran TH, Cavalera M, Paul S, Chaudhuri A, Lindkvist-Petersson K, Ho JCS, Svanborg C. Peptide-Oleate Complexes Create Novel Membrane-Bound Compartments. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:3083-3093. [PMID: 32521018 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenging question in evolutionary theory is the origin of cell division and plausible molecular mechanisms involved. Here, we made the surprising observation that complexes formed by short alpha-helical peptides and oleic acid can create multiple membrane-enclosed spaces from a single lipid vesicle. The findings suggest that such complexes may contain the molecular information necessary to initiate and sustain this process. Based on these observations, we propose a new molecular model to understand protocell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper S Hansen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Experimental Medical Science, Medical Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tuan Hiep Tran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michele Cavalera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sanchari Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arunima Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - James C S Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Catharina Svanborg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Meng X, Zeng Z, Gao J, Tong P, Wu Y, Li X, Chen H. Conformational changes in bovine α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin evoked by interaction with C18 unsaturated fatty acids provide insights into increased allergic potential. Food Funct 2020; 11:9240-9251. [PMID: 33034612 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine α-lactalbumin (BLA) and β-lactoglobulin (BLG) are the most common and severe food allergens in milk and they can bind C18 unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and their bioactivities were changed. This study aims to determine the effects of C18 UFAs on the structures of BLA and BLG and their allergic properties, such as antigenicity and allergenicity. We reveal that C18 UFAs can efficiently promote the gradual unfolding of the structures of BLA and BLG and increase their hydrophobicity. Moreover, the IgG binding ability and the expression of IgG-dependent activation marker CD200R3 on basophils were remarkably promoted after C18 UFA treatment. Finally, we also observed that C18 UFAs can enhance the IgE binding ability and the degranulation capacity of human basophil KU812 cells (intracellular Ca2+, histamine, β-Hex, and IL-6). Collectively, these results suggested that C18 UFAs changed the structures of BLA and BLG, which contributed to their increased allergic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. and Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zheling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. and School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. and Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. and School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China. and Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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7
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α-Lactalbumin, Amazing Calcium-Binding Protein. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091210. [PMID: 32825311 PMCID: PMC7565966 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) is a small (Mr 14,200), acidic (pI 4–5), Ca2+-binding protein. α-LA is a regulatory component of lactose synthase enzyme system functioning in the lactating mammary gland. The protein possesses a single strong Ca2+-binding site, which can also bind Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+, K+, and some other metal cations. It contains several distinct Zn2+-binding sites. Physical properties of α-LA strongly depend on the occupation of its metal binding sites by metal ions. In the absence of bound metal ions, α-LA is in the molten globule-like state. The binding of metal ions, and especially of Ca2+, increases stability of α-LA against the action of heat, various denaturing agents and proteases, while the binding of Zn2+ to the Ca2+-loaded protein decreases its stability and causes its aggregation. At pH 2, the protein is in the classical molten globule state. α-LA can associate with membranes at neutral or slightly acidic pH at physiological temperatures. Depending on external conditions, α-LA can form amyloid fibrils, amorphous aggregates, nanoparticles, and nanotubes. Some of these aggregated states of α-LA can be used in practical applications such as drug delivery to tissues and organs. α-LA and some of its fragments possess bactericidal and antiviral activities. Complexes of partially unfolded α-LA with oleic acid are cytotoxic to various tumor and bacterial cells. α-LA in the cytotoxic complexes plays a role of a delivery carrier of cytotoxic fatty acid molecules into tumor and bacterial cells across the cell membrane. Perhaps in the future the complexes of α-LA with oleic acid will be used for development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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8
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Pedersen JN, Frislev HKS, Pedersen JS, Otzen D. Structures and mechanisms of formation of liprotides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140505. [PMID: 32721568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins form complexes called liprotides with oleic acid and other cis-fatty acids under conditions where the protein is partially unfolded. The complexes vary in structure depending on the ratio of protein and lipid, but the most common structural organization is the core-shell structure, in which a layer of dynamic, partially unfolded and extended proteins surrounds a micelle-like fatty acid core. This structure, first reported for α-lactalbumin together with OA, resembles complexes formed between proteins and anionic surfactants like SDS. Liprotides first rose to fame through their anti-carcinogenic properties which still remains promising for topical applications though not yet implemented in the clinic. In addition, liprotides show potential in drug delivery thanks to the ability of the micelle core to solubilize and stabilize hydrophobic compounds, though applications are challenged by their sensitivity to acidic pH and dynamic exchange of lipids which makes them easy prey for serum "hoovers" such as albumin. However, liprotides are also of fundamental interest as a generic "protein complex structure", demonstrating the many and varied structural consequences of protein-lipid interactions. Here we provide an overview of the different types of liprotide complexes, ranging from quasi-native complexes via core-shell structures to multi-layer structures, and discuss the many conditions under which they form. Given the many variable types of complexes that can form, rigorous biophysical analysis (stoichiometry, shape and structure of the complexes) remains crucial for a complete understanding of the mechanisms of action of this fascinating group of protein-lipid complexes both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henriette Kristina Søster Frislev
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Novo Nordisk, Hallas Alle 1, DK-4400 Kalundborg, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Gonzalez-Paredes A, Torres D, Alonso MJ. Polyarginine nanocapsules: A versatile nanocarrier with potential in transmucosal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:474-485. [PMID: 28684364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the potential utility of nanocapsules composed of an oily core decorated with a single polyarginine (PARG), or double PARG/polyacrylic acid (PAA) layer as oral peptide delivery carrier. A step-by-step formulation optimization process was designed, which involved the study of the influence of the surfactants, oils and polymer shells (PARG of different molecular weight and PAA) on the nanocapsules physicochemical properties, peptide loading efficiency, stability in simulated intestinal fluids (SIF) and capacity to enhance the permeability of the intestinal epithelium. Despite the lipophilic nature of the nanocapsules, it was possible to achieve a moderate loading of the hydrophilic model peptide salmon calcitonin and control its release in SIF, by adjusting the formulation conditions. Finally, studies in the Caco-2 epithelial cell line showed the capacity of the nanocapsules to reduce the transepithelial electric resistance of the monolayer, without compromising their viability. Overall, these properties suggest the capacity of polyarginine nanocapsules for enhancing the transport of peptides across epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gonzalez-Paredes
- Dept. Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dolores Torres
- Dept. Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- Dept. Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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10
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Huang Y, Boamah PO, Gong J, Zhang Q, Hua M, Ye Y. Gd (III) complex conjugate of low-molecular-weight chitosan as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance/fluorescence dual-modal imaging. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 143:288-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kim KH, Yun S, Mok KH, Lee EK. Thermodynamic analysis of ANS binding to partially unfolded α-lactalbumin: correlation of endothermic to exothermic changeover with formation of authentic molten globules. J Mol Recognit 2016; 29:446-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyung Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering; Hanyang University - ERICA; Ansan Korea
| | - Soi Yun
- Department of Bionano Engineering; Hanyang University - ERICA; Ansan Korea
| | - K. H. Mok
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI); School of Immunology and Biochemistry; Dublin 2 Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN); Trinity College, The University of Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - E. K. Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering; Hanyang University - ERICA; Ansan Korea
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12
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Nsonzi F, Gomaa AI, Sedman J, Ismail AA. Effect of temperature on the structure and cytotoxicity effect of α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complexes against the L1210 cell line. FOOD STRUCTURE-NETHERLANDS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Park YJ, Kim KH, Lim DW, Lee E. Effects of pH and protein conformation on in-solution complexation between bovine α-lactalbumin and oleic acid: Binding trend analysis by using SPR and ITC. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Wen H, Strømland Ø, Halskau Ø. α-Lactalbumin:Oleic Acid Complex Spontaneously Delivers Oleic Acid to Artificial and Erythrocyte Membranes. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3177-87. [PMID: 26297199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) is a tumoricidal complex consisting of human α-lactalbumin and multiple oleic acids (OAs). OA has been shown to play a key role in the activity of HAMLET and its related complexes, generally known as protein-fatty acid (PFA) complexes. In contrast to what is known about the fate of the protein component of such complexes, information about what happens to OA during their action is still lacking. We monitored the membrane, OA and protein components of bovine α-lactalbumin complexed with OA (BLAOA; a HAMLET-like substance) and how they associate with each other. Using ultracentrifugation, we found that the OA and lipid components follow each other closely. We then firmly identify a transfer of OA from BLAOA to both artificial and erythrocyte membranes, indicating that natural cells respond similarly to BLAOA treatment as artificial membranes. Uncomplexed OA is unable to similarly affect membranes at the conditions tested, even at elevated concentrations. Thus, BLAOA can spontaneously transfer OA to a lipid membrane. After the interaction with the membrane, the protein is likely to have lost most or all of its OA. We suggest a mechanism for passive import of mainly uncomplexed protein into cells, using existing models for OA's effect on membranes. Our results are consistent with a membrane destabilization mediated predominantly by OA insertion being a significant contribution to PFA cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhen Wen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens Gate 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Strømland
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens Gate 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Halskau
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens Gate 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway.
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15
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Sikdar S, Chakrabarti J, Ghosh M. A microscopic insight from conformational thermodynamics to functional ligand binding in proteins. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 10:3280-9. [PMID: 25310453 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00434e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We show that the thermodynamics of metal ion-induced conformational changes aid to understand the functions of protein complexes. This is illustrated in the case of a metalloprotein, alpha-lactalbumin (aLA), a divalent metal ion binding protein. We use the histograms of dihedral angles of the protein, generated from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, to calculate conformational thermodynamics. The thermodynamically destabilized and disordered residues in different conformational states of a protein are proposed to serve as binding sites for ligands. This is tested for β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (β4GalT) binding to the Ca(2+)-aLA complex, in which the binding residues are known. Among the binding residues, the C-terminal residues like aspartate (D) 116, glutamine (Q) 117, tryptophan (W) 118 and leucine (L) 119 are destabilized and disordered and can dock β4GalT onto Ca(2+)-aLA. No such thermodynamically favourable binding residues can be identified in the case of the Mg(2+)-aLA complex. We apply similar analysis to oleic acid binding and predict that the Ca(2+)-aLA complex can bind to oleic acid through the basic histidine (H) 32 of the A2 helix and the hydrophobic residues, namely, isoleucine (I) 59, W60 and I95, of the interfacial cleft. However, the number of destabilized and disordered residues in Mg(2+)-aLA are few, and hence, the oleic acid binding to Mg(2+)-bound aLA is less stable than that to the Ca(2+)-aLA complex. Our analysis can be generalized to understand the functionality of other ligand bound proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samapan Sikdar
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India.
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16
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Hoque M, Nanduri R, Gupta J, Mahajan S, Gupta P, Saleemuddin M. Oleic acid complex of bovine α-lactalbumin induces eryptosis in human and other erythrocytes by a Ca(2+)-independent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1729-39. [PMID: 25913522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complexes of oleic acid (OA) with milk α-lactalbumin, received remarkable attention in view of their selective toxicity towards a spectrum of tumors during the last two decades. OA complexes of some structurally related/unrelated proteins are also tumoricidal. Erythrocytes are among the few differentiated cells that are sensitive and undergo hemolysis when exposed to the complexes. METHODS The effects of OA complex of bovine α-lactalbumin (Bovine Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells, BAMLET) on human, goat and chicken erythrocytes on calcein leakage, phosphatidylserine exposure, morphological changes and hemolysis were studied by confocal microscopy, FACS analysis, scanning electron microscopy and measuring hemoglobin release. RESULTS Erythrocytes exposed to BAMLET undergo eryptosis-like alterations as revealed by calcein leakage, surface phosphatidylserine exposure and transformation to echinocytes at low concentrations and hemolysis when the concentration of the complex was raised. Ca(2+) was not essential and restricted the alterations when included in the medium. The BAMLET-induced alterations in human erythrocytes were prevented by the cation channel inhibitors, amiloride and BaCl2 but not by inhibitors of thiol proteases, sphingomyelinase and by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. CONCLUSIONS The work shows for the first time that low concentrations of BAMLET induces eryptosis in erythrocytes by a novel mechanism not requiring Ca(2+) and hemolysis by detergent-like action by the released OA at higher concentrations. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study points out to the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity of OA complexes of α-lactalbumin and other proteins towards erythrocytes and other differentiated cells before being considered for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Hoque
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | | - Jyoti Gupta
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - M Saleemuddin
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Formation of cytotoxic α-lactalbumin / sodium oleate complexes: Concentration and temperature effects. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Gastric digestion of α-lactalbumin in adult human subjects using capsule endoscopy and nasogastric tube sampling. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:638-46. [PMID: 24967992 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, structural changes in the milk protein α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and its proteolysis were investigated for the potential formation of protein-fatty acid complexes during in vivo gastric digestion. Capsule endoscopy allowed visualisation of the digestion of the test drinks, with nasogastric tubes allowing sampling of the gastric contents. A total of ten healthy volunteers had nasogastric tubes inserted into the stomach and ingested test drinks containing 50 g/l of sucrose and 25 g/l of α-LA with and without 4 g/l of oleic acid (OA). The samples of gastric contents were collected for analysis at 3 min intervals. The results revealed a rapid decrease in the pH of the stomach of the subjects. The fasting pH of 2·31 (SD 1·19) increased to a pH maxima of pH 6·54 (SD 0·29) after ingestion, with a subsequent decrease to pH 2·22 (SD 1·91) after 21 min (n 8). Fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy revealed partial protein unfolding, coinciding with the decrease in pH below the isoelectric point of α-LA. The activity of pepsin in the fasting state was found to be 39 (SD 12) units/ml of gastric juice. Rapid digestion of the protein occurred: after 15 min, no native protein was detected using SDS-PAGE; HPLC revealed the presence of small amounts of native protein after 24 min of gastric digestion. Mirocam® capsule endoscopy imaging and video clips (see the online supplementary material) revealed that gastric peristalsis resulted in a heterogeneous mixture during gastric digestion. Unfolding of α-LA was observed during gastric transit; however, there was no evidence of a cytotoxic complex being formed between α-LA and OA.
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19
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Kumar R, Jain S, Kumari B, Kumar M. Protein sub-nuclear localization prediction using SVM and Pfam domain information. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98345. [PMID: 24897370 PMCID: PMC4045734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus is the largest and the highly organized organelle of eukaryotic cells. Within nucleus exist a number of pseudo-compartments, which are not separated by any membrane, yet each of them contains only a specific set of proteins. Understanding protein sub-nuclear localization can hence be an important step towards understanding biological functions of the nucleus. Here we have described a method, SubNucPred developed by us for predicting the sub-nuclear localization of proteins. This method predicts protein localization for 10 different sub-nuclear locations sequentially by combining presence or absence of unique Pfam domain and amino acid composition based SVM model. The prediction accuracy during leave-one-out cross-validation for centromeric proteins was 85.05%, for chromosomal proteins 76.85%, for nuclear speckle proteins 81.27%, for nucleolar proteins 81.79%, for nuclear envelope proteins 79.37%, for nuclear matrix proteins 77.78%, for nucleoplasm proteins 76.98%, for nuclear pore complex proteins 88.89%, for PML body proteins 75.40% and for telomeric proteins it was 83.33%. Comparison with other reported methods showed that SubNucPred performs better than existing methods. A web-server for predicting protein sub-nuclear localization named SubNucPred has been established at http://14.139.227.92/mkumar/subnucpred/. Standalone version of SubNucPred can also be downloaded from the web-server.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sohni Jain
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Bandana Kumari
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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20
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Fang B, Zhang M, Tian M, Jiang L, Guo HY, Ren FZ. Bovine lactoferrin binds oleic acid to form an anti-tumor complex similar to HAMLET. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:535-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Cytotoxicity of bovine α-lactalbumin: Oleic acid complexes correlates with the disruption of lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2691-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Nemashkalova EL, Kazakov AS, Khasanova LM, Permyakov EA, Permyakov SE. Structural characterization of more potent alternatives to HAMLET, a tumoricidal complex of α-lactalbumin and oleic acid. Biochemistry 2013; 52:6286-99. [PMID: 23947814 DOI: 10.1021/bi400643s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HAMLET is a complex of human α-lactalbumin (hLA) with oleic acid (OA) that kills various tumor cells and strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. More potent protein-OA complexes were previously reported for bovine α-lactalbumin (bLA) and β-lactoglobulin (bLG), and pike parvalbumin (pPA), and here we explore their structural features. The concentration dependencies of the tryptophan fluorescence of hLA, bLA, and bLG complexes with OA reveal their disintegration at protein concentrations below the micromolar level. Chemical cross-linking experiments provide evidence that association with OA shifts the distribution of oligomeric forms of hLA, bLA, bLG, and pPA toward higher-order oligomers. This effect is confirmed for bLA and bLG using the dynamic light scattering method, while pPA is shown to associate with OA vesicles. Like hLA binding, OA binding increases the affinity of bLG for small unilamellar dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, while pPA efficiently binds to the vesicles irrespective of OA binding. The association of OA with bLG and pPA increases their α-helix and cross-β-sheet content and resistance to enzymatic proteolysis, which is indicative of OA-induced protein structuring. The lack of excess heat sorption during melting of bLG and pPA in complex with OA and the presence of a cooperative thermal transition at the level of their secondary structure suggest that the OA-bound forms of bLG and pPA lack a fixed tertiary structure but exhibit a continuous thermal transition. Overall, despite marked differences, the HAMLET-like complexes that were studied exhibit a common feature: a tendency toward protein oligomerization. Because OA-induced oligomerization has been reported for other proteins, this phenomenon is inherent to many proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina L Nemashkalova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
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The biological activities of protein/oleic acid complexes reside in the fatty acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1125-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Brinkmann CR, Thiel S, Otzen DE. Protein-fatty acid complexes: biochemistry, biophysics and function. FEBS J 2013; 280:1733-49. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aarhus University; Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Centre for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Denmark
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