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Zuo J, Zheng W, Shi N, Song R, Han F, Yang C, Li J, Peng C, Li B, Chen Y. Study on the Thermal Stability of the Sweet-Tasting Protein Brazzein Based on Its Structure-Sweetness Relationship. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7374-7382. [PMID: 38526016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Brazzein (Brz) is a sweet-tasting protein composed of 54 amino acids and is considered as a potential sugar substitute. The current methods for obtaining brazzein are complicated, and limited information is available regarding its thermal stability. In this study, we successfully expressed recombinant brazzein, achieving a sweetness threshold of 15.2 μg/mL. Subsequently, we conducted heat treatments at temperatures of 80, 90, 95, and 100 °C for a duration of 2 h to investigate the structural changes in the protein. Furthermore, we employed hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to analyze the effect of heating on the protein structure-sweetness relationships. Our results indicated that the thermal inactivation process primarily affects residues 6-14 and 36-45 of brazzein, especially key residues Tyr8, Tyr11, Ser14, Glu36, and Arg43, which are closely associated with its sweetness. These findings have significant implications for improving the thermal stability of brazzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Zuo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nian Shi
- Xianning Vocational Technical College, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Rong Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
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The novel anti-cancer feature of Brazzein through activating of hTLR5 by integration of biological evaluation: molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21979. [PMID: 36539522 PMCID: PMC9768156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of plant proteins exhibit the properties similar to the antitumor proteins although the anticancer activity of Brazzein on modulating the autophagy signaling pathway has not been determined so far. The present study aimed to develop a simplified system to enable the rational design of the activating extracellular domain of human Toll-like receptor 5 (hTLR5). To identify the anticancer effect of Brazzein, HADDOCK program and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were applied to examine the binding of the wild type (WT) and p.A19K mutant of Brazzein to the TLR5. The expression of MAP1S and TNF-α genes was estimated based on real-time PCR. The results clearly confirmed that the WT of Brazzein activated hTLR5 in the MCF-7 cell line since the genes were more and significantly less expressed in the cells treated with the WT and p.A19K mutant than the control, respectively. The snapshots of MD simulation exhibit the consistent close interactions of hTLR5 with the two helices of Brazzein on its lateral side. The results of per residue-free energy decomposition analysis substantiate those of intermolecular contact analysis perfectly one. We propose that the WT of Brazzein can act as an antitumor drug candidate.
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Lu R, Li X, Hu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Jin L. Expression of a triple mutational des-pGlu brazzein in transgenic mouse milk. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1336-1343. [PMID: 35417094 PMCID: PMC9249319 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazzein has excellent potential for use as a sweetener because of its high level of sweetening potency and stability against extreme temperature and pH. It is extracted from the tropical and difficult—to‐cultivate African plant Pentadiplandra brazzeana, which hampers its commercial viability. Here we report the mammary‐specific expression of wildtype or triple mutational (H31R/E36D/E41A) des‐pGlu brazzeins in the milk of transgenic mice. Using enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA), western blot, and sweetness intensity testing, we confirmed that the triple mutation made the des‐pGlu brazzein molecule 10,000 times sweeter than sucrose in a weight base, even after 10 min of incubation at 100 °C; in addition, the triple mutant was also significantly sweeter than the wildtype des‐pGlu brazzein. This study provides new insights for producing brazzein or brazzein‐sweetened milk from animals for use in food and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lu
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yancui Wang
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Jin
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
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Masuda T, Kigo S, Mitsumoto M, Ohta K, Suzuki M, Mikami B, Kitabatake N, Tani F. Positive Charges on the Surface of Thaumatin Are Crucial for the Multi-Point Interaction with the Sweet Receptor. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:10. [PMID: 29487853 PMCID: PMC5816810 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thaumatin, an intensely sweet-tasting protein, elicits sweet taste with a threshold of only 50 nM. Previous studies from our laboratory suggested that the complex model between the T1R2-T1R3 sweet receptor and thaumatin depends critically on the complementarity of electrostatic potentials. In order to further validate this model, we focused on three lysine residues (Lys78, Lys106, and Lys137), which were expected to be part of the interaction sites. Three thaumatin mutants (K78A, K106A, and K137A) were prepared and their threshold values of sweetness were examined. The results showed that the sweetness of K106A was reduced by about three times and those of K78A and K137A were reduced by about five times when compared to wild-type thaumatin. The three-dimensional structures of these mutants were also determined by X-ray crystallographic analyses at atomic resolutions. The overall structures of mutant proteins were similar to that of wild-type but the electrostatic potentials around the mutated sites became more negative. Since the three lysine residues are located in 20-40 Å apart each other on the surface of thaumatin molecule, these results suggest the positive charges on the surface of thaumatin play a crucial role in the interaction with the sweet receptor, and are consistent with a large surface is required for interaction with the sweet receptor, as proposed by the multipoint interaction model named wedge model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Masuda
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Satomi Kigo
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Mayuko Mitsumoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Mamoru Suzuki
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Crystallography, Research Center for State-of-the-Art Functional Protein Analysis, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kitabatake
- Department of Foods and Human Nutrition, Notre Dame Seishin University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
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Ghanavatian P, Khalifeh K, Jafarian V. Structural features and activity of Brazzein and its mutants upon substitution of a surfaced exposed alanine. Biochimie 2016; 131:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lee W, Cornilescu G, Dashti H, Eghbalnia HR, Tonelli M, Westler WM, Butcher SE, Henzler-Wildman KA, Markley JL. Integrative NMR for biomolecular research. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2016; 64:307-32. [PMID: 27023095 PMCID: PMC4861749 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-016-0029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for determining structural and functional features of biomolecules in physiological solution as well as for observing their intermolecular interactions in real-time. However, complex steps associated with its practice have made the approach daunting for non-specialists. We introduce an NMR platform that makes biomolecular NMR spectroscopy much more accessible by integrating tools, databases, web services, and video tutorials that can be launched by simple installation of NMRFAM software packages or using a cross-platform virtual machine that can be run on any standard laptop or desktop computer. The software package can be downloaded freely from the NMRFAM software download page ( http://pine.nmrfam.wisc.edu/download_packages.html ), and detailed instructions are available from the Integrative NMR Video Tutorial page ( http://pine.nmrfam.wisc.edu/integrative.html ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonghee Lee
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison and Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Gabriel Cornilescu
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison and Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Hesam Dashti
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison and Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Hamid R Eghbalnia
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison and Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Marco Tonelli
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison and Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - William M Westler
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison and Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Samuel E Butcher
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison and Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Katherine A Henzler-Wildman
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison and Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John L Markley
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison and Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Singarapu KK, Tonelli M, Markley JL, Assadi-Porter FM. Structure-function relationships of brazzein variants with altered interactions with the human sweet taste receptor. Protein Sci 2016; 25:711-9. [PMID: 26701738 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Brazzein (Brz) is a small (54 amino acid residue) sweet tasting protein with physical and taste properties superior to other non-carbohydrate sweeteners. In an investigation of sequence-dependent functional properties of the protein, we used NMR spectroscopy to determine the three-dimensional structures and dynamic properties of two Brz variants: one with a single-site substitution (D40K), which is three-fold sweeter than wild-type Brz, and one with a two-residue insertion between residues 18 and 19 (ins18 RI19 ), which is devoid of sweetness. Although the three-dimensional folds of the two variants were very similar to wild-type Brz, they exhibited local conformational and dynamic differences. The D40K substitution abolished the strong inter-stand H-bond between the side chains of residues Gln46 and Asp40 present in wild-type Brz and increased the flexibility of the protein especially at the mutation site. This increased flexibility presumably allows this site to interact more strongly with the G-protein coupled human sweet receptor. On the other hand, the Arg-Ile insertion within Loop9-19 leads to distortion of this loop and stiffening of the adjacent site whose flexibility appears to be required for productive interaction with the sweet receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran K Singarapu
- Center for NMR And Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Marco Tonelli
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - John L Markley
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Fariba M Assadi-Porter
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706.,Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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Jafari SS, Jafarian V, Khalifeh K, Ghanavatian P, Shirdel SA. The effect of charge alteration and flexibility on the function and structural stability of sweet-tasting brazzein. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12626j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the structural and functional roles of Glu9 located at the first loop of sweet-tasting brazzein, two different mutants (E9K and E9G) of the minor form of brazzein were designed and constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shahrbanoo Jafari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
| | - Vahab Jafarian
- Laboratory of Biochemistry
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
| | - Khosrow Khalifeh
- Laboratory of Biophysics
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
| | - Parisa Ghanavatian
- Laboratory of Biochemistry
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
| | - S. Akram Shirdel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
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Dashti H, Lee W, Tonelli M, Cornilescu CC, Cornilescu G, Assadi-Porter FM, Westler WM, Eghbalnia HR, Markley JL. NMRFAM-SDF: a protein structure determination framework. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2015; 62:481-95. [PMID: 25900069 PMCID: PMC4569665 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-015-9933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The computationally demanding nature of automated NMR structure determination necessitates a delicate balancing of factors that include the time complexity of data collection, the computational complexity of chemical shift assignments, and selection of proper optimization steps. During the past two decades the computational and algorithmic aspects of several discrete steps of the process have been addressed. Although no single comprehensive solution has emerged, the incorporation of a validation protocol has gained recognition as a necessary step for a robust automated approach. The need for validation becomes even more pronounced in cases of proteins with higher structural complexity, where potentially larger errors generated at each step can propagate and accumulate in the process of structure calculation, thereby significantly degrading the efficacy of any software framework. This paper introduces a complete framework for protein structure determination with NMR--from data acquisition to the structure determination. The aim is twofold: to simplify the structure determination process for non-NMR experts whenever feasible, while maintaining flexibility by providing a set of modules that validate each step, and to enable the assessment of error propagations. This framework, called NMRFAM-SDF (NMRFAM-Structure Determination Framework), and its various components are available for download from the NMRFAM website (http://nmrfam.wisc.edu/software.htm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Dashti
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Woonghee Lee
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marco Tonelli
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Claudia C Cornilescu
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gabriel Cornilescu
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fariba M Assadi-Porter
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William M Westler
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hamid R Eghbalnia
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John L Markley
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, USA.
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Kövér KE, Batta G. NMR investigation of disulfide containing peptides and proteins. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS 2013:37-59. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737081-00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins with disulfide bonds are abundant in all kingdoms and play essential role in many biological events. Because small disulfide-rich peptides (proteins) are usually difficult to crystallize, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is by far one of the most powerful techniques for the determination of their solution structure. Besides the “static” three-dimensional structure, NMR has unique opportunities to acquire additional information about molecular dynamics and folding at atomic resolution. Nowadays it is becoming increasingly evident, that “excited”, “disordered” or “fuzzy” protein states may exhibit biological function and disulfide proteins are also promising targets for such studies. In this short two-three years overview those disulfide peptides and proteins were cited from the literature that were studied by NMR. Though we may have missed some, their structural diversity and complexity as well as their wide repertoire of biological functions is impressive. We emphasised especially antimicrobial peptides and peptide based toxins in addition to some biologically important other structures. Besides the general NMR methods we reviewed some contemporary techniques suitable for disclosing the peculiar properties of disulfide bonds. Interesting dynamics and folding studies of disulfide proteins were also mentioned. It is important to disclose the essential structure, dynamics, function aspects of disulfide proteins since this aids the design of new compounds with improved activity and reduced toxicity. Undoubtedly, NMR has the potential to accelerate the development of new disulfide peptides/proteins with pharmacological activity.
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