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Wei PW, Wang X, Wang C, Chen M, Liu MZ, Liu WX, He YL, Xu GB, Zheng XH, Zhang H, Liu HM, Wang B. Ginkgo biloba L. exocarp petroleum ether extract inhibits methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by modulating ion transport, virulence, and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:117957. [PMID: 38493904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As reported in the Ancient Chinese Medicinal Books, Ginkgo biloba L. fruit has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment asthma and cough or as a disinfectant. Our previous study demonstrated that G. biloba exocarp extract (GBEE), an extract of a traditional Chinese herb, inhibits the formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms. However, GBEE is a crude extract that contains many components, and the underlying mechanisms of purified GBEE fractions extracted with solvents of different polarities are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the different components in GBEE fractions extracted with solvents of different polarities and their antibacterial effects and mechanisms against MRSA and Staphylococcus haemolyticus biofilms both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The components in different fractions were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). Microbroth dilution assays and time growth curves were used to determine the antibacterial effects of the fractions on 15 clinical bacterial isolates. Crystal violet staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to identify the fractions that affected bacterial biofilm formation. The potential MRSA targets of the GBEE fraction obtained with petroleum ether (PE), denoted GBEE-PE, were screened by transcriptome sequencing, and the gene expression profile was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS HPLC-HRMS analysis revealed that the four GBEE fractions (extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) contained different ginkgo components, and the antibacterial effects decreased as the polarity of the extraction solvent increased. The antibacterial activity of GBEE-PE was greater than that of the GBEE fraction extracted with ethyl acetate (EA). GBEE-PE improved H. illucens survival and reduced MRSA colonization in model mouse organs. Crystal violet staining and SEM and TEM analyses revealed that GBEE-PE inhibited MRSA and S. haemolyticus biofilm formation. Transcriptional analysis revealed that GBEE-PE inhibits MRSA biofilms by altering ion transport, cell wall metabolism and virulence-related gene expression. In addition, the LO2 cell viability and H. illucens toxicity assay data showed that GBEE-PE at 20 mg/kg was nontoxic. CONCLUSION The GBEE fractions contained different components, and their antibacterial effects decreased with increases in the polarity of the extraction solvent. GBEE-PE limited MRSA growth and biofilm formation by affecting ion transport, cell wall synthesis, and virulence-related pathways. This research provides a more detailed overview of the mechanism by which GBEE-PE inhibits MRSA both in vitro and in vivo and suggests that GBEE-PE is a new prospective antimicrobial with the potential to be used in MRSA therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Health Medicine Biotechnology of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (Modern Industry College of Health Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Health Medicine Biotechnology of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (Modern Industry College of Health Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China
| | - Cong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formulation (R&D) Department, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Health Medicine Biotechnology of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (Modern Industry College of Health Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Health Medicine Biotechnology of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (Modern Industry College of Health Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen-Xia Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Health Medicine Biotechnology of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (Modern Industry College of Health Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling He
- Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, 561113, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiao-He Zheng
- Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Health Medicine Biotechnology of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (Modern Industry College of Health Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Health Medicine Biotechnology of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (Modern Industry College of Health Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China.
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Yang D, Wang S, Sun E, Chen Y, Hua L, Wang X, Zhou R, Chen H, Peng Z, Wu B. A temperate Siphoviridae bacteriophage isolate from Siberian tiger enhances the virulence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus through distinct mechanisms. Virulence 2022; 13:137-148. [PMID: 34986751 PMCID: PMC8741283 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2022276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and worldwide spread of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pose a threat to human health. While bacteriophages are recognized as an effective alternative to treat infections caused by drug resistant pathogens, some bacteriophages in particular the temperate bacteriophage may also influence the virulence of the host bacteria in distinct ways. In this study, we isolated a bacteriophage vB_Saus_PHB21 from an epidermal sample of Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) using an MRSA strain SA14 as the indicator. Our following laboratory tests and whole genome sequencing analyses revealed that vB_Saus_PHB21 was a temperate bacteriophage belonging to the Siphoviridae family, and this bacteriophage did not contain any virulence genes. However, the integration of PHB21 genome into the host MRSA increased the bacterial capacities of cell adhesion, anti-phagocytosis, and biofilm formation. Challenge of the lysogenic strain (SA14+) caused severe mortalities in both Galleria mellonella and mouse models. Mice challenged with SA14+ showed more serious organ lesions and produced higher inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IFN-γ and TNF-α) compared to those challenged with SA14. In mechanism, we found the integration of PHB21 genome caused the upregulated expression of many genes encoding products involved in bacterial biofilm formation, adherence to host cells, anti-phagocytosis, and virulence. This study may provide novel knowledge of “bacteria-phage-interactions” in MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Science and Technology International Research Center for Animal Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Science and Technology International Research Center for Animal Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Erchao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Science and Technology International Research Center for Animal Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Science and Technology International Research Center for Animal Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Science and Technology International Research Center for Animal Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Science and Technology International Research Center for Animal Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Science and Technology International Research Center for Animal Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Science and Technology International Research Center for Animal Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Science and Technology International Research Center for Animal Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Science and Technology International Research Center for Animal Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Yang CS, Huang WC, Ko TP, Wang YC, Wang AHJ, Chen Y. Crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of TagH reveals a potential drug targeting site. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 536:1-6. [PMID: 33360015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are synthesized intracellularly and exported by a two-component transporter, TagGH, comprising the transmembrane and ATPase subunits TagG and TagH. Here the dimeric structure of the N-terminal domain of TagH (TagH-N) was solved by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction using a selenomethionine-containing crystal, which shows an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) architecture with RecA-like and helical subdomains. Besides significant structural differences from other ABC transporters, a prominent patch of positively charged surface is seen in the center of the TagH-N dimer, suggesting a potential binding site for the glycerol phosphate chain of WTA. The ATPase activity of TagH-N was inhibited by clodronate, a bisphosphonate, in a non-competitive manner, consistent with the proposed WTA-binding site for drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shin Yang
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Drug Development Center, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Wang
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H-J Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan; Drug Development Center, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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