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McNeill SM, Zhao P. The roles of RGS proteins in cardiometabolic disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2319-2337. [PMID: 36964984 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most prominent receptors on the surface of the cell and play a central role in the regulation of cardiac and metabolic functions. GPCRs transmit extracellular stimuli to the interior of the cells by activating one or more heterotrimeric G proteins. The duration and intensity of G protein-mediated signalling are tightly controlled by a large array of intracellular mediators, including the regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) proteins. RGS proteins selectively promote the GTPase activity of a subset of Gα subunits, thus serving as negative regulators in a pathway-dependent manner. In the current review, we summarise the involvement of RGS proteins in cardiometabolic function with a focus on their tissue distribution, mechanisms of action and dysregulation under various disease conditions. We also discuss the potential therapeutic applications for targeting RGS proteins in treating cardiometabolic conditions and current progress in developing RGS modulators. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M McNeill
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (CCeMMP), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Xue W, He W, Yan M, Zhao H, Pi J. Exploring Shared Biomarkers of Myocardial Infarction and Alzheimer's Disease via Single-Cell/Nucleus Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:705-723. [PMID: 37840493 PMCID: PMC10657707 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients are at increased risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), after myocardial infarction (MI), but the biological link between MI and AD is unclear. OBJECTIVE To understand the association between the pathogenesis of MI and AD and identify common biomarkers of both diseases. METHODS Using public databases, we identified common biomarkers of MI and AD. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were performed to further screen hub biomarkers. Functional enrichment analyses were performed on the hub biomarkers. Single-cell/nucleus analysis was utilized to further analyze the hub biomarkers at the cellular level in carotid atherosclerosis and AD datasets. Motif enrichment analysis was used to screen key transcription factors. RESULTS 26 common differentially expressed genes were screened between MI and AD. Function enrichment analyses showed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with inflammatory pathways. A key gene, Regulator of G-protein Signaling 1 (RGS1), was obtained by LASSO regression and PPI network. RGS1 was confirmed to mainly express in macrophages and microglia according to single-cell/nucleus analysis. The difference in expression of RGS1 in macrophages and microglia between disease groups and controls was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The expression of RGS1 in the disease groups was upregulated with the differentiation of macrophages and microglia. RelA was a key transcription factor regulating RGS1. CONCLUSION Macrophages and microglia are involved in the inflammatory response of MI and AD. RGS1 may be a key biomarker in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Xue
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyuan Yan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanyi Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbin Pi
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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Andrzejczyk J, Jovic K, Brown LM, Pascetta VG, Varga K, Vashisth H. Molecular interactions and inhibition of the SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease by a thiadiazolidinone derivative. Proteins 2022; 90:1896-1907. [PMID: 35567429 PMCID: PMC9347825 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report molecular interactions and inhibition of the main protease (MPro) of SARS‐CoV‐2, a key enzyme involved in the viral life cycle. By using a thiadiazolidinone (TDZD) derivative as a chemical probe, we explore the conformational dynamics of MPro via docking protocols and molecular dynamics simulations in all‐atom detail. We reveal the local and global dynamics of MPro in the presence of this inhibitor and confirm the inhibition of the enzyme with an IC50 value of 1.39 ± 0.22 μM, which is comparable to other known inhibitors of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Andrzejczyk
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Katarina Jovic
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Services University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Logan M. Brown
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Services University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Valerie G. Pascetta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Services University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Krisztina Varga
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Services University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
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Liu Y, Vashisth H. Allosteric Pathways Originating at Cysteine Residues in Regulators of G-Protein Signaling Proteins. Biophys J 2020; 120:517-526. [PMID: 33347886 PMCID: PMC7895990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins play a central role in modulating signaling via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Specifically, RGS proteins bind to activated Gα subunits in G-proteins, accelerate the GTP hydrolysis, and thereby rapidly dampen GPCR signaling. Therefore, covalent molecules targeting conserved cysteine residues among RGS proteins have emerged as potential candidates to inhibit the RGS/Gα protein-protein interaction and enhance GPCR signaling. Although these inhibitors bind to conserved cysteine residues among RGS proteins, we have previously suggested [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018;140:3454–3460] that their potencies and specificities are related to differential protein dynamics among RGS proteins. Using data from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal these differences in dynamics of RGS proteins by partitioning the protein structural space into a network of communities that allow allosteric signals to propagate along unique pathways originating at inhibitor binding sites and terminating at the RGS/Gα protein-protein interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire.
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Xu FL, Yao J, Wu X, Xia X, Xing JX, Xuan JF, Liu YP, Wang BJ. Association Analysis Between SNPs in the Promoter Region of RGS4 and Schizophrenia in the Northern Chinese Han Population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:985-992. [PMID: 32346293 PMCID: PMC7169994 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s250282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal RGS4 gene expression may cause neurotransmitter disorders, resulting in schizophrenia. The association between RGS4 and the risk of schizophrenia is controversial, and there has been little research on the SNPs in the promoter region of RGS4. PURPOSE The present study was performed to detect the association between SNPs in the promoter region of the RGS4 gene and the risk of schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the 1757-bp fragment (-1119-+600, TSS+1) of RGS4 was amplified and sequenced in 198 schizophrenia patients and 264 healthy controls of the northern Chinese Han population. Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were analyzed by chi-square test. RESULTS Four SNPs were detected in the region. LD analysis determined that rs7515900 was linked to rs10917671 (D' = 1, r2 = 1). Therefore, the data for rs10917671 were eliminated from further analysis. Genotype TT of rs12041948 (P = 0.009, OR = 1.829, and 95% CI = 0.038-0.766) was significantly different between the two groups in the northern Chinese Han population. In males, genotype GG of rs6678136 (P = 0.009, OR = 2.292, and 95% CI = 1.256-4.18) and CC of rs7515900 (P = 0.003, OR = 2.523, and 95% CI = 1.332-4.778) were significantly different. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested that genotype TT of rs12041948 in the pooled male and female samples and GG of rs6678136 and CC of rs7515900 in the male samples could be risk factors for schizophrenia. The present study is the first to detect an association between SNPs in the promoter region of the RGS4 gene and the risk of schizophrenia in the northern Chinese Han population. Functional studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xia
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Xing
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Feng Xuan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ping Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Jie Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Vashisth H. Conformational dynamics and interfacial interactions of peptide-appended pillar[5]arene water channels in biomimetic membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22711-22721. [PMID: 31454001 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04408f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide appended pillar[5]arene (PAP) is an artificial water channel resembling biological water channel proteins, which has shown a significant potential for designing bioinspired water purification systems. Given that PAP channels need to be incorporated at a high density in membrane matrices, it is critical to examine the role of channel-channel and channel-membrane interactions in governing the structural and functional characteristics of channels. To resolve the atomic-scale details of these interactions, we have carried out atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of multiple PAP channels inserted in a lipid or a block-copolymer (BCP) membrane matrix. Classical MD simulations on a sub-microsecond timescale showed clustering of channels only in the lipid membrane, but enhanced sampling MD simulations showed thermodynamically-favorable dimerized states of channels in both lipid and BCP membranes. The dimerized configurations of channels, with an extensive buried surface area, were stabilized via interactions between the aromatic groups in the peptide arms of neighboring channels. The conformational metrics characterizing the orientational and structural changes in channels revealed a higher flexibility in the lipid membrane as opposed to the BCP membrane although hydrogen bonds between the channel and the membrane molecules were not a major contributor to the stability of channels in the BCP membrane. We also found that the channels undergo wetting/dewetting transitions in both lipid and BCP membranes with a marginally higher probability of undergoing a dewetting transition in the BCP membrane. Collectively, these results highlight the role of channel dynamics in governing channel-channel and channel-membrane interfacial interactions, and provide atomic-scale insights needed to design stable and functional biomimetic membranes for efficient separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, 33 Academic Way, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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O'Brien JB, Wilkinson JC, Roman DL. Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins as drug targets: Progress and future potentials. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18571-18585. [PMID: 31636120 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.007060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in regulating processes such as cellular homeostasis, responses to stimuli, and cell signaling. Accordingly, GPCRs have long served as extraordinarily successful drug targets. It is therefore not surprising that the discovery in the mid-1990s of a family of proteins that regulate processes downstream of GPCRs generated great excitement in the field. This finding enhanced the understanding of these critical signaling pathways and provided potentially new targets for pharmacological intervention. These regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins were viewed by many as nodes downstream of GPCRs that could be targeted with small molecules to tune signaling processes. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the discovery of RGS proteins and of the gradual and continuing discovery of their roles in disease states, focusing particularly on cancer and neurological disorders. We also discuss high-throughput screening efforts that have led to the discovery first of peptide-based and then of small-molecule inhibitors targeting a subset of the RGS proteins. We explore the unique mechanisms of RGS inhibition these chemical tools have revealed and highlight the most up-to-date studies using these tools in animal experiments. Finally, we discuss the future opportunities in the field, as there are clearly more avenues left to be explored and potentials to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B O'Brien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Joshua C Wilkinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - David L Roman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.
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Shaw VS, Mohammadi M, Quinn JA, Vashisth H, Neubig RR. An Interhelical Salt Bridge Controls Flexibility and Inhibitor Potency for Regulators of G-protein Signaling Proteins 4, 8, and 19. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:683-691. [PMID: 31543506 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins modulate receptor signaling by binding to activated G-protein α-subunits, accelerating GTP hydrolysis. Selective inhibition of RGS proteins increases G-protein activity and may provide unique tissue specificity. Thiadiazolidinones (TDZDs) are covalent inhibitors that act on cysteine residues to inhibit RGS4, RGS8, and RGS19. There is a correlation between protein flexibility and potency of inhibition by the TDZD 4-[(4- fluorophenyl)methyl]-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (CCG-50014). In the context of a single conserved cysteine residue on the α 4 helix, RGS19 is the most flexible and most potently inhibited by CCG-50014, followed by RGS4 and RGS8. In this work, we identify residues responsible for differences in both flexibility and potency of inhibition among RGS isoforms. RGS19 lacks a charged residue on the α 4 helix that is present in RGS4 and RGS8. Introducing a negative charge at this position (L118D) increased the thermal stability of RGS19 and decreased the potency of inhibition of CCG-50014 by 8-fold. Mutations eliminating salt bridge formation in RGS8 and RGS4 decreased thermal stability in RGS8 and increased potency of inhibition of both RGS4 and RGS8 by 4- and 2-fold, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations with an added salt bridge in RGS19 (L118D) showed reduced RGS19 flexibility. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange studies showed striking differences in flexibility in the α 4 helix of RGS4, 8, and 19 with salt bridge-modifying mutations. These results show that the α 4 salt bridge-forming residue controls flexibility in several RGS isoforms and supports a causal relationship between RGS flexibility and the potency of TDZD inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Inhibitor potency is often viewed in relation to the static structure of a target protein binding pocket. Using both experimental and computation studies we assess determinants of dynamics and inhibitor potency for three different RGS proteins. A single salt bridge-forming residue determines differences in flexibility between RGS isoforms; mutations either increase or decrease protein motion with correlated alterations in inhibitor potency. This strongly suggests a causal relationship between RGS protein flexibility and covalent inhibitor potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent S Shaw
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (V.S.S., J.A.Q., R.R.N.) and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (M.M., H.V.)
| | - Mohammadjavad Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (V.S.S., J.A.Q., R.R.N.) and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (M.M., H.V.)
| | - Josiah A Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (V.S.S., J.A.Q., R.R.N.) and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (M.M., H.V.)
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (V.S.S., J.A.Q., R.R.N.) and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (M.M., H.V.)
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (V.S.S., J.A.Q., R.R.N.) and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (M.M., H.V.)
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Yu J, Zhang L, Liu B. Adsorption of Malachite Green with Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Modified Sepiolite: Characterization, Adsorption Performance and Regeneration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183297. [PMID: 31500327 PMCID: PMC6765866 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of malachite green (MG) onto sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)-modified sepiolite was investigated with respect to pH, oscillation rate, MG dosage and adsorbent dosage. The modification condition and modified sepiolite characterization were examined. The conditions of 100% cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH value of 9, contact time of 60 min and 25 °C were deemed as the optimal conditions. The interlayer spacing of sepiolite was expanded and the surface hydrophobicity improved due to the entering of SDBS into the interlayer structure of the sepiolite ore. This is probably the reason for its adsorption enhancement. The adsorption of malachite green by organic sepiolite is in line with the quasi-secondary kinetic model. The results from the regeneration procedure suggest that a superior regeneration property obtained with 0.2 mol/L HCl concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Qiu J, Li G, Liu D, Jiang S, Wang G, Chen P, Zhu X, Cao X, Lyu X. Effect of Layer Charge Characteristics on the Distribution Characteristics of H 2O and Ca 2+ in Ca-Montmorillonites Interlayer Space: Molecular Dynamics Simulation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2318. [PMID: 31330802 PMCID: PMC6679075 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The charge characteristics of montmorillonite have significant effects on its hydration and application performances. In this study, a molecular dynamics simulation method was used to study the influence of the charge position and charge density of montmorillonite on the distribution of H2O and Ca2+ in layers. The results showed that when the layer charge is mainly derived from the substitution among ions in the tetrahedron, a large number of Hw and Ot are combined into a hydrogen bond in the interlayer, thus the water molecules are more compactly arranged and the diffusion of water molecules among the layers is reduced. In addition, the Ca2+ are diffused to the sides by a concentrated distribution in the central axis of the layer. As the charge density of the montmorillonite increases, the polarity of the Si-O surface increases, which lesds to the deterioration of the diffusibility of the water molecules and the structure of the water molecules in the interlayers is more stable. The increase in the layer charge density lesds to the expansion of the isomorphic substitution range of the crystal structure, which results in a more dispersed distribution of Ca2+ among the layers under the action of electrostatic attraction between the substituted negative sites and the Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Guoqing Li
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Guifang Wang
- School of Resources Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiangnan Zhu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xianjun Lyu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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The Symmetric Difference Distance: A New Way to Evaluate the Evolution of Interfaces along Molecular Dynamics Trajectories; Application to Influenza Hemagglutinin. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a new and easy approach to evaluate structural dissimilarities between frames issued from molecular dynamics, and we test this methodology on human hemagglutinin. This protein is responsible for the entry of the influenza virus into the host cell by endocytosis, and this virus causes seasonal epidemics of infectious disease, which can be estimated to result in hundreds of thousands of deaths each year around the world. We computed the three interfaces between the three protomers of the hemagglutinin H1 homotrimer (PDB code: 1RU7) for each of its conformations generated from molecular dynamics simulation. For each conformation, we considered the set of residues involved in the union of these three interfaces. The dissimilarity between each pair of conformations was measured with our new methodology, the symmetric difference distance between the associated set of residues. The main advantages of the full procedure are: (i) it is parameter free; (ii) no spatial alignment is needed and (iii) it is simple enough so that it can be implemented by a beginner in programming. It is shown to be a relevant tool to follow the evolution of the conformation along the molecular dynamics trajectories.
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Pharmacological and molecular dynamics analyses of differences in inhibitor binding to human and nematode PDE4: Implications for management of parasitic nematodes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214554. [PMID: 30917179 PMCID: PMC6436744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel chemical controls are needed that selectively target human, animal, and plant parasitic nematodes with reduced adverse effects on the host or the environment. We hypothesize that the phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme family represents a potential target for development of novel nematicides and anthelmintics. To test this, we identified six PDE families present in the nematode phylum that are orthologous to six of the eleven human PDE families. We characterized the binding interactions of family-selective PDE inhibitors with human and C. elegans PDE4 in conjunction with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate differences in binding interactions of these inhibitors within the PDE4 catalytic domain. We observed that roflumilast (human PDE4-selective inhibitor) and zardaverine (selective for human PDE3 and PDE4) were 159- and 77-fold less potent, respectively, in inhibiting C. elegans PDE4. The pan-specific PDE inhibitor isobutyl methyl xanthine (IBMX) had similar affinity for nematode and human PDE4. Of 32 residues within 5 Å of the ligand binding site, five revealed significant differences in non-bonded interaction energies (van der Waals and electrostatic interaction energies) that could account for the differential binding affinities of roflumilast and zardaverine. One site (Phe506 in the human PDE4D3 amino acid sequence corresponding to Tyr253 in C. elegans PDE4) is predicted to alter the binding conformation of roflumilast and zardaverine (but not IBMX) into a less energetically favorable state for the nematode enzyme. The pharmacological differences in sensitivity to PDE4 inhibitors in conjunction with differences in the amino acids comprising the inhibitor binding sites of human and C. elegans PDE4 catalytic domains together support the feasibility of designing the next generation of anthelmintics/nematicides that could selectively bind to nematode PDEs.
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