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Helsen C, Rocca MS, Nguyen TT, Eerlings R, Lee XY, De Block S, Vinanzi C, Di Millo F, Giagulli V, Voet A, Ferlin A, Claessens F. Study of novel androgen receptor V770 variant in androgen insensitivity syndrome patients reveals the transitional state of the androgen receptor ligand binding domain homodimer. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4599. [PMID: 36806291 PMCID: PMC10019450 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of the androgen receptor missense mutation V770D, that was found in two sisters suffering from complete androgen insensitivity. Experimental validation of AR V770 variants demonstrated that AR V770D was transcriptionally inactive due to the inability to dimerize and a reduced ligand binding affinity. The more conservative AR V770A variant showed a dimerization defect at low levels of DHT with a partial recovery of the transcriptional activity and of the receptor's ability to dimerize when increasing the DHT levels. With V770 located outside of the proposed LBD dimerization interface of the AR LBD homodimer crystal structure, the effects of the V770A mutation on AR dimerization were unexpected. We therefore explored whether the AR LBD dimerization interface would be better described by an alternative dimerization mode based on available human homodimeric LBD crystal structures of other nuclear receptors. Superposition of the monomeric AR LBD in the homodimeric crystal structures of GR, PR, ER, CAR, TRβ, and HNF-4α showed that the GR-like LBD dimer model was energetically the most stable. Moreover, V770 was a key energy residue in the GR-like LBD dimer while it was not involved in the stabilization of the AR LBD homodimer according to the crystal structure. Additionally, the observation that 4 AIS mutations impacted the stability of the AR LBD dimer while 16 mutations affected the GR-like LBD dimer, suggested that the AR LBD dimer crystal is a snapshot of a breathing AR LBD homodimer that can transition into the GR-like LBD dimer model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Santa Rocca
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive MedicineUniversity Hospital of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Tien T. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, the Chemistry DepartmentKU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
| | - Roy Eerlings
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Xiao Yin Lee
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sofie De Block
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Cinzia Vinanzi
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive MedicineUniversity Hospital of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | | | - Vito Giagulli
- Santa Maria and Villa Lucia HospitalGVM Care & ResearchBariItaly
| | - Arnout Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, the Chemistry DepartmentKU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
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Dube N, Khan SH, Sasse R, Okafor CD. Identification of an Evolutionarily Conserved Allosteric Network in Steroid Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:571-582. [PMID: 36594606 PMCID: PMC9875803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric pathways in proteins describe networks comprising amino acid residues which may facilitate the propagation of signals between distant sites. Through inter-residue interactions, dynamic and conformational changes can be transmitted from the site of perturbation to an allosteric site. While sophisticated computational methods have been developed to characterize such allosteric pathways linking specific sites on proteins, few attempts have been made to apply these approaches toward identifying new allosteric sites. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations and suboptimal path analysis to discover new allosteric networks in steroid receptors with a focus on evolutionarily conserved pathways. Using modern receptors and a reconstructed ancestral receptor, we identify networks connecting several sites to the activation function surface 2 (AF-2), the site of coregulator recruitment. One of these networks is conserved across the entire family, connecting a predicted allosteric site located between helices 9 and 10 of the ligand-binding domain. We investigate the basis of this conserved network as well as the importance of this site, discovering that the site lies in a region of the ligand-binding domain characterized by conserved inter-residue contacts. This study suggests an evolutionarily importance of the helix 9-helix 10 site in steroid receptors and identifies an approach that may be applied to discover previously unknown allosteric sites in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Dube
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sabab Hasan Khan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Riley Sasse
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - C. Denise Okafor
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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3
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Fuller PJ, Young MJ, Yang J, Cole TJ. Structure-function relationships of the aldosterone receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:285-312. [PMID: 37717989 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cellular response to the adrenal steroid aldosterone is mediated by the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. The MR binds more than one physiological ligand with binding at the MR determined by pre-receptor metabolism of glucocorticoid ligands by 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. The MR has a wide tissue distribution with multiple roles beyond the classical role in electrolyte homeostasis including cardiovascular function, immune cell signaling, neuronal fate and adipocyte differentiation. The MR has three principal functional domains, an N-terminal ligand domain, a central DNA binding domain and a C-terminal, ligand binding domain, with structures having been determined for the latter two domains but not for the whole receptor. MR signal-transduction can be best viewed as a series of interactions which are determined by the conformation conferred on the receptor by ligand binding. This conformation then determines subsequent intra- and inter-molecular interactions. These interactions include chromatin, coregulators and other transcription factors, and additional less well characterized cytoplasmic non-genomic effects via crosstalk with other signaling pathways. This chapter will provide a review of MR structure and function, and an analysis of the critical interactions involved in MR-mediated signal transduction, which contribute to ligand- and tissue-specificity. Understanding the relevant mechanisms for selective MR signaling in terms of these interactions opens the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of MR-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Fuller
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Morag J Young
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne and Baker HDI Department of Cardiometabolic Health and Disease, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jun Yang
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy J Cole
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Interactions governing transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1941-1952. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20220338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The key players in transcriptional regulation are transcription factors (TFs), proteins that bind specific DNA sequences. Several mechanisms exist to turn TFs ‘on’ and ‘off’, including ligand binding which induces conformational changes within TFs, subsequently influencing multiple inter- and intramolecular interactions to drive transcriptional responses. Nuclear receptors are a specific family of ligand-regulated TFs whose activity relies on interactions with DNA, coregulator proteins and other receptors. These multidomain proteins also undergo interdomain interactions on multiple levels, further modulating transcriptional outputs. Cooperation between these distinct interactions is critical for appropriate transcription and remains an intense area of investigation. In this review, we report and summarize recent findings that continue to advance our mechanistic understanding of how interactions between nuclear receptors and diverse partners influence transcription.
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Helsen C, Nguyen T, Vercruysse T, Wouters S, Daelemans D, Voet A, Claessens F. The T850D Phosphomimetic Mutation in the Androgen Receptor Ligand Binding Domain Enhances Recruitment at Activation Function 2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031557. [PMID: 35163481 PMCID: PMC8836279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several key functions of the androgen receptor (AR) such as hormone recognition and co-regulator recruitment converge in the ligand binding domain (LBD). Loss- or gain-of-function of the AR contributes to pathologies such as the androgen insensitivity syndrome and prostate cancer. Here, we describe a gain-of-function mutation of the surface-exposed threonine at position 850, located at the amino-terminus of Helix 10 (H10) in the AR LBD. Since T850 phosphorylation was reported to affect AR function, we created the phosphomimetic mutation T850D. The AR T850D variant has a 1.5- to 2-fold increased transcriptional activity with no effect on ligand affinity. In the androgen responsive LNCaP cell line grown in medium with low androgen levels, we observed a growth advantage for cells in which the endogenous AR was replaced by AR T850D. Despite the distance to the AF2 site, the AR T850D LBD displayed an increased affinity for coactivator peptides as well as the 23FQNLF27 motif of AR itself. Molecular Dynamics simulations confirm allosteric transmission of the T850D mutation towards the AF2 site via extended hydrogen bond formation between coactivator peptide and AF2 site. This mechanistic study thus confirms the gain-of-function character of T850D and T850 phosphorylation for AR activity and reveals details of the allosteric communications within the LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Helsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, ON I, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16377388
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (T.N.); (S.W.); (A.V.)
| | - Thomas Vercruysse
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.V.); (D.D.)
| | - Staf Wouters
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (T.N.); (S.W.); (A.V.)
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.V.); (D.D.)
| | - Arnout Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (T.N.); (S.W.); (A.V.)
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, ON I, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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Laulhé M, Dumeige L, Vu TA, Hani I, Pussard E, Lombès M, Viengchareun S, Martinerie L. Sexual Dimorphism of Corticosteroid Signaling during Kidney Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105275. [PMID: 34069759 PMCID: PMC8155845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism involves differences between biological sexes that go beyond sexual characteristics. In mammals, differences between sexes have been demonstrated regarding various biological processes, including blood pressure and predisposition to develop hypertension early in adulthood, which may rely on early events during development and in the neonatal period. Recent studies suggest that corticosteroid signaling pathways (comprising glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid signaling pathways) have distinct tissue-specific expression and regulation during this specific temporal window in a sex-dependent manner, most notably in the kidney. This review outlines the evidence for a gender differential expression and activation of renal corticosteroid signaling pathways in the mammalian fetus and neonate, from mouse to human, that may favor mineralocorticoid signaling in females and glucocorticoid signaling in males. Determining the effects of such differences may shed light on short term and long term pathophysiological consequences, markedly for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Laulhé
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, CEDEX, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.L.); (L.D.); (T.A.V.); (I.H.); (E.P.); (M.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Laurence Dumeige
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, CEDEX, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.L.); (L.D.); (T.A.V.); (I.H.); (E.P.); (M.L.); (S.V.)
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debre, France & Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Thi An Vu
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, CEDEX, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.L.); (L.D.); (T.A.V.); (I.H.); (E.P.); (M.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Imene Hani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, CEDEX, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.L.); (L.D.); (T.A.V.); (I.H.); (E.P.); (M.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Eric Pussard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, CEDEX, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.L.); (L.D.); (T.A.V.); (I.H.); (E.P.); (M.L.); (S.V.)
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, CEDEX, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.L.); (L.D.); (T.A.V.); (I.H.); (E.P.); (M.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Say Viengchareun
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, CEDEX, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.L.); (L.D.); (T.A.V.); (I.H.); (E.P.); (M.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Laetitia Martinerie
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, CEDEX, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.L.); (L.D.); (T.A.V.); (I.H.); (E.P.); (M.L.); (S.V.)
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debre, France & Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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