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King DR, Sedovy MW, Eaton X, Dunaway LS, Good ME, Isakson BE, Johnstone SR. Cell-To-Cell Communication in the Resistance Vasculature. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3833-3867. [PMID: 35959755 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The arterial vasculature can be divided into large conduit arteries, intermediate contractile arteries, resistance arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Resistance arteries and arterioles primarily function to control systemic blood pressure. The resistance arteries are composed of a layer of endothelial cells oriented parallel to the direction of blood flow, which are separated by a matrix layer termed the internal elastic lamina from several layers of smooth muscle cells oriented perpendicular to the direction of blood flow. Cells within the vessel walls communicate in a homocellular and heterocellular fashion to govern luminal diameter, arterial resistance, and blood pressure. At rest, potassium currents govern the basal state of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Multiple stimuli can elicit rises in intracellular calcium levels in either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells, sourced from intracellular stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum or the extracellular space. In general, activation of endothelial cells results in the production of a vasodilatory signal, usually in the form of nitric oxide or endothelial-derived hyperpolarization. Conversely, activation of smooth muscle cells results in a vasoconstriction response through smooth muscle cell contraction. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-35, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ryan King
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Meghan W Sedovy
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xinyan Eaton
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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2
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Hoffmann T, Kistner K, Joksimovic SLJ, Todorovic SM, Reeh PW, Sauer SK. Painful diabetic neuropathy leads to functional Ca V3.2 expression and spontaneous activity in skin nociceptors of mice. Exp Neurol 2021; 346:113838. [PMID: 34450183 PMCID: PMC8549116 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy occurs in approximately 20% of diabetic patients with underlying pathomechanisms not fully understood. We evaluated the contribution of the CaV3.2 isoform of T-type calcium channel to hyperglycemia-induced changes in cutaneous sensory C-fiber functions and neuropeptide release employing the streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes model in congenic mouse strains including global knockouts (KOs). Hyperglycemia established for 3-5 weeks in male C57BL/6J mice led to major reorganizations in peripheral C-fiber functions. Unbiased electrophysiological screening of mechanosensitive single-fibers in isolated hairy hindpaw skin revealed a relative loss of (polymodal) heat sensing in favor of cold sensing. In healthy CaV3.2 KO mice both heat and cold sensitivity among the C-fibers seemed underrepresented in favor of exclusive mechanosensitivity, low-threshold in particular, which deficit became significant in the diabetic KOs. Diabetes also led to a marked increase in the incidence of spontaneous discharge activity among the C-fibers of wildtype mice, which was reduced by the specific CaV3.2 blocker TTA-P2 and largely absent in the KOs. Evaluation restricted to the peptidergic class of nerve fibers - measuring KCl-stimulated CGRP release - revealed a marked reduction in the sciatic nerve by TTA-P2 in healthy but not diabetic wildtypes, the latter showing CGRP release that was as much reduced as in healthy and, to the same extent, in diabetic CaV3.2 KOs. These data suggest that diabetes abrogates all CaV3.2 functionality in the peripheral nerve axons. In striking contrast, diabetes markedly increased the KCl-stimulated CGRP release from isolated hairy skin of wildtypes but not KO mice, and TTA-P2 reversed this increase, strongly suggesting a de novo expression of CaV3.2 in peptidergic cutaneous nerve endings which may contribute to the enhanced spontaneous activity. De-glycosylation by neuraminidase showed clear desensitizing effects, both in regard to spontaneous activity and stimulated CGRP release, but included actions independent of CaV3.2. However, as diabetes-enhanced glycosylation is decisive for intra-axonal trafficking, it may account for the substantial reorganizations of the CaV3.2 distribution. The results may strengthen the validation of CaV3.2 channel as a therapeutic target of treating painful diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Hoffmann
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Kistner
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja L J Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter W Reeh
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Sauer
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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3
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Kim YJ, Granstein RD. Roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the skin, and other physiological and pathophysiological functions. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100361. [PMID: 34746878 PMCID: PMC8551410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin immunity is regulated by many mediator molecules. One is the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP has roles in regulating the function of components of the immune system including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and mast cells (MCs). Herein we discuss actions of CGRP in mediating inflammatory and vascular effects in various cutaneous models and disorders. CGRP can help to recruit immune cells through endothelium-dependent vasodilation. CGRP plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurogenic inflammation. Functions of many components in the immune system are influenced by CGRP. CGRP regulates various inflammatory processes in human skin by affecting different cell-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, WGC9, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Richard D Granstein
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, WGC9, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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Sanechika S, Shimobori C, Ohbuchi K. Identification of herbal components as TRPA1 agonists and TRPM8 antagonists. J Nat Med 2021; 75:717-725. [PMID: 33877504 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective cation channels that are implicated in analgesia, bowel motility, wound healing, thermoregulation, vasodilation and voiding dysfunction. Many natural products have been reported to affect the activity of TRP channels. We hypothesize that numerous traditional herbal medicines (THMs) might exert their pharmacological activity through modulating the activity of TRP channels. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of flavonoid aglycones and their glycosides, which are the main components of many THMs, on the TRP channel subtypes. A Ca2+ influx assay was performed using recombinant human TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV4 and TRPM8 cell lines. Our findings showed that flavonoid aglycones and glycycoumarin activated TRPA1. In particular, isoflavone and chalcone compounds displayed potent TRPA1 agonistic activity. Furthermore, flavone aglycones showed concomitant potent TRPM8 inhibiting activity. Indeed, flavone, isoflavone aglycones, non-prenylated chalcones and glycycoumarin were found to be TRPM8 inhibitors. Hence, flavonoid aglycones metabolized by lactase-phlorizin hydrolase and β-glucosidase in the small intestine or gut microbiota of the large intestine could generate TRPA1 agonists and TRPM8 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sanechika
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research and Development Division, Tsumura & Co, 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Chika Shimobori
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research and Development Division, Tsumura & Co, 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research and Development Division, Tsumura & Co, 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
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5
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Bahia PK, Taylor-Clark TE. Differential sensitivity of cinnamaldehyde-evoked calcium fluxes to ruthenium red in guinea pig and mouse trigeminal sensory neurons. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:127. [PMID: 33827677 PMCID: PMC8028702 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an excitatory ion channel expressed on a subset of sensory neurons. TRPA1 is activated by a host of noxious stimuli including pollutants, irritants, oxidative stress and inflammation, and is thought to play an important role in nociception and pain perception. TRPA1 is therefore a therapeutic target for diseases with nociceptive sensory signaling components. TRPA1 orthologs have been shown to have differential sensitivity to certain ligands. Cinnamaldehyde has previously been shown to activate sensory neurons via the selective gating of TRPA1. Here, we tested the sensitivity of cinnamaldehyde-evoked responses in mouse and guinea pig sensory neurons to the pore blocker ruthenium red (RuR). Results Cinnamaldehyde, the canonical TRPA1-selective agonist, caused robust calcium fluxes in trigeminal neurons dissociated from both mice and guinea pigs. RuR effectively inhibited cinnamaldehyde-evoked responses in mouse neurons at 30 nM, with complete block seen with 3 μM. In contrast, responses in guinea pig neurons were only partially inhibited by 3 μM RuR. We conclude that RuR has a decreased affinity for guinea pig TRPA1 compared to mouse TRPA1. This study provides further evidence of differences in ligand affinity for TRPA1 in animal models relevant for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmvir K Bahia
- Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Gebhardt LA, Kichko TI, Fischer MJM, Reeh PW. TRPA1-dependent calcium transients and CGRP release in DRG neurons require extracellular calcium. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151799. [PMID: 32434221 PMCID: PMC7265312 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201702151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Shang et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201603081) reported that activation of lysosomal TRPA1 channels led to intracellular calcium transients and CGRP release from DRG neurons. We argue that both findings are more likely due to influx of insufficiently buffered extracellular calcium rather than lysosomal release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Gebhardt
- Institute of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tetyana I Kichko
- Institute of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Peter W Reeh
- Institute of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Liu B, Younus M, Sun S, Li Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Sun X, Shang S, Wang C, Zhu MX, Zhou Z. Reply to "TRPA1-dependent calcium transients and CGRP release in DRG neurons require extracellular calcium". J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151797. [PMID: 32434222 PMCID: PMC7265323 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue, Gebhardt et al. (2020. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201702151) express interest in our recently published work (Shang et al. 2016. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201603081). Here, we would like to address their concerns regarding the lysosomal TRPA1-mediated intracellular calcium transients in dorsal root ganglion neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Younus
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujiang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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8
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DeMarco GJ, Nunamaker EA. A Review of the Effects of Pain and Analgesia on Immune System Function and Inflammation: Relevance for Preclinical Studies. Comp Med 2019; 69:520-534. [PMID: 31896389 PMCID: PMC6935697 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most significant challenges facing investigators, laboratory animal veterinarians, and IACUCs, is how to balance appropriate analgesic use, animal welfare, and analgesic impact on experimental results. This is particularly true for in vivo studies on immune system function and inflammatory disease. Often times the effects of analgesic drugs on a particular immune function or model are incomplete or don't exist. Further complicating the picture is evidence of the very tight integration and bidirectional functionality between the immune system and branches of the nervous system involved in nociception and pain. These relationships have advanced the concept of understanding pain as a protective neuroimmune function and recognizing pathologic pain as a neuroimmune disease. This review strives to summarize extant literature on the effects of pain and analgesia on immune system function and inflammation in the context of preclinical in vivo studies. The authors hope this work will help to guide selection of analgesics for preclinical studies of inflammatory disease and immune system function.
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Key Words
- cb,endocannabinoid receptor
- cd,crohn disease
- cfa, complete freund adjuvant
- cgrp,calcitonin gene-related peptide
- cox,cyclooxygenase
- ctl, cytotoxic t-lymphocytes
- damp,damage-associated molecular pattern molecules
- drg,dorsal root ganglion
- dss, dextran sodium sulphate
- ecs,endocannabinoid system
- ibd, inflammatory bowel disease
- ifa,incomplete freund adjuvant
- las, local anesthetics
- pamp,pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules
- pge2, prostaglandin e2
- p2y, atp purine receptor y
- p2x, atp purine receptor x
- tnbs, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid
- trp, transient receptor potential ion channels
- trpv, transient receptor potential vanilloid
- tg,trigeminal ganglion
- uc,ulcerative colitis
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Affiliation(s)
- George J DeMarco
- Department of Animal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;,
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Dual-targeting Rutaecarpine-NO donor hybrids as novel anti-hypertensive agents by promoting release of CGRP. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:146-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zyśk M, Gapys B, Ronowska A, Gul-Hinc S, Erlandsson A, Iwanicki A, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Szutowicz A, Bielarczyk H. Protective effects of voltage-gated calcium channel antagonists against zinc toxicity in SN56 neuroblastoma cholinergic cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209363. [PMID: 30571745 PMCID: PMC6301650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the pathological site effects in excitotoxic activation is Zn2+ overload to postsynaptic neurons. Such an effect is considered to be equivalent to the glutamate component of excitotoxicity. Excessive uptake of Zn2+ by active voltage-dependent transport systems in these neurons may lead to significant neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and which antagonists of the voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC) might modify this Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cells. Our data demonstrates that depolarized SN56 neuronal cells may take up large amounts of Zn2+ and store these in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial sub-fractions. The mitochondrial Zn2+ excess suppressed pyruvate uptake and oxidation. Such suppression was caused by inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, aconitase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase activities, resulting in the yielding of acetyl-CoA and ATP shortages. Moreover, incoming Zn2+ increased both oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde levels, known parameters of oxidative stress. In depolarized SN56 cells, nifedipine treatment (L-type VGCC antagonist) reduced Zn2+ uptake and oxidative stress. The treatment applied prevented the activities of PDHC, aconitase and NADP-IDH enzymes, and also yielded the maintenance of acetyl-CoA and ATP levels. Apart from suppression of oxidative stress, N- and P/Q-type VGCCs presented a similar, but weaker protective influence. In conclusion, our data shows that in the course of excitotoxity, impairment to calcium homeostasis is tightly linked with an excessive neuronal Zn2+ uptake. Hence, the VGCCs types L, N and P/Q share responsibility for neuronal Zn2+ overload followed by significant energy-dependent neurotoxicity. Moreover, Zn2+ affects the target tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, yields acetyl-CoA and energy deficits as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Zyśk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Beata Gapys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Ronowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Gul-Hinc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Erlandsson
- Department of Public Health & Caring Sciences/Molecular Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Iwanicki
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, University of Gdańsk & Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Szutowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hanna Bielarczyk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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11
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Klusch A, Gorzelanny C, Reeh PW, Schmelz M, Petersen M, Sauer SK. Local NGF and GDNF levels modulate morphology and function of porcine DRG neurites, In Vitro. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203215. [PMID: 30260982 PMCID: PMC6160011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve terminals of primary sensory neurons are influenced by their environment through target derived trophic factors, like nerve growth factor (NGF) or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). In mice, subpopulations of DRG neurons express receptors either for NGF or GDNF and therefore differentially respond to these neurotrophic factors. We probed neurite endings from porcine DRG neurons cultured in either NGF or GDNF and examined their shape, elongation and stimulus-evoked CGRP release. A compartmentalized culture system was employed allowing spatial separation of outgrown neurites from their somata and use of different growth factors in the compartments. We show that neurites of GDNF cultured somata extend into lateral compartments without added growth factor, unlike neurites of NGF cultured ones. Neurites of NGF cultured somata extend not only into NGF- but also into GDNF-containing compartments. GDNF at the site of terminals of NGF responsive somata led to a strong neurite arborization and formation of large growth cones, compared to neurites in medium with NGF. Functionally, we could detect evoked CGRP release from as few as 7 outgrown neurites per compartment and calculated release per mm neurite length. CGRP release was detected both in neurites from NGF and GDNF cultured somata, suggesting that also the latter ones are peptidergic in pig. When neurites of NGF cultured somata were grown in GDNF, capsaicin evoked a lower CGRP release than high potassium, compared to those grown in NGF. Our experiments demonstrate that the compartmented culture chamber can be a suitable model to assess neurite properties from trophic factor specific primary sensory neurons. With this model, insights into mechanisms of gain or loss of function of specific nociceptive neurites may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Klusch
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter W. Reeh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlen Petersen
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanne K. Sauer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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12
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Kee Z, Kodji X, Brain SD. The Role of Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) in Neurogenic Vasodilation and Its Cardioprotective Effects. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1249. [PMID: 30283343 PMCID: PMC6156372 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a highly potent vasoactive peptide released from sensory nerves, which is now proposed to have protective effects in several cardiovascular diseases. The major α-form is produced from alternate splicing and processing of the calcitonin gene. The CGRP receptor is a complex composed of calcitonin like receptor (CLR) and a single transmembrane protein, RAMP1. CGRP is a potent vasodilator and proposed to have protective effects in several cardiovascular diseases. CGRP has a proven role in migraine and selective antagonists and antibodies are now reaching the clinic for treatment of migraine. These clinical trials with antagonists and antibodies indicate that CGRP does not play an obvious role in the physiological control of human blood pressure. This review discusses the vasodilator and hypotensive effects of CGRP and the role of CGRP in mediating cardioprotective effects in various cardiovascular models and disorders. In models of hypertension, CGRP protects against the onset and progression of hypertensive states by potentially counteracting against the pro-hypertensive systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic system. With regards to its cardioprotective effects in conditions such as heart failure and ischaemia, CGRP-containing nerves innervate throughout cardiac tissue and the vasculature, where evidence shows this peptide alleviates various aspects of their pathophysiology, including cardiac hypertrophy, reperfusion injury, cardiac inflammation, and apoptosis. Hence, CGRP has been suggested as a cardioprotective, endogenous mediator released under stress to help preserve cardiovascular function. With the recent developments of various CGRP-targeted pharmacotherapies, in the form of CGRP antibodies/antagonists as well as a CGRP analog, this review provides a summary and a discussion of the most recent basic science and clinical findings, initiating a discussion on the future of CGRP as a novel target in various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Kee
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xenia Kodji
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan D Brain
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kodji X, Arkless KL, Kee Z, Cleary SJ, Aubdool AA, Evans E, Caton P, Pitchford SC, Brain SD. Sensory nerves mediate spontaneous behaviors in addition to inflammation in a murine model of psoriasis. FASEB J 2018; 33:1578-1594. [PMID: 30204499 PMCID: PMC6338626 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800395rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, erythema, as well as a form of pruritus, involving cutaneous discomfort. There is evidence from both clinical and murine models of psoriasis that chemical or surgical depletion of small-diameter sensory nerves/nociceptors benefits the condition, but the mechanisms are unclear. Hence, we aimed to understand the involvement of sensory nerve mediators with a murine model of psoriasis and associated spontaneous behaviors, indicative of cutaneous discomfort. We have established an Aldara model of psoriasis in mice and chemically depleted the small-diameter nociceptors in a selective manner. The spontaneous behaviors, in addition to the erythema and skin pathology, were markedly improved. Attenuated inflammation was associated with reduced dermal macrophage influx and production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (peroxynitrite and protein nitrosylation). Subsequently, this directly influenced observed behavioral responses. However, the blockade of common sensory neurogenic mechanisms for transient receptor potential (TRP)V1, TRPA1, and neuropeptides (substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) using genetic and pharmacological approaches inhibited the behaviors but not the inflammation. Thus, a critical role of the established sensory TRP-neuropeptide pathway in influencing cutaneous discomfort is revealed, indicating the therapeutic potential of agents that block that pathway. The ongoing inflammation is mediated by a distinct sensory pathway involving macrophage activation.-Kodji, X., Arkless, K. L., Kee, Z., Cleary, S. J., Aubdool, A. A., Evans, E., Caton, P., Pitchford, S. C., Brain, S. D. Sensory nerves mediate spontaneous behaviors in addition to inflammation in a murine model of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Kodji
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate L Arkless
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zizheng Kee
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Cleary
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aisah A Aubdool
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Caton
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Pitchford
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan D Brain
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Quallo T, Gentry C, Bevan S, Broad LM, Mogg AJ. Activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 induces CGRP release from spinal cord synaptosomes. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00191. [PMID: 27022465 PMCID: PMC4777244 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a sensor of nociceptive stimuli, expressed predominantly in a subpopulation of peptidergic sensory neurons which co-express the noxious heat-sensor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1. In this study, we describe a spinal cord synaptosome-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release assay for examining activation of TRPA1 natively expressed on the central terminals of dorsal root ganglion neurons. We have shown for the first time that activation of TRPA1 channels expressed on spinal cord synaptosomes by a selection of agonists evokes a concentration-dependent release of CGRP which is inhibited by TRPA1 antagonists. In addition, our results demonstrate that depolarization of spinal cord synaptosomes by a high concentration of KCl induces CGRP release via a T-type calcium channel-dependent mechanism whilst TRPA1-induced CGRP release functions independently of voltage-gated calcium channel activation. Finally, we have shown that pre-treatment of synaptosomes with the opioid agonist, morphine, results in a reduction of depolarization-induced CGRP release. This study has demonstrated the use of a dorsal spinal cord homogenate assay for investigation of natively expressed TRPA1 channels and for modulation of depolarizing stimuli at the level of the dorsal spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talisia Quallo
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases King's College London London SE1 1UL United Kingdom
| | - Clive Gentry
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases King's College London London SE1 1UL United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Bevan
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases King's College London London SE1 1UL United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Broad
- Neuroscience Research Division Lilly Research Centre Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd Windlesham United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Mogg
- Neuroscience Research Division Lilly Research Centre Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd Windlesham United Kingdom
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