1
|
Akhigbe RE, Akhigbe TM, Oyedokun PA, Famurewa AC. Molecular mechanisms underpinning the protection against antiretroviral drug-induced sperm-endocrine aberrations and testicular toxicity: A review. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108629. [PMID: 38825169 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionized the treatment of HIV/AIDS worldwide. The HAART approach is the combination of two or more antiretroviral drugs of different classes and are responsible for patient's survival and declining death rates from HIV/AIDS and AIDS-related events. However, the severe and persistent reproductive side effect toxicity of HAART regimens is of great concern to patients within the reproductive age. Till date, the underlying pathophysiology of the HAART-induced reproductive toxicity remains unraveled. Nevertheless, preclinical studies show that oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in HAART-induced sperm-endocrine deficit and reproductive aberrations. Studies are emerging demonstrating the efficacy of plant-based and non-plant products against the molecular alterations and testicular toxicity of HAART. The testicular mechanisms of mitigation by these products are associated with enhancement of testicular steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. This review presents the toxic effects of HAART on spermatogenesis, reproductive hormones and testis integrity. It also provides insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying the mitigation of HAART testicular toxicity by plant-based and non-plant agents. However, effect of repurposing clinical drugs to combat HAART toxicity is unknown, and more mechanistic studies are evidently needed. Altogether, plant-based and non-plant products are potential agents for prevention of rampant endocrine dysfunction and testicular toxicity of HAART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Tunmise M Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Breeding and Genetics Unit, Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Ejigbo Campus, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Precious A Oyedokun
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rojekar S, Gholap AD, Togre N, Bhoj P, Haeck C, Hatvate N, Singh N, Vitore J, Dhoble S, Kashid S, Patravale V. Current status of mannose receptor-targeted drug delivery for improved anti-HIV therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:494-521. [PMID: 38849091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit of achieving better therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of HIV, innovative drug delivery strategies have been extensively explored. Mannose receptors, which are primarily found on macrophages and dendritic cells, offer promising targets for drug delivery due to their involvement in HIV pathogenesis. This review article comprehensively evaluates recent drug delivery system advancements targeting the mannose receptor. We have systematically described recent developments in creating and utilizing drug delivery platforms, including nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, noisomes, dendrimers, and other nanocarrier systems targeted at the mannose receptor. These strategies aim to enhance drug delivery specificity, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy while decreasing off-target effects and systemic toxicity. Furthermore, the article delves into how mannose receptors and HIV interact, highlighting the potential for exploiting this interaction to enhance drug delivery to infected cells. The review covers essential topics, such as the rational design of nanocarriers for mannose receptor recognition, the impact of physicochemical properties on drug delivery performance, and how targeted delivery affects the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-HIV agents. The challenges of these novel strategies, including immunogenicity, stability, and scalability, and future research directions in this rapidly growing area are discussed. The knowledge synthesis presented in this review underscores the potential of mannose receptor-based targeted drug delivery as a promising avenue for advancing HIV treatment. By leveraging the unique properties of mannose receptors, researchers can design drug delivery systems that cater to individual needs, overcome existing limitations, and create more effective and patient-friendly treatments in the ongoing fight against HIV/AIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namdev Togre
- Department of Pathology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Priyanka Bhoj
- Department of Pathology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Clement Haeck
- Population Council, , Center for Biomedical Research, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Navnath Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Jyotsna Vitore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Sagar Dhoble
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. K. Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Snehal Kashid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rajeshkumar S, Parameswari RP, Sandhiya D, Al-Ghanim KA, Nicoletti M, Govindarajan M. Green Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity of Mangifera indica Seed-Wrapped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062818. [PMID: 36985789 PMCID: PMC10056584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the realm of nanoparticles, metal-based nanoparticles have traditionally been regarded as the pioneering category. Compared to other nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles have several advantages, including optical and biological properties, which provide them a significant competitive advantage in clinical and biological applications. In the current investigation, we used an aqueous Mangifera indica seed extract to synthesize nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs). UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, atomic force spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the synthesized ZnO NPs. The nanoparticles were assessed for their potential to inhibit bacterial growth and protect cells from free radical damage. According to the current study's findings, zinc oxide nanoparticles that had been modified with the aid of mango seeds were very efficient in preventing the development of the tested bacteria and were also powerful antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Rajeshkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, TN, India
| | | | - Dayalan Sandhiya
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, TN, India
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612001, TN, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Olojede SO, Lawal SK, Dare A, Naidu ECS, Rennie CO, Azu OO. Evaluation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate loaded silver nanoparticle on testicular morphology in experimental type-2 diabetic rats. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:71-80. [PMID: 35343349 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2042009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive derangement and metabolic disorders in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons require a nanoparticle delivery system to convey antiretroviral drugs to the anatomical sanctuary such as testis. This study investigated the effects of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the testicular oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and histology in male diabetic rats. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230 ± 20 g were randomly divided into diabetic and non-diabetic groups (n = 18). Diabetes was induced using the fructose-streptozotocin (Frt-STZ) rat model. Both groups were further divided into three (n = 6) and administered distilled water, TDF, or TDF-AgNP. Results obtained with the TDF-AgNP administration showed a significant increase (p < .05) in the reduced glutathione and catalase levels. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 were reduced in diabetic rats administered TDF-AgNP. More so, administration of TDF-AgNP to diabetic rats improved testicular histoarchitecture in diabetic rats. In addition, diabetic rats administered TDF-AgNP showed a significant reduction (p < .05) in blood glucose levels. TDF-AgNP to diabetic rats enhanced testicular antioxidant enzyme, reduced testicular inflammation, and alleviated structural derangements in the testis. Thus, the application of AgNP to deliver TDF may alleviate testicular toxicity and subsequently cater for neglected reproductive dysfunction during the management of HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sodiq Kolawole Lawal
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ayobami Dare
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Edwin C Stephen Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Carmen Olivia Rennie
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Department of Human, Biological & Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Hage Geingob Campus, Windhoek, Namibia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lawal SK, Olojede SO, Faborode OS, Aladeyelu OS, Matshipi MN, Sulaiman SO, Naidu ECS, Rennie CO, Azu OO. Nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissues. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025160. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the neurocognitive impairments associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain challenging. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCFB) impedes the adequate penetration of certain antiretroviral drugs into the brain. In addition, reports have shown that some antiretroviral drugs cause neurotoxicity resulting from their interaction with nervous tissues due to long-term systemic exposure. Therefore, the research into the effective therapeutic modality that would cater for the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and ART toxicity is now receiving broad research attention. Thus, this review explores the latest information in managing HAND using a nanoparticle drug delivery system (NDDS). We discussed the neurotoxicity profile of various approved ART. Also, we explained the applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in medicine, their different synthesis methods and their interaction with nervous tissues. Lastly, while proposing AgNPs as useful nanoparticles in properly delivering ART to enhance effectiveness and minimize neurocognitive disorders, we hypothesize that the perceived toxicity of AgNPs could be minimized by taking appropriate precautions. One such precaution is using appropriate reducing and stabilizing agents such as trisodium citrate to reduce silver ion Ag + to ground state Ag0 during the synthesis. Also, the usage of medium-sized, spherical-shaped AgNPs is encouraged in AgNPs-based drug delivery to the brain due to their ability to deliver therapeutic agents across BBB. In addition, characterization and functionalization of the synthesized AgNPs are required during the drug delivery approach. Putting all these factors in place would minimize toxicity and enhance the usage of AgNPs in delivering therapeutic agents across the BBB to the targeted brain tissue and could cater for the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and neurotoxic effects of antiretroviral drugs (ARDs).
Collapse
|
6
|
Lawal SK, Olojede SO, Sulaiman SO, Aladeyelu OS, Moodley R, Naidu ECS, Rennie CO, Azu OO. Tenofovir-silver nanoparticles conjugate ameliorates neurocognitive disorders and protects ultrastructural and cytoarchitectonic properties of the prefrontal cortex in diabetic rats. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2022; 22:569-579. [PMID: 35122679 PMCID: PMC9392981 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2021.6699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is the highly recommended antiretroviral drug in human immunodeficiency virus management. Although research has shown the neurological and metabolic disorders associated with TDF administration, the effect of TDF-silver nanoparticles conjugate (TDF-AgNPs) on the disorders has not been fully elucidated. Thus, this study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of TDF-AgNPs on ultrastructural and cytoarchitectonic properties of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in diabetic rats. Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 ± 13 g) were randomly divided into non-diabetic groups (1-3) and diabetic groups (4-6), each administered distilled water (0.5 ml/100g, p.o), TDF (26.8 mg/kg/bw, p.o) or TDF-AgNPs (6.7 mg/kg, i.p). After eight weeks of administration, cognitive function, oxidative injury and tissue inflammation were evaluated. Also, PFC ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy, Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry. Diabetic rats administered TDF exhibited cognitive deficits; and increases in blood glucose, malondialdehyde and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels, which correlate with decreases in glutathione level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. Furthermore, loss of PFC astrocytes and neuronal organelles was observed. Conversely, TDF-AgNPs administration to diabetic rats improved cognitive deficits; and increased glutathione, SOD, and catalase, but reduced PFC malondialdehyde and IL-1β concentrations. Notably, TDF-AgNPs prevented loss of PFC neurons and astrocytic cells, and morphology aberration of neuronal organelles. This study suggests that TDF-AgNPs attenuated cognitive deficits via silver nanoparticles' antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, preventing the loss of PFC astrocytes and neurons. The TDF-AgNPs may be utilized to ameliorate the neurological dysfunction caused by prolonged TDF administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sodiq Kolawole Lawal
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman
- Postgraduate Program in Cell Biology and Birbrair Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Okikioluwa Stephen Aladeyelu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshila Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Edwin C. Stephen Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Carmen Olivia Rennie
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Private, Namibia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brain antioxidants and hippocampal microanatomical alterations following the administration of Efavirenz/Lamivudine/Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and Lamivudine/Nevirapine/Zidovudine in adult male Wistar rats. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:210-216. [PMID: 35340763 PMCID: PMC8941179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
8
|
Olojede SO, Lawal SK, Dare A, Moodley R, Rennie CO, Naidu EC, Azu OO. Highly active antiretroviral therapy conjugated silver nanoparticle ameliorates testicular injury in type-2 diabetic rats. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08580. [PMID: 34917828 PMCID: PMC8669312 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and success in the treatment prognosis using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The clinical efficacy of this regimen has been associated with increased adverse effects such as metabolic derangements and reproductive dysfunctions. These adverse effects necessitate a nanoparticle delivery vehicle like silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), a multi-functional drug delivery system, to transport the HAART to the viral reservoir site like testis. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the effects of HAART loaded AgNPs (HAART-AgNPs) on testicular oxidative stress markers, an inflammatory biomarker, and histomorphology in a rat model of diabetes. Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 18) non-diabetic and fructose-streptozotocin (Frt-STZ) induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Thereafter, both groups were subdivided into three (n = 6) and treated with distilled water, HAART and HAART-AgNPs. HAART-AgNPs caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in catalase (23.43 ± 0.92) level vs diabetic control (16.95 ± 1.04). Also, HAART-AgNP caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and blood glucose levels (1.94 ± 0.06, 93.65 ± 3.6, 287.33 ± 22.85 respectively), compared to their respective diabetic control values (2.18 ± 0.12, 143.4 ± 9.2, 372.16 ± 23.16). Furthermore, HAART-AgNPs mitigated tubular atrophy, basement membrane thickening, interstitial distension, fibrous elemental distortion and peri-interstitial tissue alterations in the testis of diabetic rats. The results from this study showed that administration of HAART-AgNPs to diabetic rats reduced testicular inflammation, improved glycaemic control, antioxidant status, and testicular histology. Therefore, conjugation of AgNP with HAART may cater for the reproductive dysfunction during the management of HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sodiq Kolawole Lawal
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ayobami Dare
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshila Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Carmen Olivia Rennie
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - Edwin C.S. Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Department of Human, Biological & Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Hage Geingob Campus, Private, bag 13301, Namibia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Naidu ECS, Olojede SO, Lawal SK, Peter AI, Akang EA, Azu OO. Effects of vancomycin linoleic acid nanoparticles on male reproductive indices of Sprague-Dawley rats. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:587-595. [PMID: 34425727 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1968883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The management of bacterial infections, especially trains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus observe in health care settings, has markedly improved with the introduction of established drugs but using newer nano-based formulations. This study investigates the effects of vancomycin-linoleic acid nanoparticles on testicular tissue in an experimental animal model. Twenty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained at the Animal House of the Biomedical Resources Unit were assigned to five groups namely E - solid lipid nanoparticles; F - vancomycin solid lipid nanoparticle; G - linoleic acid nanoparticle; H - vancomycin linoleic acid; and A - control. Perturbations in seminal fluid parameters showed a reduced sperm count in groups F & G which was statistically significant (p < .05) but motility and morphology were not significant when compared to controls (A). Reduced testosterone levels were found in groups E, F and H but were not statistically significant (p > .05). There was also increased luteinizing hormone (LH) and decreased in follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels was statistically significant (p < .05). Hypoplasia, tubular atrophy and shrinkage were observed in histologic sections of the treated groups with basement membrane thickening. Vancomycin solid lipid nanoparticle and its constituents SLN and LA disrupted testicular morphometry and the hormonal milieu sufficient to potentially induce altered reproductive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Coleridge Stephen Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sodiq Kolawole Lawal
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aniekan Imo Peter
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Edidiong Anamso Akang
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lawal SK, Olojede SO, Dare A, Faborode OS, Naidu ECS, Rennie CO, Azu OO. Silver Nanoparticles Conjugate Attenuates Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Hippocampal Nissl Substance and Cognitive Deficits in Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:2118538. [PMID: 34840987 PMCID: PMC8626174 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2118538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of nanomedicine to antiretroviral drug delivery holds promise in reducing the comorbidities related to long-term systemic exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, the safety of drugs loaded with silver nanoparticles has been debatable. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of HAART-loaded silver nanoparticles (HAART-AgNPs) on the behavioural assessment, biochemical indices, morphological, and morphometric of the hippocampus in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS Conjugated HAART-AgNPs were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, UV spectrophotometer, HR-TEM, SEM, and EDX for absorbance peaks, size and morphology, and elemental components. Forty-eight male SD rats (250 ± 13 g) were divided into nondiabetic and diabetic groups. Each group was subdivided into (n = 8) A (nondiabetic+vehicle), B (nondiabetic+HAART), C (nondiabetic+HAART-AgNPs), D (diabetic+vehicle), E (diabetic+HAART), and F (diabetic+HAART-AgNPs). Morris water maze, Y-maze test, and weekly blood glucose levels were carried out. Following the last dose of 8-week treatment, the rats were anaesthetized and euthanized. Brain tissues were carefully removed and postfixed for Nissl staining histology. RESULTS 1.5 M concentration of HAART-AgNPs showed nanoparticle size 20.3 nm with spherical shape. HAART-AgNPs revealed 16.89% of silver and other elemental components of HAART. The diabetic control rats showed a significant increase in blood glucose, reduced spatial learning, positive hippocampal Nissl-stained cells, and a significant decrease in GSH and SOD levels. However, administration of HAART-AgNPs to diabetic rats significantly reduced blood glucose level, improved spatial learning, biochemical indices, and enhanced memory compared to diabetic control. Interestingly, diabetic HAART-AgNP-treated rats showed a significantly improved memory, increased GSH, SOD, and number of positive Nissl-stained neurons compared to diabetic-treated HAART only. CONCLUSION Administration of HAART to diabetic rats aggravates the complications of diabetes and promotes neurotoxic effects on the experimental rats, while HAART-loaded silver nanoparticle (HAART-AgNP) alleviates diabetes-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sodiq Kolawole Lawal
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ayobami Dare
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Edwin Coleridge S. Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - Carmen Olivia Rennie
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Private Bag 13301, Namibia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gaynanova G, Vasileva L, Kashapov R, Kuznetsova D, Kushnazarova R, Tyryshkina A, Vasilieva E, Petrov K, Zakharova L, Sinyashin O. Self-Assembling Drug Formulations with Tunable Permeability and Biodegradability. Molecules 2021; 26:6786. [PMID: 34833877 PMCID: PMC8624506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on key topics in the field of drug delivery related to the design of nanocarriers answering the biomedicine criteria, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and the ability to overcome biological barriers. For these reasons, much attention is paid to the amphiphile-based carriers composed of natural building blocks, lipids, and their structural analogues and synthetic surfactants that are capable of self-assembly with the formation of a variety of supramolecular aggregates. The latter are dynamic structures that can be used as nanocontainers for hydrophobic drugs to increase their solubility and bioavailability. In this section, biodegradable cationic surfactants bearing cleavable fragments are discussed, with ester- and carbamate-containing analogs, as well as amino acid derivatives received special attention. Drug delivery through the biological barriers is a challenging task, which is highlighted by the example of transdermal method of drug administration. In this paper, nonionic surfactants are primarily discussed, including their application for the fabrication of nanocarriers, their surfactant-skin interactions, the mechanisms of modulating their permeability, and the factors controlling drug encapsulation, release, and targeted delivery. Different types of nanocarriers are covered, including niosomes, transfersomes, invasomes and chitosomes, with their morphological specificity, beneficial characteristics and limitations discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Gaynanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (L.V.); (R.K.); (D.K.); (R.K.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (K.P.); (L.Z.); (O.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|