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Wang M, Gong Q, Zha C, Xu S, Yu D, Huang T, Feng Y, Sun H, Li J. Low-dose lipopolysaccharide inducing continuous and obvious increase in urinary protein in hyperglycemic rats and the underlying mechanism. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288876. [PMID: 37467292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is an important hallmark of diabetic nephropathy models, however it takes a long time for the proteinuria and is not stable. Therefore, low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated in this work to induce rapid and stable proteinuria in hyperglycemic rats and the underlying mechanism was studied. Hyperglycemia rats was induced by high-fat feeding combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After 21 days, the model rats received a subinjury dose of 0.8 mg / kg LPS intraperitoneally (i.p.). We detected related biochemical indexes at different time periods after LPS injection and examined the expression of glomerular podocyte-associated proteins. Simultaneously, we measured expression of inflammatory factors, apoptotic proteins and albumin (ALB) in the renal cortex and renal medulla, respectively. PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) staining was used to observe renal pathology. After LPS injection, urinary microalbumin (umALB) increased significantly and lasted longer. The expression of Nephrin, Podocin and necroptosis factor kappa B (NF-κB) in rennal cortex and Interleukin 18 (IL-18), Caspase-1, NF-κB and ALB in the renal medulla was significantly changed. Pathologically, the glomerular basement membrane was observed to be significantly thickened, the renal tubules were dilated, and the epithelial cells fell off in a circle. LPS promoted the continuous increase in urinary microalbumin in hyperglycemic rats, which was related to the damage to the glomerular basement membrane and renal tubular epithelial cells and to the inflammatory reaction in the kidney involved in NF-κB signaling, and this pathological damage can help to establish a stable model of diabetic nephropathy with increased proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Chenliang Zha
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of spleen and stomach, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Gong Q, Yin J, Wang M, Zha C, Yu D, Yang S, Feng Y, Li J, Du L. Anemoside B4 Exerts Hypoglycemic Effect by Regulating the Expression of GLUT4 in HFD/STZ Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030968. [PMID: 36770636 PMCID: PMC9921942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemoside B4 (B4) is a saponin that is extracted from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.), and Regel exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. However, its hypoglycemic activity in diabetes mellitus has not been evaluated. Here, we explored the effect of B4 on hyperglycemia and studied its underlying mechanism of lowering blood glucose based on hyperglycemic rats in vivo and L6 skeletal muscle cells (L6) in vitro. The rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for one month, combined with an intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to construct the animal model, and the drug was administrated for two weeks. Blood glucose was detected and the proteins and mRNA were expressed. Our study showed that B4 significantly diminished fasting blood glucose (FBG) and improved glucose metabolism. In addition, B4 facilitated glucose utilization in L6 cells. B4 could enhance the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in rat skeletal muscle and L6 cells. Mechanistically, B4 elevated the inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways. Furthermore, we confirmed the effect of B4 on glucose uptake involved in the enhancement of GLUT4 expression in part due to PI3K/AKT signaling by using a small molecule inhibitor assay and constructing a GLUT4 promoter plasmid. Taken together, our study found that B4 ameliorates hyperglycemia through the PI3K/AKT pathway and promotes GLUT4 initiation, showing a new perspective of B4 as a potential agent against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gong
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jilei Yin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Union Technical Institute Lianyungang Branch, Lianyungang 222007, China
| | - Mulan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chengliang Zha
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Dong Yu
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.D.); Tel.:+86-180-7009-0101 (J.L.); +791-8711-9785 (L.D.)
| | - Lijun Du
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.D.); Tel.:+86-180-7009-0101 (J.L.); +791-8711-9785 (L.D.)
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Wang S, Liu X, Liu Y. Hydrogen sulfide protects from acute kidney injury via attenuating inflammation activated by necroptosis in canine. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e72. [PMID: 36174977 PMCID: PMC9523336 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - XingYao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Heilingjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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