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Zhang TT, Zhang GC, Zeng FF, Liu CY, Mao JJ. Insulin-like peptides regulate vitellogenesis and oviposition in the green lacewing, Chrysopa septempunctata. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:148-154. [PMID: 27573159 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) act through a conserved insulin signaling pathway and play crucial roles in insect metabolism, growth, reproduction, and aging. Application of bovine insulin is able to increase vitellogenin (Vg) mRNA and protein levels in female insects. Here, we first show that injection of bovine insulin into previtellogenic Chrysopa septempunctata female adults promoted ovarian growth, increased Vg protein abundance, elevated reproductive performance, and enhanced protease activity. These data suggested that ILPs play crucial roles in reproductive regulation of the green lacewing, C. septempunctata.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040,China
| | - G C Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040,China
| | - F F Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Ministry of Agriculture,Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
| | - C Y Liu
- Food Crops Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China
| | - J J Mao
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Ministry of Agriculture,Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
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Valenzuela-Muñoz V, Gallardo-Escárate C. Transcriptome mining: Multigene panel to test delousing drug response in the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi. Mar Genomics 2015; 25:103-113. [PMID: 26723558 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Controlling infestations of copepodid ectoparasites in the salmon industry is increasingly problematic given higher instances of drug resistance or loss of sensitivity. Despite the importance of this issue, the molecular mechanisms and genes implicated in resistance/susceptibility are only scarcely understood. The objective of the present study was to identify and evaluate the expression levels of candidate genes associated with delousing drug response in the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi. From RNA-seq data obtained for adult male and female sea lice, 62.48 M reads were assembled in 70,349 high-quality contigs. BLASTX analysis against UniprotKB/Swiss-Prot and the ESTs available for crustaceans in the NCBI database identified 870 transcripts previously related to genes associated with delousing drug response. Furthermore, 14 candidate genes were validated through RT-qPCR and were evaluated with deltamethrin and azamethiphos bioassays. The results evidenced an overregulation of genes involved in ion transport in salmon lice treated with deltamethrin, while those treated with azamethiphos evidenced an overregulation of genes such as cytochrome P450, Carboxylesterase, and acetylcholine receptors. The present study provides a multigene panel to test delousing drug response to pyrethroids and organophosphates in a highly prevalent pathogen of the Chilean salmon industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Valenzuela-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Chile
| | - C Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Chile.
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Abbas N, Mansoor MM, Shad SA, Pathan AK, Waheed A, Ejaz M, Razaq M, Zulfiqar MA. Fitness cost and realized heritability of resistance to spinosad in Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 104:707-715. [PMID: 25033090 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea is a key biological control agent employed in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for managing various insect pests. Spinosad is used for the management of pests in ornamental plants, fruit trees, vegetable and field crops all over the world, including Pakistan. A field-collected population of C. carnea was selected with spinosad and fitness costs and realized heritability were investigated. After selection for five generations, C. carnea developed 12.65- and 73.37-fold resistance to spinosad compared to the field and UNSEL populations. The resistant population had a relative fitness of 1.47, with substantially higher emergence rate of healthy adults, fecundity and hatchability and shorter larval duration, pupal duration, and development time as compared to a susceptible laboratory population. Mean relative growth rate of larvae, intrinsic rate of natural population increase and biotic potential was higher for the spinosad-selected population compared to the susceptible laboratory population. Chrysoperla species are known to show resistance to insecticides which makes the predator compatible with most IPM systems. The realized heritability (h 2) value of spinosad resistance was 0.37 in spinosad-selected population of C. carnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abbas
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan,Pakistan
| | - M M Mansoor
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan,Pakistan
| | - S A Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan,Pakistan
| | - A K Pathan
- Arid Zone Research Institute (PARC),UmerKot,Pakistan
| | - A Waheed
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan,Pakistan
| | - M Ejaz
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan,Pakistan
| | - M Razaq
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan,Pakistan
| | - M A Zulfiqar
- Arid Zone Research Institute (PARC),Multan,Pakistan
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Porcel M, Ruano F, Cotes B, Peña A, Campos M. Agricultural management systems affect the green lacewing community (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in olive orchards in southern Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 42:97-106. [PMID: 23339790 DOI: 10.1603/en11338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Green lacewings are generalist predators whose conservation is important for pest control in olive orchards (Olea europaea L.) Sustainable farming practices, as opposed to conventional management techniques, are believed to foster the presence of natural enemies. This study therefore aims to analyze the effect of 1) herbicidal weed cover removal and insecticide applications, and 2) the general management systems used in the olive orchards of southern Spain on chrysopid assemblages and abundance. Green lacewing adults and larvae were collected from olive orchards under conventional, integrated, and organic management systems. In addition, chemical analyses of residues were carried out to determine the presence of insecticidal and herbicidal residues. Eight adult species and three genera of larvae were identified. No rare species were captured from the most intensively farmed orchard, which therefore recorded the most limited chrysopid diversity with a very marked dominance of Chrysoperla carnea s.l.. No effect of dimethoate treatments on Chrysoperla larvae or C. carnea s.l. adults was observed. However, the presence of insecticide residues was associated with the depletion of Dichochrysa larvae. The absence of herbicide treatments favored C. carnea s.l. adult presence on olive trees while larval abundance decreased. Dichochrysa larvae were more abundant when weed cover received no treatment. In relation to the management systems studied, no difference in Chrysoperla larval abundance was observed between conventional and organic orchards. However, Dichochrysa larvae were more abundant in orchards under organic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Porcel
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental de Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda n° 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Alvarez-Alfageme F, Maharramov J, Carrillo L, Vandenabeele S, Vercammen D, Van Breusegem F, Smagghe G. Potential use of a serpin from Arabidopsis for pest control. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20278. [PMID: 21655276 PMCID: PMC3104999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although genetically modified (GM) plants expressing toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protect agricultural crops against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests, field-evolved resistance to Bt toxins has been reported for populations of several lepidopteran species. Moreover, some important agricultural pests, like phloem-feeding insects, are not susceptible to Bt crops. Complementary pest control strategies are therefore necessary to assure that the benefits provided by those insect-resistant transgenic plants are not compromised and to target those pests that are not susceptible. Experimental GM plants producing plant protease inhibitors have been shown to confer resistance against a wide range of agricultural pests. In this study we assessed the potential of AtSerpin1, a serpin from Arabidopsis thaliana (L). Heynh., for pest control. In vitro assays were conducted with a wide range of pests that rely mainly on either serine or cysteine proteases for digestion and also with three non-target organisms occurring in agricultural crops. AtSerpin1 inhibited proteases from all pest and non-target species assayed. Subsequently, the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval and the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) were fed on artificial diets containing AtSerpin1, and S. littoralis was also fed on transgenic Arabidopsis plants overproducing AtSerpin1. AtSerpin1 supplied in the artificial diet or by transgenic plants reduced the growth of S. littoralis larvae by 65% and 38%, respectively, relative to controls. Nymphs of A. pisum exposed to diets containing AtSerpin1 suffered high mortality levels (LC50 = 637 µg ml−1). The results indicate that AtSerpin1 is a good candidate for exploitation in pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alvarez-Alfageme
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- * E-mail: (F-AA); (GS)
| | - Jafar Maharramov
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Laura Carrillo
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Steven Vandenabeele
- VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Vercammen
- VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- * E-mail: (F-AA); (GS)
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Gatehouse AMR, Ferry N, Edwards MG, Bell HA. Insect-resistant biotech crops and their impacts on beneficial arthropods. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:1438-52. [PMID: 21444317 PMCID: PMC3081576 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With a projected population of 10 billion by 2050, an immediate priority for agriculture is to achieve increased crop yields in a sustainable and cost-effective way. The concept of using a transgenic approach was realized in the mid-1990s with the commercial introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops. By 2010, the global value of the seed alone was US $11.2 billion, with commercial biotech maize, soya bean grain and cotton valued at approximately US $150 billion. In recent years, it has become evident that insect-resistant crops expressing δ-endotoxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis have made a significant beneficial impact on global agriculture, not least in terms of pest reduction and improved quality. However, because of the potential for pest populations to evolve resistance, and owing to lack of effective control of homopteran pests, alternative strategies are being developed. Some of these are based on Bacillus spp. or other insect pathogens, while others are based on the use of plant- and animal-derived genes. However, if such approaches are to play a useful role in crop protection, it is desirable that they do not have a negative impact on beneficial organisms at higher trophic levels thus affecting the functioning of the agro-ecosystem. This widely held concern over the ecological impacts of GM crops has led to the extensive examination of the potential effects of a range of transgene proteins on non-target and beneficial insects. The findings to date with respect to both commercial and experimental GM crops expressing anti-insect genes are discussed here, with particular emphasis on insect predators and parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M R Gatehouse
- School of Biology, Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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Recommendations for the design of laboratory studies on non-target arthropods for risk assessment of genetically engineered plants. Transgenic Res 2010; 20:1-22. [PMID: 20938806 PMCID: PMC3018611 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides recommendations on experimental design for early-tier laboratory studies used in risk assessments to evaluate potential adverse impacts of arthropod-resistant genetically engineered (GE) plants on non-target arthropods (NTAs). While we rely heavily on the currently used proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in this discussion, the concepts apply to other arthropod-active proteins. A risk may exist if the newly acquired trait of the GE plant has adverse effects on NTAs when they are exposed to the arthropod-active protein. Typically, the risk assessment follows a tiered approach that starts with laboratory studies under worst-case exposure conditions; such studies have a high ability to detect adverse effects on non-target species. Clear guidance on how such data are produced in laboratory studies assists the product developers and risk assessors. The studies should be reproducible and test clearly defined risk hypotheses. These properties contribute to the robustness of, and confidence in, environmental risk assessments for GE plants. Data from NTA studies, collected during the analysis phase of an environmental risk assessment, are critical to the outcome of the assessment and ultimately the decision taken by regulatory authorities on the release of a GE plant. Confidence in the results of early-tier laboratory studies is a precondition for the acceptance of data across regulatory jurisdictions and should encourage agencies to share useful information and thus avoid redundant testing.
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