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Gao H, Liu F, Han C, Liu X, Zhou L, Zhang J, Wang R, Zou N, Zhang D, Mu W, Zhang Y, Liu F. A novel approach to managing facility airborne diseases: suppressing air pathogens with smoke aerosols generated from fungicide phase transition. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:5918-5928. [PMID: 39032156 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental microorganisms are major contributors to the development and spread of disease. Chemical disinfection can inhibit pathogens and play a preventive role against diseases. In agriculture, prolonging the floating time of chemical pesticides in the air has a positive effect on the control of airborne diseases. However, the interaction of chemical pesticides with airborne pathogens is not yet known. RESULTS Here, triazole fungicide was transformed into stable smoke aerosols in order to assess the feasibility of employing phase transition release pesticides for air disinfection. The phase transition had a minimal impact on hexaconazole (Hexa) and myclobutanil (Mycl), with their smoke formation rates remaining consistently >90%. In microscopic morphology, triadimenol (Tria) and epoxiconazole (Epox) are solid, and tebuconazole (Tebu), Hexa, Mycl and difenoconazole (Dife) are liquid. Liquid smoke has advantages over solid smoke in the inhibition of environmental pathogens. The floatability and spatial distribution of fungicide aerosol were optimized by the combination of smoke particles with different properties, so that the fungicide aerosol could meet the conditions of practical application. In practical applications, smoke exhibits a gentler deposition process at the target interface compared to spray, along with a more homogeneous distribution of fungicides. Moreover, fungicide smoke demonstrates superior control efficacy and leaves behind lower residual amounts on fruit. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the implementation of fungicide phase transition as a smoke aerosol offers a viable approach to effectively suppress pathogen aerosols and enhance the control of airborne diseases. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqi Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochi Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shandong Province Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- Shandong Siyuan Agricultural Development Co., Ltd, Zibo, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxia Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- Shandong Province Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
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Sun D, Hu J, Huang X, Luo W, Song S, Xue X. Study on the Improvement of Droplet Penetration Effect by Nozzle Tilt Angle under the Influence of Orthogonal Side Wind. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2685. [PMID: 38732791 PMCID: PMC11086260 DOI: 10.3390/s24092685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of varying side wind velocities and nozzle inclination angles on droplet penetration during plant protection spraying operations, focusing on citrus trees. Experiments were conducted across four wind speed levels (0, 1, 2, 3 m/s) perpendicular to the nozzle direction and seven nozzle inclination levels (0°, 8°, 15°, 23°, 30°, 38°, 45°) to evaluate droplet distribution under different spraying parameters. A baseline condition with 0 m/s wind speed and a 0° nozzle angle served as the control. Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and regression analysis techniques in conjunction with field trials, the droplet penetration was analyzed. Results indicate that at constant wind speeds, adjusting the nozzle inclination angle against the direction of the side wind can significantly enhance droplet deposition in the canopy, with a 23° inclination providing the optimal increase in deposition volume, averaging a change of +16.705 μL/cm2. Multivariate nonlinear regression analysis revealed that both wind speed and nozzle inclination angle significantly affect the droplet penetration ratio, demonstrating a correlation between these factors, with wind speed exerting a greater impact than nozzle angle. Increasing the nozzle inclination angle at higher wind speeds improves the penetration ratio, with the optimal parameters being a 23° angle and 3 m/s wind speed, showing a 12.6% improvement over the control. The model fitted for the impact of nozzle angle and wind speed on droplet penetration was validated through field experiments, identifying optimal angles for enhancing penetration at wind speeds of 1, 2, and 3 m/s as 8°, 17°, and 25°, respectively. This research provides insights for improving droplet penetration techniques in plant protection operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozong Sun
- College of Electronic Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Monitoring Agricultural Information, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junyutai Hu
- College of Electronic Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinghan Huang
- College of Electronic Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenhao Luo
- College of Electronic Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuran Song
- College of Electronic Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Monitoring Agricultural Information, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiuyun Xue
- College of Electronic Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Bayat A, İtmeç M, Özlüoymak ÖB. Development and assessment of a novel servo-controlled spraying system for real time adjustment of the orientation angle of the nozzles of a boom sprayer. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4439-4450. [PMID: 37405577 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide spray drift, which is the movement of pesticide by wind to any location other than the intended area, is hazardous to human, animal, food safety and environmental health. It is not possible to completely eliminate spray drift during spraying with field crop sprayers, but spray drift can be reduced by developing new technologies. The most common methods to reduce spray drift are carrying the droplets to the target with air-assisted spraying, electrostatic spraying, preferring air induction nozzles and boom shields. With these methods, it is not possible to make a change on the sprayer depending on the wind intensity during spraying. In this study, a novel servo-controlled spraying system was designed and developed to change the nozzle orientation angle in the reverse direction of the wind current to reduce the ground spray drift in real time and automatically in a wind tunnel. The displacement in the spray pattern (Dc ) was used as a ground drift indicator for each nozzle to evaluate the spray drift. RESULTS The developed system, operated by LabVIEW software, calculated different nozzle orientation angles depending on nozzle types, wind velocities and spraying pressures. Orientation angles calculated for different test conditions achieved in reduction were up to 49.01% for XR11002 nozzle, 32.82% for AIXR11002 nozzle and 32.31% for TTJ6011002 nozzle at 400 kPa spray pressure and 2.5 m s-1 wind velocity. CONCLUSION The developed system, which has a self-decision mechanism, calculated the nozzle orientation angle instantaneously according to the wind velocity. It has been observed that the adjustable spraying nozzle system, sprayed with high precision towards the wind in the wind tunnel, and the developed system have advantages compared to conventional spraying systems. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bayat
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Medet İtmeç
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ömer Barış Özlüoymak
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Guo S, Yao W, Xu T, Ma H, Sun M, Chen C, Lan Y. Assessing the application of spot spray in Nanguo pear orchards: Effect of nozzle type, spray volume rate and adjuvant. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3564-3575. [PMID: 35598076 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerial spray is one of the most important applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in agriculture. This work aimed to promote the use of UAVs as an alternative to knapsack electric sprayers in pesticide application in Nanguo pear orchards planted in mountain terraced orchard scenarios. The spray deposition of four types of nozzles (SX110015, XR80015, IDK90015 and TR80015), two spray volume rates (45 and 90 L ha-1 ) and with or without a commercial surfactant adjuvant were evaluated based on the spot spray mode. RESULTS The air- assisted IDK90015 nozzle showed significantly higher deposition and penetration, and its large droplet size also reduced the risk of drift. Increasing the spray volume rate can increase the amount of droplets deposition. The adjuvant showed excellent potential to improve spray technology in Nanguo pear trees, with a mean deposition of 0.175-0.574 μL cm-2 and penetration of 3.09-66.73%. The droplet size also increased significantly, with volume median diameter (DV0.5 ) of 469 μm. CONCLUSION The nozzle type, spray volume rate and adjuvant should be well considered when using the spot spray in orchard. Compared with increasing spray volume rate, the use of air-induction nozzles and surfactant-based adjuvants can improve the spray deposition better. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weixiang Yao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Shenyang, China
| | - Tongyu Xu
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Mujun Sun
- Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunling Chen
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Shenyang, China
| | - Yubin Lan
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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Lewis MT, Hamby KA. Optimizing Caneberry Spray Coverage for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Management on Diversified Fruit Farms. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2820-2831. [PMID: 33128449 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spray coverage may influence the efficacy of insecticides targeting the invasive vinegar fly Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), a primary pest of raspberries and blackberries. In commercially managed caneberries, spray coverage is typically lowest in the inner and lower plant canopy, regions that overlap with higher levels of adult D. suzukii activity. To understand how spray coverage of fruit impacts efficacy against D. suzukii, laboratory bioassays were conducted using raspberries. In laboratory bioassays, higher spray coverage did not impact larval infestation rates but did increase adult mortality, indicating that flies can avoid a lethal dose of insecticide when applications do not achieve adequate coverage. We also evaluated how carrier water volume impacts spray coverage patterns throughout the canopy of raspberry and blackberry plants using both airblast and CO2 backpack sprayers. Increasing carrier water volume generally improved spray coverage in the lower plant canopy. However, effects in the upper plant canopy were inconsistent and varied between sprayer types. In addition to carrier water volume, other approaches, including adjusting the pesticide sprayer equipment used and/or sprayer calibration, should also be explored to improve coverage. Growers should evaluate spray coverage in their caneberries to identify and troubleshoot coverage issues. Results from this study indicate that taking the time to optimize this aspect of pesticide application may improve chemical management of D. suzukii and will likely also improve control of other important caneberry pests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly A Hamby
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD
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Hua D, Zheng X, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Wan Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Wu Q. Assessing Pesticide Residue and Spray Deposition in Greenhouse Eggplant Canopies to Improve Residue Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11920-11927. [PMID: 32970426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residue analysis is critically important for ensuring food safety and regulating international trade. In a greenhouse setting, we assessed pesticide residue and exposure patterns using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and Allura Red tracer analysis. Our results show significant effects of eggplant canopy position and spray concentration on deposition parameters. Specifically, spray coverage, spray density, deposition, and residue were generally greater for leaves in the higher canopy. Deposition and residue, unlike spray coverage and spray density, linearly correlated with spray concentration. Pesticide residues on leaves linearly correlated with depositions on artificial targets, and a correction factor was constructed to estimate residues from tracer depositions. This comparative analysis suggests that tracer analysis using Allura Red in combination with artificial targets is a time- and cost-saving alternative to conventional residue analysis for assessing spray parameters under high-volume spraying scenarios. A better understanding of pesticide residue and spray patterns will not only enhance the safety of our food supply chain but also improve pest control efficacy within the sustainable integrated pest management framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Hua
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanran Wan
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Yoon J, An H, Kim N, Tak JH. Efficacy of Seven Commercial Household Aerosol Insecticides and Formulation-Dependent Toxicity Against Asian Tiger Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1560-1566. [PMID: 32300813 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the indoor and outdoor pest controls, various types of insecticide formulations are available including aerosols, sprays, electric vaporizers, mosquito coils, and traps. In the present study, the insecticidal activity of aerosols, the most commonly used formulation of household insecticides for mosquito control, against Aedes albopictus (Skuse) was assessed using seven commercial products and some attributes which can affect the efficacy of aerosol were investigated as well. The products had difference in their chemical composition of active ingredients, propellant/liquid phase ratios, solvent types, and nozzle orifice sizes, and these characteristics seem to affect the overall insecticidal activity. In general, solvent type dominantly determined the insecticidal activity, where four products in oil-based solvent system showed greater mortality (97.5% in average) than water-based aerosols (38.3% in average) against the mosquitoes located at the far side of the test chamber. The contribution of solvent type and nozzle orifice size were further examined with the sample aerosols, and the orifice size were determined more influential to the spray distance. Regardless of solvent types, the sample products attached to a bigger actuator (0.96 mm in diameter) showed greater knock-down activity (>98%) than the smaller ones (0.48 mm, 62.5% in average) to the back panel in the chamber. On the other hand, solvent system significantly affected the residual activity, as the oil-based and water-based aerosols showed 2.3- and 4.8-fold decrease in KT50 values, respectively, between 1 and 10 min after the spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huijun An
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Namjin Kim
- Division of Research & Development, Henkel Home Care Korea Ltd, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Tak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Rincón VJ, Grella M, Marucco P, Alcatrão LE, Sanchez-Hermosilla J, Balsari P. Spray performance assessment of a remote-controlled vehicle prototype for pesticide application in greenhouse tomato crops. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138509. [PMID: 32305758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intensive horticultural production is a sector seeking to provide high-quality foods by means of safe and sustainable procedures in compliance with regulations. This requires improvements in the spraying technologies since currently plant protection products are applied by means of hand-held equipment due to its lower cost and easy maintenance. In order to fulfil these requirements, a remote-controlled vehicle prototype (ROBOT SPRAY) was used. After optimizing the spray profile and the air assistance system of the "ROBOT SPRAY" sprayer in laboratory, its performance using two different nozzle sets (full cone and hollow cone) with and without air assistance was compared with those of a spray gun in a greenhouse tomato crop. The spray deposition on canopy, spray coverage and losses to soil were assessed. The "ROBOT SPRAY" provided better penetration and coverage on the underside of the leaves while no improvement was shown with the use of air assistance. Overall, a higher spray deposition was observed for the full cone nozzles when compared to hollow cone nozzles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Rincón
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Marco Grella
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Paolo Marucco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Leandro Eloi Alcatrão
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Julian Sanchez-Hermosilla
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Paolo Balsari
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Gao S, Wang G, Zhou Y, Wang M, Yang D, Yuan H, Yan X. Water-soluble food dye of Allura Red as a tracer to determine the spray deposition of pesticide on target crops. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2592-2597. [PMID: 30927304 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of spray deposition on a target crop is of vital importance to optimize pesticide application. In traditional determinations of spray deposition, a large amount of organic solvent is used to extract pesticides from the target crops. In this study, a water-soluble food dye of Allura Red was developed as a tracer to determine pesticide spray deposition on a rice target crop. RESULTS The addition of Allura Red does not obviously alter the physicochemical properties of pesticides (viscosity, density and surface tension) and droplet spectra. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analytical method was developed and validated to determine the deposition amount of Allura Red on rice plants. Method accuracy and precision for Allura Red were found to be satisfactory with recoveries of 96.07% to 107.48%. To validate the method, comparative deposition analyses were carried out using representative systematic and non-systematic pesticides (nitenpyram and chlorothalonil) under the same spraying scenarios using a Potter spray tower. Allura Red and pesticides showed comparable deposition under the same application conditions with ratios from 0.98 to 1.21. A field trial using an unmanned aerial vehicle sprayer further indicated that the deposition rates for Allura Red and nitenpyram on rice seedling were 13.04% and 11.07%, with corresponding relative standard deviation values (n = 5) of 16.39% and 18.79%. CONCLUSION A laboratory test and field trial confirmed that the developed method of using Allura Red as a tracer for spray deposition assessment is feasible and practicable. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saichao Gao
- Department of Pesticide sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Pesticide sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Pesticide sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Pesticide sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Daibin Yang
- Department of Pesticide sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhu Yuan
- Department of Pesticide sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Pesticide sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zwertvaegher IK, Van Daele I, Verheesen P, Peferoen M, Nuyttens D. Development and implementation of a laboratory spray device and rainfall simulator for retention research using small amounts of agroformulations. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:123-129. [PMID: 27283995 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rainfall greatly affects the retention of foliar-applied agroformulations. Improving their resistance to wash-off is therefore of great importance in spray applications. When developing such formulations, small-scale laboratory assays are generally required. A set-up for retention studies using only small amounts of agroformulations (<0.5 L) was developed. The set-up consists of a spray device and a rainfall simulator. The effect of rain quantity (1, 3, 6 mm) on the spray retention of agroformulations was evaluated using this set-up. RESULTS The data showed that uniform and repeatable spraying was achieved with the small-scale spray device (coefficient of variation 23.4%) on potato pot plants (Solanum tuberosum L.). Rain quantity significantly affected the spray retention. Approximately 40% of the initial deposition was lost after 1 mm of rain at an intensity of 25 mm h-1 . Additional losses decreased with increasing volumes of rain (65 and 80% loss after 3 and 6 mm of rain respectively). CONCLUSION Future studies could implement the set-up to evaluate the effect of different rainfall characteristics and formulations on spray retention in order to improve the rainfastness of agroformulations. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Ka Zwertvaegher
- The Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Agricultural Engineering, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - David Nuyttens
- The Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Agricultural Engineering, Merelbeke, Belgium
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11
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Van Damme VM, Beck BK, Berckmoes E, Moerkens R, Wittemans L, De Vis R, Nuyttens D, Casteels HF, Maes M, Tirry L, De Clercq P. Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against larvae of Tuta absoluta in the laboratory. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1702-1709. [PMID: 26620187 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated the control potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against Tuta absoluta. Here, the potential of Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is studied when applied against larvae of T. absoluta inside leaf mines in tomato leaf discs by means of an automated spray boom. RESULTS The studied EPN species were effective against all four larval instars of T. absoluta but caused higher mortality in the later instars (e.g. fourth instar: 77.1-97.4% mortality) than in the first instars (36.8-60.0% mortality). Overall, S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae yielded better results than H. bacteriophora. Steinernema carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora performed better at 25 °C (causing 55.3 and 97.4% mortality respectively) than at 18 °C (causing 12.5 and 34.2% mortality respectively), whereas S. feltiae caused 100% mortality at both temperatures. Under optimal spraying conditions and with the use of Addit and Silwet L-77 adjuvants, a reduced dosage of 6.8 infective juveniles (IJs) cm(-2) yielded equally good control as a recommended dosage of 27.3 IJs cm(-2) . CONCLUSION Under laboratory conditions, S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae showed good potential against the larvae of T. absoluta inside tomato leaf mines. Results need to be confirmed in greenhouse experiments. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle M Van Damme
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bert Keg Beck
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Els Berckmoes
- Research Station for Vegetable Production, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Rob Moerkens
- Tomato Research, Research Centre Hoogstraten, Hoogstraten, Belgium
| | - Lieve Wittemans
- Research Station for Vegetable Production, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Raf De Vis
- Research Station for Vegetable Production, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - David Nuyttens
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hans F Casteels
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Martine Maes
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Tirry
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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12
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Spray Droplet Characterization from a Single Nozzle by High Speed Image Analysis Using an In-Focus Droplet Criterion. SENSORS 2016; 16:218. [PMID: 26861338 PMCID: PMC4801594 DOI: 10.3390/s16020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate spray characterization helps to better understand the pesticide spray application process. The goal of this research was to present the proof of principle of a droplet size and velocity measuring technique for different types of hydraulic spray nozzles using a high speed backlight image acquisition and analysis system. As only part of the drops of an agricultural spray can be in focus at any given moment, an in-focus criterion based on the gray level gradient was proposed to decide whether a given droplet is in focus or not. In a first experiment, differently sized droplets were generated with a piezoelectric generator and studied to establish the relationship between size and in-focus characteristics. In a second experiment, it was demonstrated that droplet sizes and velocities from a real sprayer could be measured reliably in a non-intrusive way using the newly developed image acquisition set-up and image processing. Measured droplet sizes ranged from 24 μm to 543 μm, depending on the nozzle type and size. Droplet velocities ranged from around 0.5 m/s to 12 m/s. The droplet size and velocity results were compared and related well with the results obtained with a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA).
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13
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Foqué D, Pieters JG, Nuyttens D. Effect of spray angle and spray volume on deposition of a medium droplet spray with air support in ivy pot plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:427-439. [PMID: 23716397 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spray boom systems, an alternative to the predominantly-used spray guns, have the potential to considerably improve crop protection management in glasshouses. Based on earlier experiments, the further optimization of the deposits of a medium spray quality extended range flat fan nozzle type using easy adjustable spray boom settings was examined. Using mineral chelate tracers and water sensitive papers, the spray results were monitored at three plant levels, on the upper side and the underside of the leaves, and on some off-target collectors. In addition, the deposition datasets of all tree experiments were compared. RESULTS The data showed that the most efficient spray distribution with the medium spray quality flat fan nozzles was found with a 30° forward angled spray combined with air support and an application rate of 1000 L ha(-1) . This technique resulted in a more uniform deposition in the dense canopy and increased spray deposition on the lower side of the leaves compared with the a standard spray boom application. Applying 1000 L ha(-1) in two subsequent runs instead of one did not seem to show any added value. CONCLUSION Spray deposition can be improved hugely simply by changing some spray boom settings like nozzle type, angling the spray, using air support and adjusting the spray volume to the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Foqué
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Agricultural Engineering, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115, bus 1, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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14
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Beck B, Brusselman E, Nuyttens D, Moens M, Temmerman F, Pollet S, Van Weyenberg S, Spanoghe P. Improving the biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes against Mamestra brassicae: effect of spray application technique, adjuvants and an attractant. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:103-112. [PMID: 23512412 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), is a potential biological control agent for the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae L.). This research aimed to identify a suitable spray application technique, and to determine whether yeast extract added to an EPN spray has an attracting and/or a feeding stimulant effect on M. brassicae. The biological control capabilities of EPN against this pest were examined in the field. RESULTS Good coverage of the underside of cauliflower leaves, the habitat of young instar larvae (L1-L4) of M. brassicae was obtained using different spray boom configurations with vertical extensions that carried underleaf spraying nozzles. One of the configurations was selected for field testing with an EPN spray. Brewer's yeast extract stimulated larval feeding on leaves, and increased the mortality of these larvae when exposed to EPN. The field trial showed that a spray application with S. carpocapsae, Addit and xanthan gum can effectively lower the numbers of cabbage heads damaged by M. brassicae. Brewer's yeast extract did not significantly increase this field performance of EPN. CONCLUSION Steinernema carpocapsae, applied with an appropriate spray technique, can be used within biological control schemes as part of a resistance management programme for Bt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Beck
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Agricultural Engineering, Merelbeke, Belgium
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15
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Espanhol-Soares M, Nociti LAS, Machado-Neto JG. Procedures to evaluate the efficiency of protective clothing worn by operators applying pesticide. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2013; 57:1041-53. [PMID: 23813887 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/met023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the efficiency of whole-body protective clothing against pesticides has already been carried out through field tests and procedures defined by international standards, but there is a need to determine the useful life of these garments to ensure worker safety. The aim of this article is to compare the procedures for evaluating efficiency of two whole-body protective garments, both new and previously used by applicators of herbicides, using a laboratory test with a mannequin and in the field with the operator. The evaluation of the efficiency of protective clothing used both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, leading to a proposal for classification according to efficiency, and determination of the useful life of protective clothing for use against pesticides, based on a quantitative assessment. The procedures used were in accordance with the standards of the modified American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F 1359:2007 and International Organization for Standardization 17491-4. The protocol used in the field was World Health Organization Vector Biology and Control (VBC)/82.1. Clothing tested was personal water repellent and pesticide protective. Two varieties of fabric were tested: Beige (100% cotton) and Camouflaged (31% polyester and 69% cotton). The efficiency in exposure control of the personal protective clothing was measured before use and after 5, 10, 20, and 30 uses and washes under field conditions. Personal protective clothing was worn by workers in the field during the application of the herbicide glyphosate on weed species in mature sugar cane plantations using a knapsack sprayer. The modified ASTM 1359:2007 procedure was chosen as the most appropriate due to its greater repeatability (lower coefficient of variation). This procedure provides quantitative evaluation needed to determine the efficiency and useful life of individual protective clothing, not just at specific points of failure, but according to dermal protection as a whole. The qualitative assessment, which is suitable for verification of garment design and stitching flaws, does not aid in determining useful life, but does complement the quantitative evaluation. The proposed classification is appropriate and accurate for determining the useful life of personal protective clothing against pesticide materials relative to number of uses and washes after each use. For example, the Beige garment had a useful life of 30 uses and washes, while the Camouflaged garment had a useful life of 5 uses and washes. The quantitative evaluation aids in determining the efficiency and useful life of individual protective clothing according to dermal protection as a whole, not just at specific points of failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Espanhol-Soares
- Institute of Science, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Avenue BPS, 1303, Itajubá, Minas Gerais 37500-903, Brazil
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Brusselman E, Beck B, Pollet S, Temmerman F, Spanoghe P, Moens M, Nuyttens D. Effect of spray volume on the deposition, viability and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes in a foliar spray on vegetables. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2012; 68:1413-1418. [PMID: 22674828 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spray volume can influence the amount of free water on the leaf surface and subsequently the ability of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) to move. In this study, an investigation was made of the effect of spray volume (548, 730 and 1095 L ha(-1) ) on the deposition, viability and infectivity of EPNs against Galleria mellonella on savoy cabbage, cauliflower and leek. RESULTS Increasing spray volume decreased nematode deposition on 7.1 cm2 leek leaf discs at a 15° angle with the spray nozzle. Although the number of living nematodes observed on leek after 240 min of exposure was not significantly different between the low-volume application (548 L ha(-1) ) and the high-volume application (1095 L ha(-1) ), a greater infectivity was obtained in the latter application. The higher number of droplets deposited on the leek discs in the high-volume application may have stimulated nematode movement. No significant effect of spray volume was observed on the relative deposition of Steinernema carpocapsae on the bottom side of cauliflower and savoy cabbage leaf discs. In spite of the low S. carpocapsae deposition on the bottom side of the savoy cabbage discs, high infectivity was obtained against G. mellonella. Using the lowest spray volume on savoy cabbage, infectivity decreased with increasing exposure time, while infectivity was not affected by exposure time when a spray volume of 730 L ha(-1) or more was used. CONCLUSION Spray volume is an important application parameter, as it affects nematode infectivity. Future research should investigate the effect of spray volume in the field and its influence on the effect of adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Brusselman
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Agricultural Engineering, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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17
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Brusselman E, Beck B, Pollet S, Temmerman F, Spanoghe P, Moens M, Nuyttens D. Effect of the spray application technique on the deposition of entomopathogenic nematodes in vegetables. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2012; 68:444-453. [PMID: 22045507 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study compared entomopathogenic nematode delivery at the base of savoy cabbage and cauliflower, at the lower side of savoy cabbage and cauliflower leaves and in leek stems and the ground deposition using a five-nozzle spray boom equipped with an ISO 08 flat fan, an air induction flat fan and Twinjet spray nozzles. Additionally, an air support system and a row application system were evaluated. RESULTS Approximately 40% of the applied nematodes did not reach the foot of the cabbage plants. The use of an air support system or a row application system improved nematode deposition at the savoy cabbage base. Relative nematode deposition on the lower side of savoy cabbage leaves was 27.20%, while only 2.64% of the applied nematodes reached the lower side of cauliflower leaves. After spraying leek with a standard boom, a low relative nematode deposition (26.64%) was measured in the leek stem. Nozzle type affected the distribution of nematodes in droplet spots. CONCLUSION Nozzle type has a minor effect on the number of entomopathogenic nematodes delivered on difficult-to-reach targets. The use of modified spray application techniques directing the spray to the target site are necessary to increase the chances of contact of entomopathogenic nematodes with their target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Brusselman
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Agricultural Engineering, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, ILVO, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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