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Wang YC, Chang YW, Gong WR, Hu J, Du YZ. The development of abamectin resistance in Liriomyza trifolii and its contribution to thermotolerance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2053-2060. [PMID: 38131224 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liriomyza trifolii is an economically significant, invasive pest of horticultural and vegetable crops. The larvae form tunnels in foliage and hasten senescence and death. Outbreaks of L. trifolii often erupt in hot weather and are driven by thermotolerance; furthermore, the poor effectiveness of pesticides has made outbreaks more severe. But it is still unclear whether the development of insecticide tolerance will contribute to thermotolerance in L. trifolii. RESULTS To explore potential synergistic relationships between insecticide exposure and thermotolerance in L. trifolii, we first generated an abamectin-resistant (AB-R) strain. Knockdown behavior, eclosion and survival rates, and expression levels of genes encoding heat shock proteins (Hsps) in L. trifolii were then examined in AB-R and abamectin-susceptible (AB-S) strains. Our results demonstrated that long-term selection pressure for abamectin resistance made L. trifolii more prone to develop cross-resistance to other insecticides containing similar ingredients. Furthermore, the AB-R strain exhibited enhanced thermotolerance and possessed an elevated critical thermal maximum temperature, and upregulated expression levels of Hsps during heat stress. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results indicate that thermal adaptation in L. trifolii was accompanied by emerging abamectin resistance. This study provides a theoretical basis for investigating the synergistic or cross-adaptive mechanisms that insects use to cope with adversity and demonstrates the complexity of insect adaptation to environmental and chemical stress. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Rong Gong
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Liu MJ, Hwang BS, Jin CZ, Li WJ, Park DJ, Seo ST, Kim CJ. Screening, isolation and evaluation of a nematicidal compound from actinomycetes against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1585-1593. [PMID: 30461185 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a migratory endoparasitic nematode known to cause severe environmental damage and economic losses in pine forest ecosystems. This present study investigated the nematicidal metabolites of actinomycetes in vitro and evaluated the disease control efficacy of the active compound and metabolites under greenhouse and field conditions. RESULTS Five thousand types of actinobacteria from Korean forest soil samples were screened to identify novel nematicidal agents against the pine wood nematode. Streptomyces sp. AN091965 showed the strongest nematicidal activity. One active compound, spectinabilin, was obtained by nematicidal asssy-directed fractionation, and it showed significant nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus, with an LC50 value of 0.84 µg mL-1 . Spectinabilin effectively suppressed the development of pine wilt disease in 5-year-old Pinus densiflora trees, even at 0.9 mg per tree under greenhouse conditions. Moreover, the acetone extract of the active strain's mycelia efficiently suppressed the development of pine wilt disease under field conditions. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this the first report to describe the nematicidal activity of spectinabilin against B. xylophilus. The cell extracts described herein merit further field studies as potential nematicides against the pine wood nematode. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jiao Liu
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byung-Soon Hwang
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chun-Zhi Jin
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Jin Park
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Tae Seo
- Division of Forest Diseases and Insect Pests, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Kim
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
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Shanmugam G, Lee SK, Jeon J. Identification of Potential Nematicidal Compounds against the Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus through an In Silico Approach. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071828. [PMID: 30041426 PMCID: PMC6100573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a destructive phytophagous nematode that mainly infects pine species and causes pine wilt disease (PWD). PWD is one of the most devastating diseases that has damaged the pine forests of eastern Asia and Portugal for the last four decades. B. xylophilus infects healthy pine trees through Monochamus beetles and its subsequent proliferation results in destruction of the infected pine trees. The poor water solubility and high cost of currently used trunk-injected chemicals such as avermectin and abamectin for the prevention of PWD are major concerns. Thus, for the identification of new compounds targeting the different targets, five proteins including cathepsin L-like cystein proteinase, peroxiredoxins, hsp90, venome allergen protein and tubulin that are known to be important for development and pathogenicity of B. xylophilus were selected. The compounds were virtually screened against five proposed targets through molecular docking into hypothetical binding sites located in a homology-built protein model. Of the fifteen nematicides screened, amocarzine, mebendazole and flubendazole were judged to bind best. For these best docked compounds, structural and electronic properties were calculated through density functional theory studies. The results emphasize that these compounds could be potential lead compounds that can be further developed into nematicidal chemical against B. xylophilus. However, further studies are required to ascertain the nematicidal activity of these compounds against phytophagous nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnanendra Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Sun Keun Lee
- Division of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Korea.
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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Xu Z, Liu Y, Wei P, Feng K, Niu J, Shen G, Lu W, Xiao W, Wang J, Smagghe GJ, Xu Q, He L. High Gama-Aminobutyric Acid Contents Involved in Abamectin Resistance and Predation, an Interesting Phenomenon in Spider Mites. Front Physiol 2017; 8:216. [PMID: 28443033 PMCID: PMC5387048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abamectin has been widely used as an insecticide/acaricide for more than 30 years because of its superior bioactivity. Recently, an interesting phenomenon was identified in the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, an important pest in agriculture. The gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents in a laboratory abamectin resistant strain of T. cinnabarinus (AbR) were significantly increased. Decreases in activity and mRNA expression of GABA transaminase (GABA-T) were responsible for GABA accumulation in AbR mites. To clarify the mechanism of GABA accumulation mediated abamectin resistance, three artificial approaches were conducted to increase GABA contents in susceptible mites, including feeding of vigabatrin (a specific inhibitor of GABA-T), feeding of exogenous GABA, and inhibition of GABA-T gene expression. The results showed that susceptible mites developed resistance to abamectin when the GABA contents were artificially increased. We also observed that the mites with higher GABA contents moved more slowly, which is consistent with the fact that GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in arthropods. Subsequently, functional response assays revealed that predation rates of predatory mites on GABA accumulated abamectin-resistant mites were much higher than control groups. The tolerance to abamectin, slow crawling speed, and vulnerability to predators were all resulted from GABA accumulation. This relationship between GABA and predation was also confirmed in a field-collected population. Our finding indicates that predatory mites might be used as a tool for biological control to circumvent the development of abamectin resistance in mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Kaiyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jinzhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Guangmao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Wencai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jinjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Guy J Smagghe
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China.,Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian UniversityAbilene, TX, USA
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
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Barbosa PRR, Michaud JP, Rodrigues ARS, Torres JB. Dual resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and dicrotophos in Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:1-9. [PMID: 27266835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is usually associated with pests, but may also evolve in natural enemies. In this study, adult beetles of three distinct North American populations of Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, and the progeny of reciprocal crosses between the resistant and most susceptible population, were treated topically with varying concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin and dicrotophos. In addition, the LD50s of both insecticides were applied in combination to resistant individuals. The developmental and reproductive performance of each population was assessed in the absence of insecticide exposure to compare baseline fitness. California and Kansas populations were susceptible to both materials, whereas Georgia (GA) beetles exhibited a resistance ratio (RR50) of 158 to lambda-cyhalothrin and 530 to dicrotophos. Inheritance of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance was X-linked, whereas inheritance of dicrotophos resistance was autosomal. Mortality of resistant beetles treated with a mixture of LD50s of both materials was twice that of those treated with lambda-cyhalothrin alone, but not significantly different from those receiving dicrotophos alone. Life history parameters were largely similar among populations, except that Georgia beetles had higher egg fertility relative to susceptible populations. We conclude that the high levels of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and dicrotophos in Georgia beetles reflect heavy loads of these insecticides in local environments, most likely the large acreage under intensive cotton cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R R Barbosa
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, KS 67601, USA.
| | - Agna R S Rodrigues
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde, GO 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Jorge B Torres
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
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Kim J, Lee SM, Park CG. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is killed by homologues of 2-(1-undecyloxy)-1-ethanol. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29300. [PMID: 27403600 PMCID: PMC4941398 DOI: 10.1038/srep29300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
2-(1-Undecyloxy)-1-ethanol, monochamol, is a male-produced aggregation pheromone of the Monochamus species, which are efficient vectors of the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which cause devastating damage to pines worldwide. The nematicidal activity of synthetic monochamol and its homologues (ROEtOH: R = C7-C13) were investigated to find potential alternatives to the currently used PWN control agents abamectin and emamectin. Compounds with C7-C13 chain length alkyl groups exhibited 100% nematicidal activity at a concentration of 1000 mg/L. At a concentration of 100 mg/L, 2-(1-nonyloxy)-1-ethanol (C9OEtOH), 2-(1-decyloxy)-1-ethanol (C10OEtOH), 2-(1-undecyloxy)-1-ethanol (C11OEtOH), and 2-(1-dodecyloxy)-1-ethanol (C12OEtOH) showed 100% nematicidal activity, but the others showed weaker activities. C11OEtOH showed similar nematicidal activity to abamectin in terms of LD90 values, which were 13.30 and 12.53 mg/L, respectively. However, C9OEtOH, C10OEtOH, and C12OEtOH (LC90 values: 53.63, 38.18, and 46.68 mg/L, respectively) were less effective than C11OEtOH and abamectin. These results indicate that monochamol could be an effective alternative agent against PWN. The relationship of insecticidal and nematicidal activity to different carbon chain lengths in compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junheon Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chung Gyoo Park
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program) Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Luo L, Sun YJ, Wu YJ. Abamectin resistance in Drosophila is related to increased expression of P-glycoprotein via the dEGFR and dAkt pathways. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 43:627-634. [PMID: 23648830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many insects have evolved resistance to abamectin but the mechanisms involved in this resistance have not been well characterized. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent drug-efflux pump transmembrane protein, may be involved in abamectin resistance. We investigated the role of P-gp in abamectin (ABM) resistance in Drosophila using an ABM-resistant strain developed in the laboratory. A toxicity assay, Western blotting analysis and a vanadate-sensitive ATPase activity assay all demonstrated the existence of a direct relationship between P-gp expression and ABM resistance in these flies. Our observations indicate that P-gp levels in flies' heads were higher than in their thorax and abdomen, and that both P-gp levels and LC(50) values were higher in resistant than in susceptible and P-gp-deficient strains. In addition, P-gp levels in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of resistant flies were higher than in susceptible and P-gp-deficient flies, which is further evidence that a high level of P-gp in the BBB is related to ABM resistance. Furthermore, we found greater expression of Drosophila EGFR (dEGFR) in the resistant strain than in the susceptible strain, and that the level of Drosophila Akt (dAkt) was much higher in resistant than in susceptible flies, whereas that in P-gp-deficient flies was very low. Compared to susceptible flies, P-gp levels in the resistant strain were markedly suppressed by the dEGFR and dAkt inhibitors lapatinib and wortmannin. These results suggest that the increased P-gp in resistant flies was regulated by the dEGFR and dAkt pathways and that increased expression of P-gp is an important component of ABM resistance in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Pu X, Yang Y, Wu S, Wu Y. Characterisation of abamectin resistance in a field-evolved multiresistant population of Plutella xylostella. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2010; 66:371-8. [PMID: 19937910 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plutella xylostella (L.) has evolved resistance to various kinds of insecticide in the field. Reversion and selection, cross-resistance, inheritance and mechanisms of abamectin resistance were characterised in a field-derived multiresistant population of P. xylostella from China. RESULTS Compared with a susceptible Roth strain, the field-derived TH population showed approximately 5000-fold resistance to abamectin. Rapid reversion of abamectin resistance was observed in the TH population when kept without insecticide selection. The TH-Abm strain, selected from the TH population with abamectin, developed 23 670-fold resistance to abamectin, a high level of cross-resistance to emamectin benzoate and low levels of cross-resistance to spinosad and fipronil. Genetic analyses indicated that abamectin resistance in the TH-Abm strain was autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic. P450 monooxygenase activities in the TH-Abm strain were significantly elevated compared with the TH strain. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) inhibited a small part of abamectin resistance in the TH-Abm strain. CONCLUSION Field-evolved high-level resistance to abamectin in the TH population was not stable. Selection of the TH population with abamectin resulted in an extremely high level of cross-resistance to emamectin benzoate and low levels of cross-resistance to spinosad and fipronil. Enhanced oxidative metabolism was involved in, but may not be the major mechanism of, polygenic abamectin resistance in the TH-Abm strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects (Ministry of Agriculture), Nanjing, PR China
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Lu WP, Shi XQ, Guo WC, Jiang WH, Xia ZH, Fu WJ, Li GQ. Susceptibilities of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) in the North Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China to Two Biopesticides and Three Conventional Insecticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-27.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Qiu L, Gao JR, Clark JM. Sequencing and characterization of a cDNA encoding a ferritin subunit of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 60:140-50. [PMID: 16235258 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A differentially expressed cDNA fragment (P311) from Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was identified by restriction fragment differential display-polymerase chain reaction (RFDD-PCR) technique, and showed a strong similarity to ferritin heavy chain subunits of other organisms. Based on P311, we constructed specific primers and obtained a 840-bp cDNA fragment spanning the open reading frame of CPB ferritin subunit using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The sequence encodes 213 amino acid residues, including a 19 amino acid signal peptide. The sequence has a conserved cysteine in the N-terminus and has the seven conserved residues that comprise the ferroxidase center, which is the feature of heavy chain ferritins of vertebrates. The CPB ferritin subunit has high amino acid sequence identity with the Apriona germari (69.3%), Galleria mellonela (54.5%), Manduca sexta (54.0%), Drosophila melanogaster (53.2%), Calpodes ethlius (51.4%), and Nilaparvata lugens (47.6%) but lower identity with the Anopheles gambiae (38.7%) and Aedes aegypti (37.8%). Using Northern blot analysis, the subunit mRNA was identified from fat body and midgut of 4th instars with much higher mRNA levels found in midgut than that in fat body (2.5-fold). Nevertheless, only the levels of mRNA in fat body was induced by dexamethasone (1.5-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Qiu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Scott JG, Roush RT, Liu N. Selection of high-level abamectin resistance from field-collected house flies, Musca domestica. EXPERIENTIA 1991; 47:288-91. [PMID: 2009941 DOI: 10.1007/bf01958163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abamectin is a novel, highly promising insecticide with activity against many pests. To determine if resistance to abamectin could occur, we collected house flies from several New York dairies and selected them in the laboratory. Resistance developed rapidly and to a high level (36 or greater than 60,000-fold, depending upon test technique and/or adjuvant) that could not be overcome by the synergists piperonyl butoxide or S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate. There was no increase in (cross)resistance to crotoxyphos, dichlorvos, dimethoate, tetrachlorvinphos, permethrin, dieldrin or lindane following abamectin selection. Our results suggest the potential for abamectin resistance is high, at least in house flies, and that the judicious use of abamectin will be needed to prolong its usefulness as an insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Scott
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-0999
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