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Fotie J, Matherne CM, Wroblewski JE. Silicon switch: Carbon-silicon Bioisosteric replacement as a strategy to modulate the selectivity, physicochemical, and drug-like properties in anticancer pharmacophores. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:235-254. [PMID: 37029092 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioisosterism is one of the leading strategies in medicinal chemistry for the design and modification of drugs, consisting in replacing an atom or a substituent with a different atom or a group with similar chemical properties and an inherent biocompatibility. The objective of such an exercise is to produce a diversity of molecules with similar behavior while enhancing the desire biological and pharmacological properties, without inducing significant changes to the chemical framework. In drug discovery and development, the optimization of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity (ADMETox) profile is of paramount importance. Silicon appears to be the right choice as a carbon isostere because they possess very similar intrinsic properties. However, the replacement of a carbon by a silicon atom in pharmaceuticals has proven to result in improved efficacy and selectivity, while enhancing physicochemical properties and bioavailability. The current review discusses how silicon has been strategically introduced to modulate drug-like properties of anticancer agents, from a molecular design strategy, biological activity, computational modeling, and structure-activity relationships perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Fotie
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
| | - Caitlyn M Matherne
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jordan E Wroblewski
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
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Zhou C, Wang X, Quan X, Cheng J, Li Z, Maienfisch P. Silicon-Containing Complex II Acaricides─Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Optimization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11063-11074. [PMID: 35575634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioisosteric replacement has been proven to be a powerful strategy in life science research. In this review, general aspects of carbon-silicon bioisosteric substitution and its applications in pharmaceutical and crop protection research are described. Carbon and their silicon analogues possess similar intrinsic properties. Replacing carbon with silicon in pharmaceuticals and pesticides has shown to result in positive effects on efficacy and selectivity, physicochemical properties, and bioavailability and also to eliminate or improve human or environmental safety properties as well as to provide novelty and new intellectual property in many cases. Furthermore, the application of carbon-silicon substitution in the search for new complex II acaricides is highlighted. This research led to the discovery of sila-cyflumetofen 23a and other silicon-containing analogues of cyflumetofen that match or exceed the acaricidal activity of cyflumetofen. The molecular design strategy, synthetic aspects, biological activity, computational modeling work, and structure-activity relationships will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocao Quan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Maienfisch
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- CreInSol MCB, CH-4118 Rodersdorf, Switzerland
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Li L, Sun X, Zhao X, Xiong Y, Gao B, Zhang J, Shi H, Wang M. Absolute Configuration, Enantioselective Bioactivity, and Degradation of the Novel Chiral Triazole Fungicide Mefentrifluconazole. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4960-4967. [PMID: 33877830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mefentrifluconazole is a new chiral triazole fungicide with a pair of enantiomers. However, the enantioselective differences in the biological effects and environmental behaviors of mefentrifluconazole are unclear. In the present work, a new simultaneous determination method of mefentrifluconazole enantiomers was established using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The absolute configuration of the two mefentrifluconazole enantiomers was confirmed by comparing the experimental and calculated ECD spectra. The enantioselective bioactivity to target fungi and degradation in cucumber samples were also assessed. The absolute configurations of the two enantiomers eluted on the Superchiral IG-3 column were confirmed as R-(-)-mefentrifluconazole and S-(+)-mefentrifluconazole. The R-(-)-mefentrifluconazole possessed 5-473 times higher bioactivity than S-(+)-mefentrifluconazole toward six kinds of target pathogenic fungi. In addition, R-(-)-mefentrifluconazole exhibited stronger efficacy of suppression of ergosterol biosynthesis. The molecular docking results indicated that R-(-)-mefentrifluconazole had shorter binding distances and lower energies with the target protein than S-(+)-mefentrifluconazole, which may result in the enantioselective bioactivity. The high-efficiency enantiomer of R-(-)-mefentrifluconazole has longer duration in cucumber samples due to the relatively long half-life of 4.0 days. This research has clarified the bioactivity differences and mechanism between mefentrifluconazole enantiomers against target fungi and laid the foundation for an in-depth study of mefentrifluconazole at the chiral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianshan Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xuejun Zhao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yudie Xiong
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Wei G, Huang MW, Wang WJ, Wu Y, Mei SF, Zhou LM, Mei LC, Zhu XL, Yang GF. Expanding the Chemical Space of Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors via the Carbon-Silicon Switch Strategy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3965-3971. [PMID: 33779164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The carbon-silicon switch strategy has become a key technique for structural optimization of drugs to widen the chemical space, increase drug activity against targeted proteins, and generate novel and patentable lead compounds. Flubeneteram, targeting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), is a promising fungicide candidate recently developed in China. We describe the synthesis of novel SDH inhibitors with enhanced fungicidal activity to enlarge the chemical space of flubeneteram by employing the C-Si switch strategy. Several of the thus formed flubeneteram-silyl derivatives exhibited improved fungicidal activity against porcine SDH compared with the lead compound flubeneteram and the positive controls. Disease control experiments conducted in a greenhouse showed that trimethyl-silyl-substituted compound W2 showed comparable and even higher fungicidal activities compared to benzovindiflupyr and flubeneteram, respectively, even with a low concentration of 0.19 mg/L for soybean rust control. Furthermore, compound W2 encouragingly performed slightly better control than azoxystrobin and was less active than benzovindiflupyr at the concentration of 100 mg/L against soybean rust in field trials. The computational results showed that the silyl-substituted phenyl moiety in W2 could form strong van der Waals (VDW) interactions with SDH. Our results indicate that the C-Si switch strategy is an effective method for the development of novel SDH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Fen Mei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Can Mei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Jain A, Piplani P. Exploring the Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Triazoles: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1298-1368. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312162601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
:
Triazole is a valuable platform in medicinal chemistry, possessing assorted pharmacological
properties, which could play a major role in the common mechanisms associated with various disorders
like cancer, infections, inflammation, convulsions, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Structural
modification of this scaffold could be helpful in the generation of new therapeutically useful
agents. Although research endeavors are moving towards the growth of synthetic analogs of triazole,
there is still a lot of scope to achieve drug discovery break-through in this area. Upcoming therapeutic
prospective of this moiety has captured the attention of medicinal chemists to synthesize novel triazole
derivatives. The authors amalgamated the chemistry, synthetic strategies and detailed pharmacological
activities of the triazole nucleus in the present review. Information regarding the marketed triazole derivatives
has also been incorporated. The objective of the review is to provide insights to designing and
synthesizing novel triazole derivatives with advanced and unexplored pharmacological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh- 160014, India
| | - Poonam Piplani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh- 160014, India
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Basarab GS, Pifferitti M, Bolinski MM. The chemistry and biological activity of a new class of azole fungicides: 1-amino-1,2,4-triazoles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ps.2780310402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wellmann H, Schauz K, Tiemann R. Resistance to Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors inUstilago maydis. III. Cross-Resistance Patterns and Sterol Analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199611)48:3<239::aid-ps463>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ladevèze V, Marcireau C, Delourme D, Karst F. General resistance to sterol biosynthesis inhibitors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lipids 1993; 28:907-12. [PMID: 8246690 DOI: 10.1007/bf02537499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Screening for resistance to fenpropimorph was undertaken in order to isolate yeast mutants affected in the regulation of the ergosterol pathway. Among the mutants isolated, one bearing the recessive fen1-1 mutation was characterized by a 1.5-fold increase in the ergosterol level and a general resistance to sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. The fen1-1 mutation was linked to MAT locus on chromosome III. The measurement of enzyme activities involved in the ergosterol pathway revealed that isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) isomerase activity was specifically increased 1.5-fold as compared to the wild type strain. However, overexpression of IPP isomerase in the wild type strain was not by itself sufficient to lead to sterol increase or resistance to sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, showing that IPP isomerase is not a limiting step in the pathway. The fen1-1 mutation permits viability in aerobiosis of yeast disrupted for sterol-14 reductase in absence of exogenous ergosterol supplementation, whereas the corresponding strain bearing the wild type FEN1 allele grows only in anaerobiosis. This result shows that ignosterol is able to efficiently replace ergosterol as bulk membrane component and that the fen1-1 mutation eliminates the specific ergosterol requirement in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ladevèze
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique des Microorganismes, Université de Poitiers, France
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