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Olive fruit volatiles route intraspecific interactions and chemotaxis in Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) females. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1666. [PMID: 32015351 PMCID: PMC6997409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant nutritional quality and chemical characteristics may affect the fitness of phytophagous insects. Here, the olfactory preferences of Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) females toward olives with different maturation and infestation status were evaluated in three cultivars: Ottobratica, Roggianella and Sinopolese. Volatile profiles from olives were identified by SPME/GC-MS. Choice tests were performed to determine the responses of B. oleae adult females toward fruits and pure chemicals linked to infestation degree. Cultivar was the main source of variability explaining the differences recorded in volatile emissions. Moreover, three VOCs [β-myrcene, limonene and (E)-β-ocimene] were associated to infestation status across all olive varieties. In choice-tests, B. oleae females always preferred the olfactory cues from low-infested over high-infested fruits. Therefore, choice-tests using synthetic VOCs, emitted in greater amount by high-infested fruit, were arranged in order to identify putative B. oleae kairomones. While females were indifferent to β-myrcene, the highest dosages of limonene and (E)-β-ocimene were unfavoured by the tested flies, which preferentially moved toward the empty arm of the Y-tube. Furthermore, females preferred the lowest concentration of β-ocimene compared to the highest one. These results supported our hypothesis that fruit VOCs may serve as kairomones for female flies.
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Xu WM, Zhang M, Wei K, Chen Y, Liu Q, Xue W, Jin LH, He M, Chen Z, Zeng S. Development and evaluation of pymetrozine controlled-release formulation to control paddy planthopper. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22687-22693. [PMID: 35539714 PMCID: PMC9081349 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous outbreaks of rice planthoppers in rice-growing regions in China indicates the importance of redesigning several planthopper management programs. Chemical control remains the main strategy for planthopper control in China and other subtropical and temperate regions. Most common chemical insecticides are emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, soluble concentrates, and wettable powders. These insecticides are applied by dusting or spraying using simple equipment. The active ingredient, with short effectiveness time, is degraded rapidly in natural paddy ecosystems. Thus, repeated pesticide applications are required to control rice planthoppers. Altering the short-term effect formulation of pesticides to a long-acting formulation may be an alternative solution. A pymetrozine controlled-release granule (CRG; 1%) was developed by loading the pesticide on bentonite and coating the solid pesticide with resin. Analysis of pymetrozine release indicated that the 1% pymetrozine CRG release was more than 80% for 60 days. In the field trial screening, the 1% pymetrozine CRG showed a controlled effect of 61.96-78.87% at 48 days after CGR application. Application of 1% pymetrozine CRG at the recommended dosage and 1.5 times the recommended dosage resulted in terminal residues on brown rice below the maximum residue limit (0.1 mg kg-1) of China and Japan. Moreover, the pesticide granules showed low toxicity against all tested beneficial organisms in the environment. Pymetrozine CRG (1%) showed good controlled release and efficacy for controlling paddy planthoppers. The compound exhibited a low terminal residue and low toxicity against all tested beneficial organisms. Pymetrozine CRG (1%) showed great potential for field applications to control paddy planthoppers, because it overcame the rapid loss of biological function during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China +86 851 8362 0521 +86 851 8829 2090
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China +86 851 8362 0521 +86 851 8829 2090
| | - Kun Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China +86 851 8362 0521 +86 851 8829 2090
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China +86 851 8362 0521 +86 851 8829 2090
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China +86 851 8362 0521 +86 851 8829 2090
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China +86 851 8362 0521 +86 851 8829 2090
| | - Lin-Hong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China +86 851 8362 0521 +86 851 8829 2090
| | - Ming He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China +86 851 8362 0521 +86 851 8829 2090
| | - Zuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China +86 851 8362 0521 +86 851 8829 2090
| | - Song Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China +86 851 8362 0521 +86 851 8829 2090
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