1
|
Li Z, Ouyang L, Wu Q, Peng Q, Zhang B, Qian W, Liu B, Wan F. Cuticular proteins in codling moth (Cydia pomonella) respond to insecticide and temperature stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115852. [PMID: 38141334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The insect cuticle consists of chitin and cuticular proteins (CPs), which stabilize the body shape and provide an effective physical barrier against the external environment. They are also potential target sites for developing environmentally friendly insect management through the utilization of physiology-based methods. The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is a pest afflicting fruit orchards worldwide. This study used a comparative genomic approach, whole-genome resequencing, and transcriptome data to understand the role that CPs played in the environmental adaptation of the codling moth. A total of 182 putative CPs were identified in the codling moth genome, which were classified into 12 CP families. 119 CPR genes, including 54 RR-1, 60 RR-2, and 5 RR-3 genes were identified and accounted for 65.4% of the total CPs. Eight and seven gene clusters are formed in RR1 and RR2 subfamily and the ancestor-descendant relationship was explained. Five CPAP genes were highly expressed during the egg stage and exposed to high temperature, which indicated their potential role in aiding codling moth eggs in acclimating to varying external heat conditions. Moreover, six CPs belonging to the CPR and CPLCP families were identified in association with insecticide resistance by population resequencing. Their expression levels increased after exposure to insecticides, suggesting they might be involved in codling moth resistance to the insecticides azinphos-methyl or deltamethrin. Our results provide insight into the evolution of codling moth CPs and their association with high temperature adaptation and insecticide resistance, and provide an additional information required for further analysis of CPs in environmental adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyuan Li
- College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Lan Ouyang
- College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qi Peng
- College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| | - Fanghao Wan
- College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong HL, Zhang SX, Tao H, Chen ZH, Li X, Qiu JF, Cui WZ, Sima YH, Cui WZ, Xu SQ. Metabolomics differences between silkworms (Bombyx mori) reared on fresh mulberry (Morus) leaves or artificial diets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10972. [PMID: 28887546 PMCID: PMC5591246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silkworms (Bombyx mori) reared on artificial diets have great potential applications in sericulture. However, the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of metabolic utilization by altering silkworm nutrition are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the poor development and low silk protein synthesis efficiency of silkworms fed artificial diets. After multi-generational selection of the ingestive behavior of silkworms to artificial diets, we obtained two strains, one of which developed well and another in which almost all its larvae starved to death on the artificial diets. Subsequently, we analyzed the metabolomics of larval hemolymph by gas chromatography/liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the results showed that vitamins were in critically short supply, whereas the nitrogen metabolic end product of urea and uric acid were enriched substantially, in the hemolymph of the silkworms reared on the artificial diets. Meanwhile, amino acid metabolic disorders, as well as downregulation of carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism, co-occurred. Furthermore, 10 male-dominant metabolites and 27 diet-related metabolites that differed between male and female silkworms were identified. These findings provide important insights into the regulation of silkworm metabolism and silk protein synthesis when silkworms adapt to an artificial diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Dong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Hui Tao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhuo-Hua Chen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian-Feng Qiu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Cui
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang-Hu Sima
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NEAER), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei-Zheng Cui
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NEAER), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang B, Huang W, Zhang J, Xu Q, Zhu S, Zhang Q, Beerntsen BT, Song H, Ling E. Analysis of gene expression in the midgut of Bombyx mori during the larval molting stage. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:866. [PMID: 27809786 PMCID: PMC5096333 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insects can be models for understanding human intestinal infection and pathology. Molting, a special period during which the old insect cuticle is shed and a new one is produced, is crucial for insect development. Holometabolous insects may experience several larva-to-larva moltings to become larger, a pupal molt and adult eclosion to become adults. During the larval molts, they stop feeding and become quiescent. Although the molting larvae become quiescent, it is not known if changes in microbiome, physiology, development and immunity of midguts occur. Results Transcriptome analysis indicated that functions such as metabolism, digestion, and transport may become reduced due to the downregulated expression of many associated genes. During the molting stage, midguts harbor less microflora and DNA synthesis decreases. Both ecdysone and juvenile hormone in the larval midgut likely degrade after entering the larva-to-larva molting stage. However, at 12 h after ecdysis, the feeding larvae of 5th instars that were injected with 20-hydroxyecdysone entered a molting-like stage, during which changes in midgut morphology, DNA synthesis, gene expression, and microflora exhibited the same patterns as observed in the actual molting state. Conclusion This study is important for understanding insect midgut physiology, development and immunity during a special development stage when no food is ingested. Although the molting larva becomes immobile and quiescent, we demonstrate that numerous changes occur in midgut morphology, physiology, metabolism and microbiome during this period. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3162-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wuren Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shoulin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Brenda T Beerntsen
- Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Hongsheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Erjun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Odman-Naresh J, Duevel M, Muthukrishnan S, Merzendorfer H. A lepidopteran-specific gene family encoding valine-rich midgut proteins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82015. [PMID: 24312395 PMCID: PMC3843731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lepidopteran larvae are serious agricultural pests due to their feeding activity. Digestion of the plant diet occurs mainly in the midgut and is facilitated by the peritrophic matrix (PM), an extracellular sac-like structure, which lines the midgut epithelium and creates different digestive compartments. The PM is attracting increasing attention to control lepidopteran pests by interfering with this vital function. To identify novel PM components and thus potential targets for insecticides, we performed an immunoscreening with anti-PM antibodies using an expression library representing the larval midgut transcriptome of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. We identified three cDNAs encoding valine-rich midgut proteins of M. sexta (MsVmps), which appear to be loosely associated with the PM. They are members of a lepidopteran-specific family of nine VMP genes, which are exclusively expressed in larval stages in M. sexta. Most of the MsVMP transcripts are detected in the posterior midgut, with the highest levels observed for MsVMP1. To obtain further insight into Vmp function, we expressed MsVMP1 in insect cells and purified the recombinant protein. Lectin staining and glycosidase treatment indicated that MsVmp1 is highly O-glycosylated. In line with results from qPCR, immunoblots revealed that MsVmp1 amounts are highest in feeding larvae, while MsVmp1 is undetectable in starving and molting larvae. Finally using immunocytochemistry, we demonstrated that MsVmp1 localizes to the cytosol of columnar cells, which secrete MsVmp1 into the ectoperitrophic space in feeding larvae. In starving and molting larvae, MsVmp1 is found in the gut lumen, suggesting that the PM has increased its permeability. The present study demonstrates that lepidopteran species including many agricultural pests have evolved a set of unique proteins that are not found in any other taxon and thus may reflect an important adaptation in the highly specialized lepidopteran digestive tract facing particular immune challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margret Duevel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Subbaratnam Muthukrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Hans Merzendorfer
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|