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Cavallaro MC, Sanders CJ, Hladik ML. Measured efficacy, bioaccumulation, and leaching of a transfluthrin-based insecticidal paint: a case study with a nuisance, nonbiting aquatic insect. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5413-5422. [PMID: 36057132 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pest management professionals will require a diverse, adaptive abatement toolbox to combat advanced challenges from disease vector and nuisance insect populations. Designed for post-application longevity, insecticidal paints offer extended residual effects on targeted insect pest populations; a measured understanding of active ingredient bioavailability over time is valuable to fully assess treatment efficacy and potential environmental risks. This study was initiated because a nuisance net-spinning caddisfly, Smicridea fasciatella, is lowering the quality of life for riverfront residents at the type locality. RESULTS We tested the efficacy and potential mobility of a transfluthrin-based paint (a.i. 0.50%), comparing the impacts of UV exposure and substrate texture over time. Direct UV exposure decreased efficacy (β ± S.E. = 0.008 ± 0.001, P < 0.001) and a coarse texture maintained greater efficacy (β ± S.E. = -3.7 ± 1.3, P = 0.004) over time. Notably, the coarse texture + indirect UV treatment maintained 100% mortality after 240 days. UV exposure and substrate texture did not have a significant impact on leachate concentrations over time, and successive immersion tests indicated a two-phase emission pattern. Bioaccumulation increased with time on the cuticle of dead adult S. fasciatella; after 24 h of direct exposure the concentration of transfluthrin was 25.3 ± 0.9 ng/caddisfly with a maximum concentration of 345 ng/caddisfly after 7 days. CONCLUSION Our predictions were validated with measured, time-dependent impacts on efficacy, leachability, and bioaccumulation. Because of the mobility of active ingredient in the environment, insecticidal paints merit low-impact protocols to improve public health outcomes and environmental safety. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Cavallaro
- Bullhead City Pest Abatement District, Bullhead City, AZ, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Corey J Sanders
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Musa JJ, Moore SJ, Moore J, Mbuba E, Mbeyela E, Kobe D, Swai JK, Odufuwa OG. Long-lasting insecticidal nets retain bio-efficacy after 5 years of storage: implications for malaria control programmes. Malar J 2020; 19:110. [PMID: 32169081 PMCID: PMC7071702 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the most sustainable and effective malaria control tool currently available. Global targets are for 80% of the population living in malaria endemic areas to have access to (own) and use a LLIN. However, current access to LLINs in endemic areas is 56% due to system inefficiencies and budget limitations. Thus, cost-effective approaches to maximize access to effective LLINs in endemic areas are required. This study evaluated whether LLINs that had been stored for 5 years under manufacturer’s recommended conditions may be optimally effective against Anopheles mosquitoes, to inform malaria control programmes and governments on the periods over which LLINs may be stored between distributions, in an effort to maximize use of available LLINs. Methods Standard World Health Organization (WHO) bioassays (cone and tunnel test) were used to evaluate the bio-efficacy and wash resistance of Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 (rebranded Tsara® Soft) LLINs after 5 years of storage at 25 °C to 33.4 °C and 40% to 100% relative humidity. In addition, a small scale Ifakara Ambient Chamber test (I-ACT) was conducted to compare the bio-efficacy of one long stored LLINs to one new LLIN of the same brand, washed or unwashed. LLINs were evaluated using laboratory reared fully susceptible Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (Ifakara strain) and pyrethroid resistant Anopheles arabiensis (Kingani strain). Results After 5 years of storage, both unwashed and washed, Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 (Tsara® Soft) LLINs passed WHO bio-efficacy criteria on knockdown (KD60) ≥ 95%, 24-h mortality ≥ 80% and ≥ 90% blood-feeding inhibition in WHO assays against susceptible An. gambiae s.s. DawaPlus® 2.0 LLINs also passed combined WHO bioassay criteria against resistant An. arabiensis. Confirmatory I-ACT tests using whole nets demonstrated that long-stored LLINs showed higher efficacy than new LLINs on both feeding inhibition and mortality endpoints against resistant strains. Conclusions Even after long-term storage of around 5 years, both Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 LLINs remain efficacious against susceptible Anopheles mosquitoes at optimal storage range of 25 °C to 33.4 °C for temperature and 40% to 100% relative humidity measured by standard WHO methods. DawaPlus® 2.0 (Tsara® Soft) remained efficacious against resistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah J Musa
- Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania. .,Department of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P. O. BOX 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
| | - Sarah J Moore
- Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.,University of Basel, St. Petersplatz 1, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse. 57, 4002, Basel 4, Switzerland
| | - Jason Moore
- Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse. 57, 4002, Basel 4, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Mbuba
- Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.,University of Basel, St. Petersplatz 1, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse. 57, 4002, Basel 4, Switzerland
| | - Edgar Mbeyela
- Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Dickson Kobe
- Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Johnson K Swai
- Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Olukayode G Odufuwa
- Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
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Role transformation of fecundity and viability: The leading cause of fitness costs associated with beta-cypermethrin resistance in Musca domestica. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228268. [PMID: 31999782 PMCID: PMC6992221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fitness is closely associated with the development of pesticide resistance in insects, which determines the control strategies employed to target species and the risks of toxicity faced by non-target species. After years of selections with beta-cypermethrin in laboratory, a strain of housefly was developed that was 684,521.62-fold resistant (CRR) compared with the susceptible strain (CSS). By constructing ≤ 21 d and ≤ 30 d life tables, the differences in life history parameters between CSS and CRR were analyzed. The total production numbers of all the detected development stages in CRR were lower than in CSS. Except for the lower mortality of larvae, all the other detected mortalities in CRR were higher than in CSS. ♀:♂ and normal females of CRR were also lower than those of CSS. For CRR, the relative fitness was 0.25 in the ≤ 21 d life table and 0.24 in the ≤ 30 d life table, and a lower intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (Ro) were detected. Based on phenotype correlation and structural equation model (SEM) analyses, fecundity and viability were the only directly positive fitness components affecting fitness in CRR and CSS, and the other components played indirect roles in fitness. The variations of the relationships among fitness, fecundity and viability seemed to be the core issue resulting in fitness differences between CRR and CSS. The interactions among all the detected fitness components and the mating frequency-time curves appeared to be distinctly different between CRR and CSS. In summary, fecundity and its related factors separately played direct and indirect roles in the fitness costs of a highly beta-cypermethrin-resistant housefly strain.
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Ab Hamid N, Mohd Noor SN, Susubi J, Isa NR, Md Rodzay R, Bachtiar Effendi AM, Hafisool AA, Azman FA, Abdullah SF, Kamarul Zaman MK, Wasi Ahmad N, Lee HL. Semi-field evaluation of the bio-efficacy of two different deltamethrin formulations against Aedes species in an outdoor residual spraying study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03230. [PMID: 31993521 PMCID: PMC6976940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, dengue incidence has trended upward worldwide causing urgent needs for new or modified vector control methods. We modified the existing indoor residual spraying (IRS) method by applying insecticide on the outer walls of building structures in an outdoor residual spraying (ORS) study. A semi-field study was conducted to investigate the bio-efficacy of two different deltamethrin formulations: K-Othrine® Polyzone, new polymer-enhanced deltamethrin formulated as a suspension concentrate (SC-PE), and K-Othrine® WG 250, traditional deltamethrin formulated as water dispersible granule (WG). The residual bio-efficacy of deltamethrin SC-PE was compared to deltamethrin WG on finished cement surfaces applied to the outer walls at the Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Malaysia. Standard WHO cone wall bioassays were adapted to evaluate the effective duration of action of these deltamethrin formulations against susceptible laboratory-reared and wild, free-flying Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Analyses of bioassay results showed that deltamethrin SC-PE 30 mg/m2 has improved longevity in comparison to deltamethrin WG 30 mg/m2. Deltamethrin SC-PE 30 mg/m2 was effective until week 17 (producing > 80% mortality), surpassing deltamethrin WG 30 mg/m2 which only lasted until week 10. This was supported by post-hoc test analyses which demonstrated that deltamethrin SC-PE 30 mg/m2 produced the highest mean of mortality in laboratory-reared Aedes species and the wild Ae. albopictus. However, the effective duration of action of deltamethrin SC-PE (17 weeks) was less than the recommended period by WHO (6 months) but was reasonable given that the spraying was undertaken outdoor. This preliminary data could be of use for the deployment of locally adapted ORS operation in controlling dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulhusna Ab Hamid
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurfadhlina Mohd Noor
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - John Susubi
- Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Kilu'ufi Hospital, Malaita Province, Solomon Islands
- School of Diploma in Applied Parasitology and Entomology, SEAMEO – TROPMED Regional Center Malaysia, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Rasyidah Isa
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaiyu Md Rodzay
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ainaa Mardia Bachtiar Effendi
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Afiq Ahnaf Hafisool
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Atirah Azman
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Farah Abdullah
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Khairi Kamarul Zaman
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazni Wasi Ahmad
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Han Lim Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Britch SC, Linthicum KJ, Aldridge RL, Walker TW, Rush MJE, Aubuchon MD, Kerce JD. Residual Pesticide On Hesco ® Blast Protection Wall In Temperate Florida Habitat Effective Against Mosquitoes, Stable Flies, and Sand Flies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2018; 34:224-232. [PMID: 31442176 DOI: 10.2987/18-6754.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
United States military troops in the field are exposed to the environment and are thus at high risk for transmission of arboviruses, and degradation of mission from continual harassment from insects. Passive vector control, such as application of residual insecticides to US military materials common in the field such as tents and camouflage netting, has been shown to be effective and can contribute to a successful integrated vector management (IVM) plan in the field to reduce this risk. However, other common US military field materials have not been evaluated with residual pesticides. In this study we conducted the first known investigation of the efficacy and longevity of a residual pesticide containing λ-cyhalothrin applied to HESCO® blast protection wall geotextile. We exposed treated material to a temperate Florida environment and found that this treatment can be effective against sand flies, filth-breeding flies, and mosquitoes for at least 6 wk. This study provides evidence that residual treatment of this US military material may be leveraged as an IVM component to enhance the US Department of Defense pest management system.
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Ong SQ, Ab Majid AH, Ahmad H. Insecticide Residues on Poultry Manures: Field Efficacy Test on Selected Insecticides in Managing Musca Domestica Population. Trop Life Sci Res 2017; 28:45-55. [PMID: 28890760 PMCID: PMC5584836 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, bifenthrin (Maxxthor SC, Ensystex Australasia Pty Ltd), imidacloprid (Prothor SC, Ensystex Australasia Pty Ltd) and fipronil (Regent®50SC, Bayer) were applied on the natural infest manures according to the manufacturer rate during a broiler breeding cycle. Solvent direct-immersion extraction (SDIE) was used in detecting the target compound and later, quantification of the insecticide residues in field condition was investigated. The samples were prior cleaned up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analysed by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) – photodiode array (PDA) system. In the field trial, three insecticides were showed accumulation during the broiler breeding period and it is suggested that they acted as adulticides when applied on the poultry manures, this is supported by the significant correlation between the increment of insecticide residues to the reduction percentage of adult flies (<0.05). Fipronil showed significantly greater reduction on the adult fly compared to the other insecticides, in which the reduction rate compared to control population at the end of the broiler breeding period; fipronil, imidaclopril and bifenthrin reduced 51.51%, 28.30% and 30.84% of adult flies, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Quan Ong
- Household & Structural Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
- Household & Structural Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hamdan Ahmad
- Household & Structural Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Karakuş M, Kasap ÖE, Günay F, Oğuz G, Demir S, Suner A, Alten B, Özbel Y. Effects of environmental factors and storage conditions on the performance of Olyset® Plus against sand flies in WHO cone bioassays. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2017; 110:252-7. [PMID: 27076511 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis, visceral and cutaneous, is seen in Turkey and has both public and veterinary importance. So far, four Leishmania species and their vectors have been detected in Turkey. Vector control is essential in endemic areas and several personal protection methods are available including long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). In this study, we aimed to measure the effects of usage and storage conditions on LLINs in a village-scale study. METHODS Olyset(®) Plus bed nets were set up in different climatic conditions (rain, exposed to sunlight and humidity) and collected after 6 months. The effectiveness of bed nets were tested by WHO's cone test method using wild-caught sand flies. RESULTS Bed nets, which were placed directly exposed to sunlight (A1, A2) showed lower (17.2%) knock down effect compared to bed nets placed indoors (A3, B1). Twenty-four hour mortality was 100% for the five study groups (A2, A3, B1, C1, C2) whereas group A1 was found to have a lower mortality rate (44.4%). CONCLUSION Bed nets need to avoid direct exposure to sunlight. When used and stored in appropriate conditions (cool, well-ventilated place away from sunlight) they can be used as an effective vector control tool in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karakuş
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özge Erişöz Kasap
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Günay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Oğuz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Samiye Demir
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aslı Suner
- Ege University, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bülent Alten
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özbel
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, İzmir, Turkey
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