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Wang L, Qin C, Guo Q, Han Y, Du G, Li R. Transcriptome Study of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Treated with Fomepizole Reveals a Serine/Threonine-Protein Phosphatase Gene that Is Substantially Linked with Vitality and Pathogenicity. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:630-640. [PMID: 38457135 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-23-0113-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pine wood nematode (PWN), is the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), which causes enormous economic loss annually. According to our previous research, fomepizole, as a selective inhibitor of PWN alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), has the potential to be a preferable lead compound for developing novel nematicides. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. The result of molecular docking showed that the stronger interactions between fomepizole and PWN ADH at the active site of ADH were attributed to hydrogen bonds. Low-dose fomepizole had a substantial negative impact on the egg hatchability, development, oviposition, and lifespan of PWN. Transcriptome analysis indicated that 2,124 upregulated genes and 490 downregulated genes in fomepizole-treated PWN were obtained. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that fomepizole could be involved in controlling PWN vitality mainly by regulating key signaling pathways, such as the ribosome, hippo signaling pathway, and lysosome. Remarkably, the results of RNA interference indicated that the downregulated serine/threonine-protein phosphatase gene (stpp) could reduce the egg hatchability, development, oviposition, and lifespan of PWN, which was closely similar to the consequences of nematodes with low-dose fomepizole treatment. In addition, the silencing of stpp resulted in weakness of PWN pathogenicity, which indicated that stpp could be a potential drug target to control PWN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Chenglei Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Qunqun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yi Han
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Guicai Du
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Ronggui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
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2
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Hao X, Wang S, Fu Y, Liu Y, Shen H, Jiang L, McLamore ES, Shen Y. The WRKY46-MYC2 module plays a critical role in E-2-hexenal-induced anti-herbivore responses by promoting flavonoid accumulation. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100734. [PMID: 37859344 PMCID: PMC10873895 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play key roles in plant-plant communication, especially in response to pest attack. E-2-hexenal is an important component of VOCs, but it is unclear whether it can induce endogenous plant resistance to insects. Here, we show that E-2-hexenal activates early signaling events in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mesophyll cells, including an H2O2 burst at the plasma membrane, the directed flow of calcium ions, and an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration. Treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with E-2-hexenal increases their resistance when challenged with the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L., and this phenomenon is largely lost in the wrky46 mutant. Mechanistically, E-2-hexenal induces the expression of WRKY46 and MYC2, and the physical interaction of their encoded proteins was verified by yeast two-hybrid, firefly luciferase complementation imaging, and in vitro pull-down assays. The WRKY46-MYC2 complex directly binds to the promoter of RBOHD to promote its expression, as demonstrated by luciferase reporter, yeast one-hybrid, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. This module also positively regulates the expression of E-2-hexenal-induced naringenin biosynthesis genes (TT4 and CHIL) and the accumulation of total flavonoids, thereby modulating plant tolerance to insects. Together, our results highlight an important role for the WRKY46-MYC2 module in the E-2-hexenal-induced defense response of Arabidopsis, providing new insights into the mechanisms by which VOCs trigger plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongyu Shen
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Libo Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Eric S McLamore
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Yingbai Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Liu F, Su S, Chen J, Xu Q, Song G, Dong Y, Jiang X, Chen D, Fang Y, Li J, Lin C, Su J, Cai S. The nematicide emamectin benzoate increases ROS accumulation in Pinus massoniana and poison Monochamus alternatus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295945. [PMID: 38127873 PMCID: PMC10735008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD) is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and transmitted by a vector insect, the Monochamus alternatus. The PWN has caused much extensive damage to pine-dominated forest ecosystems. Trunk injection of emamectin benzoate (EB) has been found to be the most useful protective measure against the PWN, due to its low effective dose and long residence time in the field. However, the interactions between EB and the host or the environment remain largely unknown, which limits the efficacy and stability of EB in practical field settings. In this study, we investigated the impact on PWN from EB injection for both adult and young host plants (Pinus massoniana) by taking a multi-omics (phenomics, transcriptomics, microbiome, and metabolomics) approach. We found that EB injection can significantly reduce the amount of PWN in both living adult and young pine trees. Additionally, EB was able to activate the genetic response of P. massoniana against PWN, promotes P. massoniana growth and development and resistance to Pine wilt disease, which requires the presence of PWN. Further, the presence of EB greatly increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the host plant in a PWN-dependent manner, possibly by affecting ROS-related microbes and metabolites. Moreover, we uncovered the function of EB limiting the consumption of P. massoniana by the JPS. Based on biochemical and gut microbial data, we found that EB can significantly reduces cellulase activity in JPS, whose transcription factors, sugar metabolism, and the phosphotransferase system are also affected. These results document the impact of EB on the entire PWD transmission chain through multi-omics regarding the dominant pine (P. massoniana) in China and provide a novel perspective for controlling PWD outbreaks in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhu Liu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shunde Su
- Fujian Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Timber Forest Breeding and Cultivation for Mountainous Areas in Southern China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Fujian Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Timber Forest Breeding and Cultivation for Mountainous Areas in Southern China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Gaofei Song
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuguang Dong
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Daoshun Chen
- Shaxian Guanzhuang State-Owned Forest Farm, Sanming, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Su
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shouping Cai
- Fujian Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Timber Forest Breeding and Cultivation for Mountainous Areas in Southern China, Fuzhou, China
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Lee JW, Mwamula AO, Choi JH, Lee HW, Kim YS, Kim JH, Choi YH, Lee DW. Comparative Bioactivity of Emamectin Benzoate Formulations against the Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:75-87. [PMID: 36760051 PMCID: PMC9929175 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2022.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a well-known devastating pathogen of economic importance in the Republic of Korea and other countries. In the Republic of Korea, trunk injection of nematicides is the preferred method of control. In this study, the efficacy of 16 locally produced formulations of emamectin benzoate against the PWN are compared through determining their sublethal toxicities and reproduction inhibition potentials. Nematodes were treated with varying concentrations of the tested chemicals in multi-well culture plates, and rates of paralysis and mortality were determined after 24 h. Reproduction inhibition potential was tested by inoculating pre-treated nematodes onto Botrytis cinerea, and in pine twig cuttings. Despite the uniformity in the concentration of the active ingredient, efficacy was contrastingly different among formulations. The formulations evidently conformed to three distinct groups based on similarities in sublethal activity (group 1: LC95 of 0.00768-0.01443 mg/ml; group 2: LC95 of 0.03202-0.07236 mg/ml, and group 3: LC95 of as high as 0.30643-0.40811 mg/ml). Nematode paralysis generally occurred at the application dose of 0.0134-0.1075 μg/ml, and there were significant differences in nematode paralysis rates among the products. Nematode reproduction was only evident at lower doses both on B. cinerea and pine twigs, albeit the variations among formulations. Group 1 formulations significantly reduced nematode reproduction even at a lower dose of 0.001075 µg/ml. The variations in efficacy might be attributed to differences in inert ingredients. Therefore, there is need to analyze the potential antagonistic effects of the large number of additives used in formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-won Lee
- Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
| | - Abraham Okki Mwamula
- Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Department of Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
| | - Jae-hyuk Choi
- Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
| | - Ho-wook Lee
- Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
| | - Yi Seul Kim
- Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Department of Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
| | - Jin-Hyo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Yong-hwa Choi
- School of Ecology and Environmental System, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
| | - Dong Woon Lee
- Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Department of Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
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5
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Terpene Production Varies in Pinus thunbergii Parl. with Different Levels of Resistance, with Potential Effects on Pinewood Nematode Behavior. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Determining the mechanisms of pine wilt disease (PWD) resistance in Pinus is a popular research topic, but information on volatile organic substances (VOS) and their role in PWD is lacking. Whether the difference in VOS among Pinus thunbergii parl. that have different levels of resistance with pine wood nematodes (PWNs) is the reason for the differing resistance needs to be studied. In this study, resistant P. thunbergii introduced from Japan and susceptible P. thunbergii native to China were used to investigate the effects of different lines inoculated with PWN. We determined the expression levels of the terpene synthesis-related genes geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 1 (HMDH1), two kinds of alpha-farnesene synthase (PT) genes. The types and the relative percentage content of terpenoids in the pine needles were also determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results show that the growth, population size and migration of PWNs were significantly inhibited. The expression of terpene synthesis genes in the resistant P. thunbergii was higher than that in the susceptible one. The analysis of terpenoids revealed a total of 41 terpenoids, of which resistant P. thunbergii contained 39 and susceptible P. thunbergii only 28; 14 terpenoids were specific to resistant P. thunbergii, in which 8 of the terpenoids were constitutive terpenes and 6 were inducible terpenes. There were 3 terpenes unique to the susceptible P. thunbergii, and only 1 inducible terpene. Our results showed that the reduction in the expression of disease symptom and suppression of PWNs in resistant P. thunbergii was likely related to differences in the types and content of resistance-related substances in the trees. This study does not specifically connect elevated compounds in resistant P. thunbergii to resistance to PWN and assays should be conducted to establish direct effects of terpenoids on pinewood nematode activity and reproduction.
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6
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New discovery on the nematode activity of aureothin and alloaureothin isolated from endophytic bacteria Streptomyces sp. AE170020. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3947. [PMID: 35273247 PMCID: PMC8913828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria, a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites, are ideal candidates for environmentally benign agents. In this study, an endophytic strain, Streptomyces sp. AE170020, was isolated and selected for the purification of nematicidal substances based on its high nematicidal activity. Two highly active components, aureothin and alloaureothin, were identified, and their chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic analysis. Both compounds suppressed the growth, reproduction, and behavior of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. In in vivo experiments, the extracts of strain Streptomyces sp. AE170020 effectively suppressed the development of pine wilt disease in 4-year-old plants of Pinus densiflora. The potency of secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic strains suggests applications in controlling Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and opens an avenue for further research on exploring bioactive substances against the pine wood nematode.
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Faria JMS, Barbosa P, Vieira P, Vicente CSL, Figueiredo AC, Mota M. Phytochemicals as Biopesticides against the Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: A Review on Essential Oils and Their Volatiles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122614. [PMID: 34961085 PMCID: PMC8706428 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of a rapidly changing environment together with the growth in global trade activities has promoted new plant pest pandemic events in forest ecosystems. The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes strong worldwide economic and ecological impacts. Direct control is performed through trunk injection of powerful nematicides, however many of these (hemi)synthetic compounds have raised ecological and human health concerns for affecting non-target species and accumulating in food products. As sustainable alternatives, essential oils (EOs) have shown very promising results. In this work, available literature on the direct activity of EOs against PWN is reviewed, as a contribution to advance the search for safer and greener biopesticides to be used in sustainable PWD pest management strategies. For the first time, important parameters concerning the bioassays performed, the PWNs bioassayed, and the EOs used are summarized and comparatively analyzed. Ultimately, an overview of the chemical composition of the most active EOs allowed to uncover preliminary guidelines for anti-PWN EO efficiency. The analysis of important information on the volatile phytochemicals composing nematicidal EOs provides a solid basis to engineer sustainable biopesticides capable of controlling the PWN under an integrated pest management framework and contributes to improved forest health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. S. Faria
- INIAV, I.P., National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;
- NemaLab-MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (P.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro Barbosa
- NemaLab-MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Paulo Vieira
- School of Plant and Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Cláudia S. L. Vicente
- INIAV, I.P., National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;
- NemaLab-MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (P.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Ana Cristina Figueiredo
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa), Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal (CBV), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, DBV, C2, Piso 1, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Manuel Mota
- NemaLab-MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (P.B.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
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Li H, Liu G, Zhang DX, Lin X, Liu G, Xu S, Liu F, Mu W. Wheat Root Protection From Cereal Cyst Nematode ( Heterodera avenae) by Fluopyram Seed Treatment. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2466-2471. [PMID: 33529065 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-20-1851-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae), an important plant-parasitic nematode causing yield losses of wheat, has been found in many provinces in China. It is urgent to develop an effective method of protecting wheat from H. avenae damage. Because of its novel mode of action, fluopyram has been registered for controlling root-knot nematodes on cucumber and tomato in China. However, the bioactivity of fluopyram against H. avenae and whether this seed treatment can effectively control H. avenae on wheat remains unknown. In this study, a bioactivity assay revealed that fluopyram increased the mortality of H. avenae second-stage juveniles (J2), with lethal concentrations (LC) required to kill 50% (LC50) and 90% (LC90) of 0.92 mg⋅liter-1 and 2.92 mg⋅liter-1, respectively. Hatching tests showed that the H. avenae egg hatching percent was reduced by 35.2 to 69.2% with fluopyram at rates of 1.6 to 6.4 mg⋅liter-1, and that the egg hatching period was delayed by 3 to 9 days compared with the control. During pot and field trials, fluopyram seed treatment significantly reduced the H. avenae population density and increased wheat yield by 3.0 to 13.7%. Therefore, fluopyram seed treatment is an effective approach for the management of H. avenae on wheat in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
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9
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Ma D, Yang S, Jiang J, Zhu J, Li B, Mu W, Dou D, Liu F. Toxicity, residue and risk assessment of tetraniliprole in soil-earthworm microcosms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112061. [PMID: 33636466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize seed treatment with chemicals to control underground pests is a common agricultural practice, but inappropriate use of insecticides poses a considerable threat to plant development and soil nontarget organisms. In this study, the availability of tetraniliprole seed dressing to control the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the maize seeding stage and its safety to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were investigated. The selective toxicity (ST) of tetraniliprole between E. fetida and A. ipsilon was greater than 4000. No significant adverse effect of tetraniliprole seed treatment on the germination of maize seeds was observed at concentrations of 2.4-9.6 g a.i. /kg seed. Compared with the untreated control, seed treatment with tetraniliprole at 9.6 g a.i. /kg seed greatly reduced the percentage of damaged plants from 88.73% to 26.67%, and achieved the highest control effect of 69.91%. Tetraniliprole of 2.4 g a.i. /kg seed can effectively inhibit A. ipsilon until 14 days after seed germination, with the lowest mortality rate of 44.44%. During the entire exposure period, the maximum residual concentration of tetraniliprole detected in the soil (5.86 mg/kg) was considerably lower than the LC50 value of tetraniliprole to E. fetida (>4000 mg/kg). According to the low-tier risk assessment, the highest risk quotient (RQ) of tetraniliprole seed treatment to earthworms at test concentrations was 2.8 × 10-3, which was evaluated as acceptable. This study provided data support for tetraniliprole seed treatment to control underground pests in maize fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicheng Ma
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangong Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Beixing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China.
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Cui K, He L, Cui G, Zhang T, Chen Y, Zhang T, Mu W, Liu F. Biological Activity of trans-2-Hexenal Against the Storage Insect Pest Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Mycotoxigenic Storage Fungi. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:979-987. [PMID: 33511401 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grain commodities in postharvest storage often deteriorate because of fungal and insect attacks. With the green consumption requirements of consumers, ecofriendly and safe pesticides are needed for grain storage. The current study investigated the efficacy of the plant volatile compound trans-2-hexenal against the storage insect pest Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and three commonly occurring storage fungi, viz., Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger, to recommend its application as a botanical fumigant for grain commodities. trans-2-Hexenal weakly repels T. castaneum but has favorable insecticidal activity against multiple developmental stages of T. castaneum, ranging in sensitivity as follows: eggs (LC50 = 14.3 µl/l) > adults (31.6 µl/l) > young larvae (42.1 µl/l) > mature larvae (64.5 µl/l) > pupae (70.5 µl/l). Moreover, trans-2-hexenal caused a high malformation rate and high mortality in adults developed from fumigated pupae. In a 7-d grain, trans-2-hexenal at 0.8 µl/ml provided an appreciable efficacy (81.3%), and concentrations ≥ 0.1 µl/ml completely inhibited the offspring of T. castaneum. trans-2-Hexenal was nonphytotoxic to the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat seeds. Furthermore, trans-2-hexenal completely inhibited the growth of A. flavus, F. graminearum, and A. niger at 5, 10, and 10 µl/l, respectively. The favorable biological activity of trans-2-hexenal against T. castaneum and three frequently occurring mycotoxigenic storage fungi indicated the potential of trans-2-hexenal for simultaneously controlling pests and pathogens, which could reduce its application frequency in grains and decrease pesticide resistance risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiming He
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangrui Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Grain Storage and Logistics, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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11
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Xiang C, Liu Y, Liu SM, Huang YF, Kong LA, Peng H, Liu MY, Liu J, Peng DL, Huang WK. αβ-Dehydrocurvularin isolated from the fungus Aspergillus welwitschiae effectively inhibited the behaviour and development of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in rice roots. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:48. [PMID: 32126973 PMCID: PMC7055078 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola has become a serious threat to rice production as a result of the cultivation changes from transplanting to direct seeding. The nematicidal activity of Aspergillus welwitschiae have been investigated in vitro, and the disease control efficacy of the active compound has been evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Results The active compound αβ-dehydrocurvularin (αβ-DC), isolated by nematicidal assay-directed fractionation, showed significant nematicidal activity against M. graminicola, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 122.2 μg mL− 1. αβ-DC effectively decreased the attraction of rice roots to nematodes and the infection of nematodes and also suppressed the development of nematodes under greenhouse conditions. Moreover, αβ-DC efficiently reduced the root gall index under field conditions. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the nematicidal activity of αβ-DC against M. graminicola. The results obtained under greenhouse and field conditions provide a basis for developing commercial formulations from αβ-DC to control M. graminicola in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Bureau of Water Resource in Xingtang County, Shijiazhuang, 050600, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fei Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-An Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Lu F, Guo K, Chen A, Chen S, Lin H, Zhou X. Transcriptomic profiling of effects of emamectin benzoate on the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:747-757. [PMID: 31386282 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emamectin benzoate (EB) has recently been successfully applied as a trunk injection for preventative control of the pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Here, a whole-organism transcriptomic analysis provides comprehensive insights into the adverse effects of EB on B. xylophilus. RESULTS A large set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found, demonstrating the antagonistic effects of EB on B. xylophilus embryonic and larval development, reproduction, nervous and motor systems, and pathogenesis. In toxicity assays with EB, the number of eggs laid, hatching rate, thrashing frequency, and developmental rate of B. xylophilus were significantly suppressed at low concentrations (0.1 μg mL-1 ). Moreover, the transcriptional changes validated by real-time quantitative PCR showed downregulated transcript levels of the genes encoding pectate lyases, β-1,4-endoglucanases, and upregulated the genes encoding glutamate-gated chloride channel, γ-aminobutyric acid type β receptor, uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyl transferase, ATP-binding cassette transporter. The potential responses of B. xylophilus to EB included the upregulation of several genes putatively contributing to oocyte protection, stem cell renewal, and xenobiotic degradation, implying the potential for drug resistance to develop. CONCLUSION Our findings further our understanding of the effects of EB for managing the PWD and may help to improve the pesticide-use strategies for controlling B. xylophilus. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, State key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, State key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Anliang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, State key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shani Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, State key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, State key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, State key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Jang JY, Le Dang Q, Choi GJ, Park HW, Kim JC. Control of root-knot nematodes using Waltheria indica producing 4-quinolone alkaloids. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2264-2270. [PMID: 30701660 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waltheria indica exhibited strong nematocidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita, a causal agent of root-knot nematode disease. This study aimed to characterize the nematocidal metabolites and to evaluate the efficacy of the formulated extract of W. indica in the biological control of M. incognita under both pot and field conditions. RESULTS Three 4-quinolone alkaloids, 5'-methoxywaltherione A, waltherione A and waltherione C, were isolated and characterized as nematocidal metabolites. 5'-Methoxywaltherione A and waltherione A caused high mortality in juveniles of Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, M. incognita and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, whereas waltherione C exhibited significant nematocidal activity against only root-knot nematodes. In pot experiments, application of a wettable powder-type formulation of the ethyl acetate extract of W. indica (W. indica WP20) at 26.7, 53.4 and 106.8 mg a.i. kg-1 soil significantly reduced the formation of galls and egg masses on the roots of tomato plants in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, application of 20 mg a.i. per plant W. indica WP20 effectively reduced gall formation on the roots of melon plants and population density of nematode in soil compared with untreated control under field conditions. CONCLUSION W. indica can be used as an effective botanical nematicide in the eco-friendly control of root-knot nematode disease. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Yeong Jang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Korea
| | - Quang Le Dang
- Department of Phytochemistry, Vietnam Institute of Industrial Chemistry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Woong Park
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Liu MJ, Hwang BS, Jin CZ, Li WJ, Park DJ, Seo ST, Kim CJ. Screening, isolation and evaluation of a nematicidal compound from actinomycetes against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1585-1593. [PMID: 30461185 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a migratory endoparasitic nematode known to cause severe environmental damage and economic losses in pine forest ecosystems. This present study investigated the nematicidal metabolites of actinomycetes in vitro and evaluated the disease control efficacy of the active compound and metabolites under greenhouse and field conditions. RESULTS Five thousand types of actinobacteria from Korean forest soil samples were screened to identify novel nematicidal agents against the pine wood nematode. Streptomyces sp. AN091965 showed the strongest nematicidal activity. One active compound, spectinabilin, was obtained by nematicidal asssy-directed fractionation, and it showed significant nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus, with an LC50 value of 0.84 µg mL-1 . Spectinabilin effectively suppressed the development of pine wilt disease in 5-year-old Pinus densiflora trees, even at 0.9 mg per tree under greenhouse conditions. Moreover, the acetone extract of the active strain's mycelia efficiently suppressed the development of pine wilt disease under field conditions. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this the first report to describe the nematicidal activity of spectinabilin against B. xylophilus. The cell extracts described herein merit further field studies as potential nematicides against the pine wood nematode. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jiao Liu
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byung-Soon Hwang
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chun-Zhi Jin
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Jin Park
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Tae Seo
- Division of Forest Diseases and Insect Pests, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Kim
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
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15
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Rajasekharan SK, Lee JH, Ravichandran V, Kim JC, Park JG, Lee J. Nematicidal and insecticidal activities of halogenated indoles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2010. [PMID: 30765810 PMCID: PMC6375993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasite death via ion channel activations is the hallmark of anthelmintic and antiparasitic drugs. Glutamate gated chloride channel (GluCl) is a prominent targets for drug selection and design in parasitology. We report several iodine-fluorine based lead activators of GluCl by computational studies and structure-activity relationship analysis. 5-Fluoro-4-iodo-1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridine and 5-iodoindole were bioactive hits that displayed in vitro anthelmintic and insecticidal activities against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Meloidogyne incognita, and Tenebrio molitor. Two important findings stood out: (i) 5F4IPP induced parasite death, and interacted proficiently with Gln219 amino acid of pentameric GluCl in docking analysis, and (ii) 5-iodoindole appeared to act by forming giant vacuoles in nematodes, which led to a form of non-apoptotic death known as methuosis. The study suggests halogenated-indoles and 1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridine derivatives be regarded potential biocides for plant-parasitic nematodes and insects, and warrants further research on the mode of actions, and field investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinothkannan Ravichandran
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang, 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Guo QQ, Du GC, Li YX, Liang CY, Wang C, Zhang YN, Li RG. Nematotoxic coumarins from Angelica pubescens Maxim. f. biserrata Shan et Yuan roots and their physiological effects on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. J Nematol 2018; 50:559-568. [PMID: 31094158 PMCID: PMC6909311 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2018-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ethanol extracts from the roots of Angelica pubescens Maxim. f. biserrata Shan et Yuan was toxic against the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction derived from this extract increased its potency with a mortality of 95.25% in 72 hr at 1.0 mg/mL. Four nematotoxic coumarins were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract by bioassay-guided isolation. These were identified as osthole 1, columbianadin 2, bergapten 3 and xanthotoxin 4 by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data analysis. The LC50 values against B. xylophilus in 72 hr were 489.17, 406.74, 430.08, and 435.66 μM, respectively. These compounds also altered the smooth morphology of the B. xylophilus exoskeleton to a rough and pitted appearance as visualized by electron microscopy. The coumarins 1-4 possessed significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities but had negligible effects on amylase and cellulase. This research provides additional clues to the nematotoxic mechanism of coumarins against the pine wood nematode B. xylophilus. This work will assist in the development of coumarin nematicides with enhanced activity using molecular modifications of the core coumarin structure. The ethanol extracts from the roots of Angelica pubescens Maxim. f. biserrata Shan et Yuan was toxic against the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction derived from this extract increased its potency with a mortality of 95.25% in 72 hr at 1.0 mg/mL. Four nematotoxic coumarins were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract by bioassay-guided isolation. These were identified as osthole 1, columbianadin 2, bergapten 3 and xanthotoxin 4 by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data analysis. The LC50 values against B. xylophilus in 72 hr were 489.17, 406.74, 430.08, and 435.66 μM, respectively. These compounds also altered the smooth morphology of the B. xylophilus exoskeleton to a rough and pitted appearance as visualized by electron microscopy. The coumarins 1-4 possessed significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities but had negligible effects on amylase and cellulase. This research provides additional clues to the nematotoxic mechanism of coumarins against the pine wood nematode B. xylophilus. This work will assist in the development of coumarin nematicides with enhanced activity using molecular modifications of the core coumarin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Qun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308, Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Gui-Cai Du
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308, Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yong-Xing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308, Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Chen-Yan Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308, Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308, Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308, Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Rong-Gui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308, Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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Rajasekharan SK, Lee JH, Ravichandran V, Lee J. Assessments of iodoindoles and abamectin as inducers of methuosis in pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6803. [PMID: 28754990 PMCID: PMC5533787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a quarantined migratory endoparasite known to cause severe economic losses in pine forest ecosystems. The study presents the nematicidal effects of halogenated indoles on B. xylophilus and their action mechanisms. 5-Iodoindole and abamectin (positive control) at low concentration (10 µg/mL) presented similar and high nematicidal activities against B. xylophilus. 5-Iodoindole diminished fecundity, reproductive activities, embryonic and juvenile lethality and locomotor behaviors. Molecular interactions of ligands with invertebrate-specific glutamate gated chloride channel receptor reinforced the notion that 5-iodoindole, like abamectin, rigidly binds to the active sites of the receptor. 5-Iodoindole also induced diverse phenotypic deformities in nematodes including abnormal organ disruption/shrinkage and increased vacuolization. These findings suggest the prospective role of vacuoles in nematode death by methuosis. Importantly, 5-iodoindole was nontoxic to two plants, Brassica oleracea and Raphanus raphanistrum. Henceforth, the study warrants the application of iodoindoles in ecological environments to control the devastating pine destruction by B. xylophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinothkannan Ravichandran
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Renahan T, Hong RL. A species-specific nematocide that results in terminal embryogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:3238-3247. [PMID: 28684461 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.159665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nematode-insect interactions are ubiquitous, complex and constantly changing as the host and nematode coevolve. The entomophilic nematode Pristionchus pacificus is found on a myriad beetle species worldwide, although the molecular dynamics of this relationship are largely unknown. To better understand how host cues affect P. pacificus embryogenesis, we characterized the threshold of sensitivity to the pheromone (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one (ZTDO) by determining the minimum exposure duration and developmental window that results in P. pacificus embryonic lethality. We found early-stage embryos exposed to volatile ZTDO for as few as 4 h all display terminal embryogenesis, characterized by punctuated development up to 48 h later, with abnormal morphology and limited cavity formation. To determine if the pheromone arrests pre-hatching development by suffocating or permeabilizing the eggshells, we raised embryos under anoxic conditions and also examined eggshell permeability using the lipophilic dye FM4-64. We found that asphyxiating the embryos arrested embryogenesis in a reversible manner but did not phenocopy the effects of ZTDO exposure, whereas the ZTDO-induced disruption of embryogenesis did correlate with increased eggshell permeability. The effects of ZTDO are also highly specific, as other lipid insect compounds do not produce any detectable embryocidal effect. The high specificity and unusual teratogenic effect of ZTDO may be important in mediating the host-nematode relationship by regulating P. pacificus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Renahan
- California State University, Northridge, Department of Biology, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA
| | - Ray L Hong
- California State University, Northridge, Department of Biology, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA
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