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Vieira G, Sette LD, de Angelis DA, Sass DC. Antifungal activity of cyclopaldic acid from Antarctic Penicillium against phytopathogenic fungi. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:374. [PMID: 37860288 PMCID: PMC10581961 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause great economic losses in agriculture. To reduce damage, chemical pesticides have been frequently used, but these compounds in addition to causing risks to the environment and health, its continuous use has given rise to resistant phytopathogens, threatening the efficiency of control methods. One alternative for such a problem is the use of natural products with high antifungal activity and low toxicity. Here, we present the production, isolation, and identification of cyclopaldic acid, a bioactive compound produced by Penicillium sp. CRM 1540, a fungal strain isolated from Antarctic marine sediment. The crude extract was fractionated by reversed-phase chromatography and yielded 40 fractions, from which fraction F17 was selected. We used 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis in DMSO-d6 and CDCl3, together with mass spectrometry, to identify the compound as cyclopaldic acid C11H10O6 (238 Da). The pure compound was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi of global agricultural importance, namely: Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The antifungal assay revealed the potential of cyclopaldic acid, produced by Penicillium sp. CRM 1540, as a leading molecule against M. phaseolina and R. solani, with more than 90% of growth inhibition after 96h of contact with the fungal cells using 100 µg mL-1, and more than 70% using 50 µg mL-1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03792-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Vieira
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900 Brazil
| | - Lara Durães Sette
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900 Brazil
| | - Derlene Attili de Angelis
- Division of Microbial Resources, CPQBA, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Sass
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900 Brazil
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Shcherbinin VA, Nasibullina ER, Mendogralo EY, Uchuskin MG. Natural epoxyquinoids: isolation, biological activity and synthesis. An update. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8215-8243. [PMID: 37812083 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01141k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Epoxyquinoids are of continuing interest due to their wide natural distribution and diverse biological activities, including, but not limited to, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, enzyme inhibitory, and others. The last review on their total synthesis was published in 2017. Since then, almost 100 articles have been published on their isolation from nature and their biological profile. In addition, the review specifically considers synthesis, including total and enantioselective, as well as the development of shorter approaches for the construction of epoxyquinoids with complex chemical architecture. Thus, this review focuses on progress in this area in order to stimulate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly A Shcherbinin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina R Nasibullina
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena Y Mendogralo
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation.
| | - Maxim G Uchuskin
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation.
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Osuna-Caballero S, Olivoto T, Jiménez-Vaquero MA, Rubiales D, Rispail N. RGB image-based method for phenotyping rust disease progress in pea leaves using R. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:86. [PMID: 37605206 PMCID: PMC10440949 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rust is a damaging disease affecting vital crops, including pea, and identifying highly resistant genotypes remains a challenge. Accurate measurement of infection levels in large germplasm collections is crucial for finding new resistance sources. Current evaluation methods rely on visual estimation of disease severity and infection type under field or controlled conditions. While they identify some resistance sources, they are error-prone and time-consuming. An image analysis system proves useful, providing an easy-to-use and affordable way to quickly count and measure rust-induced pustules on pea samples. This study aimed to develop an automated image analysis pipeline for accurately calculating rust disease progression parameters under controlled conditions, ensuring reliable data collection. RESULTS A highly efficient and automatic image-based method for assessing rust disease in pea leaves was developed using R. The method's optimization and validation involved testing different segmentation indices and image resolutions on 600 pea leaflets with rust symptoms. The approach allows automatic estimation of parameters like pustule number, pustule size, leaf area, and percentage of pustule coverage. It reconstructs time series data for each leaf and integrates daily estimates into disease progression parameters, including latency period and area under the disease progression curve. Significant variation in disease responses was observed between genotypes using both visual ratings and image-based analysis. Among assessed segmentation indices, the Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI) proved fastest, analysing 600 leaflets at 60% resolution in 62 s with parallel processing. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between image-based and visual pustule counting showed over 0.98 accuracy at full resolution. While lower resolution slightly reduced accuracy, differences were statistically insignificant for most disease progression parameters, significantly reducing processing time and storage space. NGRDI was optimal at all time points, providing highly accurate estimations with minimal accumulated error. CONCLUSIONS A new image-based method for monitoring pea rust disease in detached leaves, using RGB spectral indices segmentation and pixel value thresholding, improves resolution and precision. It rapidly analyses hundreds of images with accuracy comparable to visual methods and higher than other image-based approaches. This method evaluates rust progression in pea, eliminating rater-induced errors from traditional methods. Implementing this approach to evaluate large germplasm collections will improve our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions and aid future breeding for novel pea cultivars with increased rust resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago Olivoto
- Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88034-000, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nicolas Rispail
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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Abramczyk B, Pecio Ł, Kozachok S, Kowalczyk M, Marzec-Grządziel A, Król E, Gałązka A, Oleszek W. Pioneering Metabolomic Studies on Diaporthe eres Species Complex from Fruit Trees in the South-Eastern Poland. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031175. [PMID: 36770841 PMCID: PMC9920373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi from the genus Diaporthe have been reported as plant pathogens, endophytes, and saprophytes on a wide range of host plants worldwide. Their precise identification is problematic since many Diaporthe species can colonize a single host plant, whereas the same Diaporthe species can inhabit many hosts. Recently, Diaporthe has been proven to be a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. In our initial study, 40 Diaporthe isolates were analyzed for their metabolite production. A total of 153 compounds were identified based on their spectroscopic properties-Ultraviolet-visible and mass spectrometry. From these, 43 fungal metabolites were recognized as potential chemotaxonomic markers, mostly belonging to the drimane sesquiterpenoid-phthalide hybrid class. This group included mainly phytotoxic compounds such as cyclopaldic acid, altiloxin A, B, and their derivatives. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the metabolomic studies on Diaporthe eres species complex from fruit trees in the South-Eastern Poland. The results from our study may provide the basis for the future research on the isolation of identified metabolites and on their bioactive potential for agricultural applications as biopesticides or biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Abramczyk
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Solomiia Kozachok
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Marzec-Grządziel
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Ewa Król
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gałązka
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Osuna-Caballero S, Rispail N, Barilli E, Rubiales D. Identification and Characterization of Novel Sources of Resistance to Rust Caused by Uromyces pisi in Pisum spp. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2268. [PMID: 36079654 PMCID: PMC9460634 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pea rust is a major disease worldwide caused by Uromyces pisi in temperate climates. Only moderate levels of partial resistance against U. pisi have been identified so far in pea, urging for enlarging the levels of resistance available for breeding. Herein, we describe the responses to U. pisi of 320 Pisum spp. accessions, including cultivated pea and wild relatives, both under field and controlled conditions. Large variations for U. pisi infection response for most traits were observed between pea accessions under both field and controlled conditions, allowing the detection of genotypes with partial resistance. Simultaneous multi-trait indexes were applied to the datasets allowing the identification of partial resistance, particularly in accessions JI224, BGE004710, JI198, JI199, CGN10205, and CGN10206. Macroscopic observations were complemented with histological observations on the nine most resistant accessions and compared with three intermediates and three susceptible ones. This study confirmed that the reduced infection of resistant accessions was associated with smaller rust colonies due to a reduction in the number of haustoria and hyphal tips per colony. Additionally, a late acting hypersensitive response was identified for the first time in a pea accession (PI273209). These findings demonstrate that screening pea collections continues to be a necessary method in the search for complete resistance against U. pisi. In addition, the large phenotypic diversity contained in the studied collection will be useful for further association analysis and breeding perspectives.
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Barilli E, Agudo FJ, Masi M, Nocera P, Evidente A, Rubiales D. Anthraquinones and their analogues as potential biocontrol agents of rust and powdery mildew diseases of field crops. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3489-3497. [PMID: 35567400 PMCID: PMC9543780 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rusts and powdery mildews are severe fungal diseases of major crops worldwide, including cereals and legumes. They can be managed by chemical fungicide treatments, with negative consequences as environmental pollution and risk for human and animal health. Bioactive natural products could be the safest alternative for pest control. The family of anthraquinones, as well as analogue compounds containing an anthraquinone moiety or some modified anthraquinone rings, has been reported to exhibit certain antibiotic activity. Thus, the potential antifungal activity of some anthraquinones isolated from Ascochyta lentis, was assayed in this study for their effectiveness to reduce rust and powdery mildew diseases on pea and oat. Their effect on fungal development was macro- and microscopically assessed on inoculated leaves, and compared to the control achieved by the chemical fungicide (Tetraconazol 12.5% and Azoxystrobin 25%). In addition, the most promising compound was also tested at different concentrations in inoculated whole plants in order to evaluate its preventive and curative potential against fungal infection. RESULTS All metabolites studied strongly reduced the development of rust and powdery mildews in both pea and oat, being pachybasin and lentiquinone C the most effective ones in hampering fungal spore germination and appressoria formation. Some of them also affected post-penetration events reducing colony size and number of haustoria per colony. Results were confirmed for pachybasin in whole plants assays, showing an efficacy similar to the commercial fungicide to control fungal diseases, both in preventive and curative applications. CONCLUSIONS Some fungal anthraquinones and close metabolites, especially pachybasin, could be very promising molecules with effective potential as antifungal agents against both rust and powdery mildew of both pea and oat. Some structure activity-relationships feature have also been evaluated. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico IIComplesso Universitario Monte Sant'AngeloNaplesItaly
| | - Paola Nocera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico IIComplesso Universitario Monte Sant'AngeloNaplesItaly
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico IIComplesso Universitario Monte Sant'AngeloNaplesItaly
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Cyclopaldic Acid, the Main Phytotoxic Metabolite of Diplodia cupressi, Induces Programmed Cell Death and Autophagy in Arabidopsis thaliana. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070474. [PMID: 35878212 PMCID: PMC9325063 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclopaldic acid is one of the main phytotoxic metabolites produced by fungal pathogens of the genus Seiridium, causal agents, among others, of the canker disease of plants of the Cupressaceae family. Previous studies showed that the metabolite can partially reproduce the symptoms of the infection and that it is toxic to different plant species, thereby proving to be a non-specific phytotoxin. Despite the remarkable biological effects of the compound, which revealed also insecticidal, fungicidal and herbicidal properties, information about its mode of action is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of cyclopaldic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana plants and protoplasts, in order to get information about subcellular targets and mechanism of action. Results of biochemical assays showed that cyclopaldic acid induced leaf chlorosis, ion leakage, membrane-lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide production, inhibited root proton extrusion in vivo and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in vitro. qRT-PCR experiments demonstrated that the toxin elicited the transcription of key regulators of the immune response to necrotrophic fungi, of hormone biosynthesis, as well as of genes involved in senescence and programmed cell death. Confocal microscopy analysis of protoplasts allowed to address the question of subcellular targets of the toxin. Cyclopaldic acid targeted the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, inducing depolarization of the transmembrane potential, mitochondria, disrupting the mitochondrial network and eliciting overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and vacuole, determining tonoplast disgregation and induction of vacuole-mediated programmed cell death and autophagy.
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An Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Four Fungal Metabolites with Potential Application as Biocides for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060407. [PMID: 35737068 PMCID: PMC9227397 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocides based on chemical synthetic compounds have been commonly used to counteract damages caused by microorganisms on stone cultural heritage. However, in the last few years, the use of commercial and traditional biocides has been banned and/or limited due to their dangerous profile for the environment, as well as human and animal health. Natural products could be used as suitable alternatives for cultural heritage purposes, as they have low toxicity and stability compared with synthetic pesticides. Even if most of the investigated solutions have already shown promising results, their efficiency, ecotoxicological, and chemical features are poorly investigated. In this manuscript, we aimed to evaluate the ecotoxicological profile of four fungal metabolites-namely, cavoxin, epi-epoformin, seiridin, and sphaeropsidone-with potential antimicrobial properties for monumental artworks. A battery of ecotoxicological tests using Aliivibrio fischeri (bacterium), Raphidocelis subcapitata (alga), Raphanus sativus L. (macrophyte), Daphnia magna (crustacean), and Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) revealed a relative lower toxicity of these compounds, especially when compared with Preventol® and Rocima®, commercial biocides mainly used for the conservation of cultural heritage.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation of Natural Products with Potential Applications as Biopesticides. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110805. [PMID: 34822589 PMCID: PMC8617648 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural products in agriculture as pesticides has been strongly advocated. However, it is necessary to assess their toxicity to ensure their safe use. In the present study, mammalian cell lines and fish models of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) have been used to investigate the toxic effects of ten natural products which have potential applications as biopesticides. The fungal metabolites cavoxin, epi-epoformin, papyracillic acid, seiridin and sphaeropsidone, together with the plant compounds inuloxins A and C and ungeremine, showed no toxic effects in mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos. Conversely, cyclopaldic and α-costic acids, produced by Seiridium cupressi and Dittrichia viscosa, respectively, caused significant mortality in zebrafish and medaka embryos as a result of yolk coagulation. However, both compounds showed little effect in zebrafish or mammalian cell lines in culture, thus highlighting the importance of the fish embryotoxicity test in the assessment of environmental impact. Given the embryotoxicity of α-costic acid and cyclopaldic acid, their use as biopesticides is not recommended. Further ecotoxicological studies are needed to evaluate the potential applications of the other compounds.
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Ganassi S, Masi M, Grazioso P, Evidente A, De Cristofaro A. Activity of Some Plant and Fungal Metabolites towards Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae). Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:285. [PMID: 33919648 PMCID: PMC8073068 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a widespread mosquito, a vector of important human arboviruses, including Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika. It is an extremely difficult species to control even for the onset of resistances to chemicals insecticides, therefore ecofriendly products are urgently needed. In this study, the activity of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and some of their semisynthetic derivatives, of 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and two analogues, of cyclopaldic acid and epi-epoformin on the survival and development of Ae. albopictus larvae was evaluated. First-instar larval exposure for 24 and 48 h to cyclopaldic acid, resulted in mortality mean per-centage of 82.4 and 96.9 respectively; 1,2-O,O-diacetyllycorine 48h post-treatment caused 84.7% mortality. Larval and pupal duration were proved to decrease significantly when larvae were exposed to cyclopaldic acid, 1,2-O,O-diacetyllycorine and N-methyllycorine iodide. The mean number of third-instar larvae surviving to 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was significantly lower than the number of correspondent control larvae over the time. This study indicated that 1,2-O,O'-diacetyllycorine, N-methyllycorine iodide, cyclopaldic acid and 1,4-naphthoquinone structural derivatives have good potential for developing bioinsecticides for mosquito control programs. The obtained results are of general interest due to the global importance of the seri-ous human diseases such a vector is able to spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ganassi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Pasqualina Grazioso
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Antonio De Cristofaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.); (A.D.C.)
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Masi M, Petraretti M, De Natale A, Pollio A, Evidente A. Fungal Metabolites with Antagonistic Activity against Fungi of Lithic Substrata. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020295. [PMID: 33669378 PMCID: PMC7920264 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are among the biotic agents that can cause deterioration of building stones and cultural heritage. The most common methods used to control fungal spread and growth are based on chemical pesticides. However, the massive use of these synthetic chemicals produces heavy environmental pollution and risk to human and animal health. Furthermore, their use is time dependent and relies on the repetition of treatments, which increases the possibility of altering building stones and culture heritage through environmental contamination. One alternative is the use of natural products with high antifungal activity, which can result in reduced toxicity and deterioration of archeological remains. Recently, three fungal strains, namely Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum, were isolated as damaging agents from the external tuff wall of the Roman remains "Villa of Poppea" in Oplontis, Naples, Italy. In this manuscript, three selected fungal metabolites, namely cyclopaldic acid, cavoxin and epi-epoformin, produced by fungi pathogenic for forest plants, were evaluated as potential antifungal compounds against the above fungi. Cavoxin and epi-epoformin showed antifungal activity against Asperigillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum, while cyclopaldic acid showed no activity when tested on the three fungi. The same antifungal activity was observed in vitro experiments on infected stones of the Neapolitan yellow tuff (NYT), a volcanic lithotype widely diffused in the archeological sites of Campania, Italy. This study represents a first step in the use of these two fungal metabolites to allow better preservation of artworks and to guarantee the conditions suitable for their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-674239
| | - Mariagioia Petraretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (A.D.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino De Natale
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (A.D.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (A.D.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
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12
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Roscetto E, Masi M, Esposito M, Di Lecce R, Delicato A, Maddau L, Calabrò V, Evidente A, Catania MR. Anti-Biofilm Activity of the Fungal Phytotoxin Sphaeropsidin A Against Clinical Isolates of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E444. [PMID: 32650496 PMCID: PMC7404997 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens involved in human infection have rapidly increased their antibiotic resistance, reducing the effectiveness of therapies in recent decades. Most of them can form biofilms and effective drugs are not available to treat these formations. Natural products could represent an efficient solution in discovering and developing new drugs to overcome antimicrobial resistance and treat biofilm-related infections. In this study, 20 secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi of forest plants and belonging to diverse classes of naturally occurring compounds were evaluated for the first time against clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. epi-Epoformin, sphaeropsidone, and sphaeropsidin A showed antimicrobial activity on all test strains. In particular, sphaeropsidin A was effective at low concentrations with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.25 μg/mL to 12.5 μg/mL against all reference and clinical test strains. Furthermore, sphaeropsidin A at sub-inhibitory concentrations decreased methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and P. aeruginosa biofilm formation, as quantified by crystal violet staining. Interestingly, mixtures of sphaeropsidin A and epi-epoformin have shown antimicrobial synergistic effects with a concomitant reduction of cytotoxicity against human immortalized keratinocytes. Our data show that sphaeropsidin A and epi-epoformin possess promising antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Roscetto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.E.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Matilde Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.E.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Roberta Di Lecce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Antonella Delicato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (V.C.)
| | - Lucia Maddau
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Catania
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.E.); (M.R.C.)
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13
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Barilli E, González-Bernal MJ, Cimmino A, Agudo-Jurado FJ, Masi M, Rubiales D, Evidente A. Impact of fungal and plant metabolites application on early development stages of pea powdery mildew. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2464-2473. [PMID: 30672110 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pea powdery mildew incited by Erysiphe pisi represents a major constraint for pea crops worldwide. Crop protection is largely based on chemical control, although recently a renewed interest in the discovery of natural products as alternatives to synthetic fungicides application has emerged. Thus, 12 bioactive plant and fungal metabolites belonging to different class of natural compounds were evaluated, together with a commercial fungicide, at different concentrations on detached pea leaves for their potential to inhibit spore germination and subsequent stages of fungal growth. The most effective metabolites were tested at different concentrations in planta under controlled conditions to evaluate the level of control achieved by treatments before, concurrently and after pathogen inoculation. Pathogen development was macroscopically scored on whole plants as percentage of disease severity and area under the disease progress curve. RESULTS Cavoxin, inuloxin C and sphaeropsidin A strongly inhibited E. pisi germination and haustoria formation and reduced colony size. This effect was dose dependent. These results were further confirmed in whole plants by spraying the metabolites on plant leaves for preventive or curative control, which reduced fungal developmental of E. pisi at levels comparable with those obtained by application of the fungicide. CONCLUSIONS Cavoxin, inuloxin C and sphaeropsidin A have potential as alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of crop pathogens of economic importance such as powdery mildew. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
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14
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Cala A, Masi M, Cimmino A, Molinillo JMG, Macias FA, Evidente A. (+) -epi-Epoformin, a Phytotoxic Fungal Cyclohexenepoxide: Structure Activity Relationships. Molecules 2018; 23:E1529. [PMID: 29941851 PMCID: PMC6100255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(+)-epi-Epoformin (1), is a fungal cyclohexene epoxide isolated together with diplopimarane and sphaeropsidins A and C, a nor-ent-pimarane and two pimaranes, from the culture filtrates of Diplodia quercivora, a fungal pathogen for cork oak in Sardinia, Italy. Compound 1 possesses a plethora of biological activities, including antifungal, zootoxic and phytotoxic activity. The last activity and the peculiar structural feature of 1 suggested to carry out a structure activity relationship study, preparing eight key hemisynthetic derivatives and the phytotoxicity was assayed. The complete spectroscopic characterization and the activity in the etiolated wheat coleoptile bioassay of all the compounds is reported. Most of the compounds inhibited growth and some of them had comparable or higher activity than the natural product and the reference herbicide Logran. As regards the structure-activity relationship, the carbonyl proved to be essential for their activity of 1, as well as the conjugated double bond, while the epoxide could be altered with no significant loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cala
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cádiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - José M G Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cádiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Francisco A Macias
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cádiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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15
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Valerio F, Masi M, Cimmino A, Moeini SA, Lavermicocca P, Evidente A. Antimould microbial and plant metabolites with potential use in intelligent food packaging. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1605-1610. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1385018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Valerio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Seyed Arash Moeini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Lavermicocca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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