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Xiang D, Wang Z, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhang H, Yang K. Measurement of Fitness and Predatory Ability of Four Predatory Mite Species in Tibetan Plateau under Laboratory Conditions. INSECTS 2024; 15:119. [PMID: 38392538 PMCID: PMC10889832 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Predatory mites are biological control agents used in many countries against various vegetable pests, particularly spider mites. Despite the significant presence of predatory mites in the Tibetan plateau, there is limited research on their potential against spider mites in the area. This study investigated the fitness parameters and performance against TSSM of four predatory, including Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) and three species from the genus Neoseiulus (Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes), and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans)), originally collected from fields in the Tibetan Plateau. Compared to the other three predatory species, A. swirskii exhibited the highest fecundity (11.60 ± 0.34) and the highest pre-adult survival rate (83.33 ± 3.33%). Since their juvenile survival rate (SR) was extremely low (13.33% ± 5.77%), most N. barkeri nymphs died before emergence. Compared to the other three predatory mites, A. swirskii showed the highest predation capacity against adult TSSMs at 15 d post-release (14.28 ± 2.24). Based on the results, A. swirskii was the most effective, and N. barkeri was the least effective in controlling two-spotted mites in the Tibetan Plateau among the four species tested in this study. Collectively, these findings imply notable advantages in employing A. swirskii for controlling two-spotted mites in the Tibetan Plateau. This study informs the development of a feasible biological control method based on suitable predatory mite species to manage TSSMs in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- Institute of Vegetable, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Vegetable, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China
| | - Long Xu
- Qingdao Agricultural Administrative Law Enforcement Detachment, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yunchao Wang
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang QJ, Xu WB, Zou W, Xiang XL, Gong ZJ, Cai YJ. The Multifaceted Effects of Short-Term Acute Hypoxia Stress: Insights into the Tolerance Mechanism of Propsilocerus akamusi (Diptera: Chironomidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:800. [PMID: 37887812 PMCID: PMC10607839 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Plenty of freshwater species, especially macroinvertebrates that are essential to the provision of numerous ecosystem functions, encounter higher mortality due to acute hypoxia. However, within the family Chironomidae, a wide range of tolerance to hypoxia/anoxia is displayed. Propsilocerus akamusi depends on this great tolerance to become a dominant species in eutrophic lakes. To further understand how P. akamusi responds to acute hypoxic stress, we used multi-omics analysis in combination with histomorphological characteristics and physiological indicators. Thus, we set up two groups-a control group (DO 8.4 mg/L) and a hypoxic group (DO 0.39 mg/L)-to evaluate enzyme activity and the transcriptome, metabolome, and histomorphological characteristics. With blue-black chromatin, cell tightness, cell membrane invagination, and the production of apoptotic vesicles, tissue cells displayed typical apoptotic features in the hypoxic group. Although lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), catalase (CAT), and Na+/K+ -ATPase (NKA) activities were dramatically enhanced under hypoxic stress, glycogen content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly reduced compared to the control group. The combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome, which further demonstrated, in addition to carbohydrates, including glycogen, the involvement of energy metabolism pathways, including fatty acid, protein, trehalose, and glyoxylate cycles, provided additional support for the aforementioned findings. Lactate is the end product of glycogen degradation, and HIF-1 plays an important role in promoting glycogenolysis in acute hypoxic conditions. However, we discovered that the ethanol tested under hypoxic stress likely originates from the symbiodinium of P. akamusi. These results imply that some parameters related to energy metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities, and histomorphological features may be used as biomarkers of eutrophic lakes in Chironomus riparius larvae. The study also provides a scientific reference for assessing toxicity and favoring policies to reduce their impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.-J.G.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qing-Ji Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Wen-Bin Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Wei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.-J.G.)
| | - Xian-Ling Xiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.-J.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yong-Jiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.-J.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
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Huang X, Du Q, Wang L, Chen B. Impacts of oxygen deficiency on embryo life-history traits of migratory locust Locusta migratoria from low and high altitudes. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:867-879. [PMID: 36325760 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia challenges aerobic organisms in numerous environments, and hypoxic conditions may become more severe under future climate-change scenarios. The impact of hypoxia on the development of terrestrial insect embryos is not well understood. Here, to address this gap, embryonic life-history traits of migratory locust Locusta migratoria from low-altitude and high-altitude regions were compared under 2 oxygen levels: normoxia (i.e., 21 kPa oxygen partial pressure and mild hypoxia (i.e., 10 kPa oxygen partial pressure). Our results demonstrated that, whether reared under normoxia or mild hypoxia, L. migratoria from high-altitude populations had longer developmental times, reduced weight, and lower mean relative growth rate as compared with those from low-altitude populations. When transferred from normoxia to mild hypoxia, nearly all the tested life-history traits presented significant negative changes in the low-altitude populations, but not in the high-altitude populations. The factor 'strain' alone explained 18.26%-54.59% of the total variation for traits, suggesting that the phenotypic differences between L. migratoria populations from the 2 altitudes could be driven by genetic variation. Significant genetic correlations were found between life-history traits, and most of these showed differentiation between the 2 altitudinal gradients. G-matrix comparisons showed significant structural differences between L. migratoria from the 2 regions, as well as several negative covariances (i.e., trade-offs) between traits in the low-altitude populations. Overall, our study provides clear evidence that evolutionary divergence of embryonic traits between L. migratoria populations from different altitudes has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Huang
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qianli Du
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Kenli Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bing Chen
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
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Men Y, Yang ZW, Luo JY, Chen PP, Moreira FFF, Liu ZH, Yin JD, Xie BJ, Wang YH, Xie Q. Symbiotic Microorganisms and Their Different Association Types in Aquatic and Semiaquatic Bugs. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0279422. [PMID: 36409137 PMCID: PMC9769989 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02794-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
True bugs (Hemiptera, suborder Heteroptera) constitute the largest suborder of nonholometabolous insects and occupy a wide range of habitats various from terrestrial to semiaquatic to aquatic niches. The transition and occupation of these diverse habitats impose various challenges to true bugs, including access to oxygen for the aquatic species and plant defense for the terrestrial phytophagans. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that microorganisms can provide multiple benefits to terrestrial host insects, a systematic study with comprehensive higher taxa sampling that represents aquatic and semiaquatic habitats is still lacking. To explore the role of symbiotic microorganisms in true bug adaptations, 204 samples belonging to all seven infraorders of Heteroptera were investigated, representing approximately 85% of its superfamilies and almost all known habitats. The symbiotic microbial communities of these insects were analyzed based on the full-length amplicons of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS region. Bacterial communities varied among hosts inhabiting terrestrial, semiaquatic, and aquatic habitats, while fungal communities were more related to the geographical distribution of the hosts. Interestingly, co-occurrence networks showed that species inhabiting similar habitats shared symbiotic microorganism association types. Moreover, functional prediction analyses showed that the symbiotic bacterial community of aquatic species displayed richer amino acid and lipid metabolism pathways, while plant-feeding true bugs benefited more from the symbiont-provided xenobiotics biodegradation pathway. These results deepened the recognition that symbiotic microorganisms were likely to help heteropterans occupy diverse ecological habitats and provided a reference framework for further studies on how microorganisms affect host insects living in various habitats. IMPORTANCE Symbiotic bacteria and fungi generally colonize insects and provide various benefits for hosts. Although numerous studies have investigated symbionts in terrestrial plant-feeding insects, explorations of symbiotic bacterial and fungal communities in aquatic and semiaquatic insects are rare. In this study, the symbiotic microorganisms of 204 aquatic, semiaquatic, and terrestrial true bugs were explored. This comprehensive taxon sampling covers ~85% of the superfamilies of true bugs and most insect habitats. Analyses of the diversity of symbionts demonstrated that the symbiotic microbial diversities of true bugs were mainly affected by host habitats. Co-occurrence networks showed that true bugs inhabiting similar habitats shared symbiotic microbial association types. These correlations between symbionts and hosts together with the functions of bacterial communities indicated that symbiotic microbial communities may help true bugs adapt to (semi)aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Men
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-wen Yang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiu-yang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping-ping Chen
- Netherlands Centre of Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Zhi-hui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-dong Yin
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-jun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-hui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yang L, Zhao Z, Luo D, Liang M, Zhang Q. Global Metabolomics of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Explore Metabolic Adaptation to Fresh Water in Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:823. [PMID: 36135524 PMCID: PMC9503472 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic insects are well-adapted to freshwater environments, but metabolic mechanisms of such adaptations, particularly to primary environmental factors (e.g., hypoxia, water pressure, dark light, and abundant microbes), are poorly known. Most firefly species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are terrestrial, but the larvae of a few species are aquatic. We generated 24 global metabolomic profiles of larvae and adults of Aquatica leii (freshwater) and Lychnuris praetexta (terrestrial) to identify freshwater adaptation-related metabolites (AARMs). We identified 110 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) in A. leii (adults vs. aquatic larvae) and 183 DAMs in L. praetexta (adults vs. terrestrial larvae). Furthermore, 100 DAMs specific to aquatic A. leii larvae were screened as AARMs via interspecific comparisons (A. leii vs. L. praetexta), which were primarily involved in antioxidant activity, immune response, energy production and metabolism, and chitin biosynthesis. They were assigned to six categories/superclasses (e.g., lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compound). Finally, ten metabolic pathways shared between KEGG terms specific to aquatic fireflies and enriched by AARMs were screened as aquatic adaptation-related pathways (AARPs). These AARPs were primarily involved in energy metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation, protection of oxidative/immune damage, oxidative stress response, and sense function (e.g., glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and taste transduction), and certain aspects of morphology (e.g., steroid hormone biosynthesis). These results provide evidence suggesting that abundance changes in metabolomes contribute to freshwater adaptation of fireflies. The metabolites identified here may be vital targets for future work to determine the mechanism of freshwater adaptation in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zishun Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- YEN, Chuxiong People’s Hospital, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Mingzhong Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Changes in metabolic profiling of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) under hypoxic stress. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 193:107798. [PMID: 35843291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common concern in shrimp aquaculture, affecting growth and survival. Although recent studies have revealed important insights into hypoxia in shrimp and crustaceans, knowledge gaps remain regarding this stressor at the molecular level. In the present study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was employed to characterize the metabolic signatures and pathways underlying responses of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) to hypoxia and to identify associated candidate biomarkers. We compared metabolite profiles of shrimp haemolymph before (0 h) and after exposure to hypoxia (1 & 2 h). Dissolved oxygen levels were maintained above 85 % saturation in the control and before hypoxia, and 15 % saturation in the hypoxic stress treatment. Results showed 44 metabolites in shrimp haemolymph that were significantly different between before and after hypoxia exposure. These metabolites were energy-related metabolites (e.g., intermediates of citric acid cycle, lactic acid, alanine), fatty acids and amino acids. Pathway analysis revealed 17 pathways that were significantly affected by hypoxia. The changes in metabolites and pathways indicate a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, disturbance in amino acid metabolism, osmoregulation, oxidative damage and Warburg effect-like response caused by hypoxic stress. Among the altered metabolites, lactic acid was most different between before and after hypoxia exposure and had the highest accurate value for biomarker identification. Future investigations may validate this molecule as a stress biomarker in aquaculture. This study contributes to a better understanding of hypoxia in shrimp and crustaceans at the metabolic level and provides a base for future metabolomics investigations on hypoxia.
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Wang YY, Zhang XY, Mu XR, Li X, Zhou M, Song YH, Xu KK, Li C. Insulin-Like ILP2 Regulates Trehalose Metabolism to Tolerate Hypoxia/Hypercapnia in Tribolium castaneum. Front Physiol 2022; 13:857239. [PMID: 35514356 PMCID: PMC9065413 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.857239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi was used to downregulate the expression of insulin-like peptides (ILP2), with air-modulation, and high-concentration CO2 stress, in the larvae of Tribolium castaneum. We assessed the changes in carbohydrate-related content, trehalase activity, and the expression levels of trehalose pathway genes. And pupation, adult emergence, pupation rate, and mortality were assessed. There was a significant change in the expression of ILPs in T. castaneum, at a certain concentration of CO2. ILP2 RNAi did not alter the trehalose content significantly, however, the glycogen and glucose content increased significantly. High-concentration CO2 stress altered the trehalose content and reduced the glycogen and glucose content. The expression levels of TPS and TRE2 were up-regulated by hypoxia/hypercapnia and dsILP2 combination, with the increase of CO2 concentration, other trehalase genes begin to respond successively. ILP2 knockout raised the mortality and reduced the pupation rate and eclosion rate in CO2. Understanding the insulin pathway responses to hypoxic stress induced by a high concentration of CO2 would further elucidate the mechanisms underlying trehalose metabolism in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue-Rui Mu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xian Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yue-Hua Song
- Institute of South China Karst, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kang-Kang Xu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
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Huang Q, Ma Q, Li F, Zhu-Salzman K, Cheng W. Metabolomics Reveals Changes in Metabolite Profiles among Pre-Diapause, Diapause and Post-Diapause Larvae of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040339. [PMID: 35447781 PMCID: PMC9032936 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Diapause is a programmed developmental arrest coupled with an evident reduction in metabolic rate and a dramatic increase in stress tolerance. Sitodiplosis mosellana, a periodic but devastating wheat pest, spends the hot summer and cold winter as diapausing larvae. However, little is known about the metabolic changes underlying this obligatory diapause. The objective of this study was to identify significantly altered metabolites and pathways in diapausing S. mosellana at stages of pre-diapause, diapause, post-diapause quiescence and post-diapause development using gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Pairwise comparisons of the four groups showed that 54 metabolites significantly changed. Of which, 37 decreased in response to diapause, including four TCA cycle intermediates and most amino acids, whereas 12 increased. Three metabolites were significantly higher in the cold quiescence stage than in other stages. The elevated metabolites included the well-known cryoprotectants trehalose, glycerol, proline and alanine. In conclusion, the low metabolic rate and cold tolerance S. mosellana displayed during diapause may be closely correlated with its reduced TCA cycle activity or/and the increased biosynthesis of cryoprotectants. The results have contributed to our understanding of the biochemical mechanism underlying diapause and the related stress tolerance in this key pest. Abstract Sitodiplosis mosellana, a notorious pest of wheat worldwide, copes with temperature extremes during harsh summers and winters by entering obligatory diapause as larvae. However, the metabolic adaptive mechanism underlying this process is largely unknown. In this study, we performed a comparative metabolomics analysis on S. mosellana larvae at four programmed developmental stages, i.e., pre-diapause, diapause, low temperature quiescence and post-diapause development. In total, we identified 54 differential metabolites based on pairwise comparisons of the four groups. Of these metabolites, 37 decreased in response to diapause, including 4 TCA cycle intermediates (malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid), 2 saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid) and most amino acids. In contrast, nine metabolites, including trehalose, glycerol, mannitol, proline, alanine, oleic acid and linoleic acid were significantly higher in both the diapause and quiescent stages than the other two stages. In addition to two of them (trehalose, proline), glutamine was also significantly highest in the cold quiescence stage. These elevated metabolites could function as cryoprotectants and/or energy reserves. These findings suggest that the reduced TCA cycle activity and elevated biosynthesis of functional metabolites are most likely responsible for maintaining low metabolic activity and cold tolerance during diapause, which is crucial for the survival and post-diapause development of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Fangxiang Li
- Xi’an Agricultural Technology Extension Centre, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: (K.Z.-S.); (W.C.)
| | - Weining Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.); (Q.M.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.-S.); (W.C.)
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F Abdel-Baky N, Elrayes DA, Aldeghairi MA, I Ghonimy M, Alzoheiry AM, Al-Otaibi ND, M S Bakry M. Carbon Dioxide-Enriched Atmosphere to Control Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. On Stored Saqie Date Fruits. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:688-698. [PMID: 34486345 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.688.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Control of the stored date insects by an eco-friendly method is essential to maintain the fruit for prolonged periods, especially that dates are eaten fresh. The search for a safe method, as an alternative to commonly used chemical pesticides, is needed. The objective is to investigate CO<sub>2</sub> enriched atmosphere on the Mortality Percentage (MP) of the Saw-toothed grain beetle, <i>O. surinamensis</i>, life stages with special emphasis on reducing damage to stored dates. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The effect of high levels of CO<sub>2</sub> as an alternative control method against the Saw-toothed grain beetle, <i>Oryzaephilus surinamensis</i> L., at different life stages was studied on infested 'Saqie' dates. Four CO<sub>2</sub> pressures (25, 50, 75 and 90 kPa, balance is nitrogen) were tested for 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs intervals. The response of different life stages of <i>O. surinamensis</i> to the different treatments varied according to CO<sub>2</sub> level, developmental stage and exposure period. <b>Results:</b> Mortality (%) was higher during the larval stage, followed by adults, pupae and eggs, in descending order. The larvae and adult stages were more sensitive to CO<sub>2</sub> treatment than the pupal and egg. Exposure time was more effective on eggs, larval and adult MP than the CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere level. Mortality% at 96 hrs exposure time was almost 100% with CO<sub>2</sub> atmospheres of 50, 75 and 90 kPa. Mathematical equations were developed to model the relationship between mortality% and CO<sub>2</sub> treatments using multiple regression analyses for each life stage. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results confirmed that CO<sub>2</sub> could be applied to final food products during packaging to control the residual occurrence of insect pests after storage and before the packaging process to prevent further infestation in the final packages.
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Liu Q, Liu Z, Gao Z, Chen G, Liu C, Wan Z, Chen C, Zeng C, Zhao Y, Pan L. Insights into Temperature and Hypoxia Tolerance in Cowpea Weevil via HIF-1. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060704. [PMID: 34198747 PMCID: PMC8228136 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) is a major pest that leads to severe damage of the stored leguminous grains. Several management approaches, including physical barriers, biological or chemical methods, are used for controlling bruchid in cowpea. These methods usually target the metabolically active state of weevil. However, it becomes less effective at early stages as egg, larva, or pupa under low temperature and oxygen conditions. Since hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is known to coordinate multiple gene responses to low oxygen or low temperature signals, we examined the HIF-1α gene expression under low temperature and hypoxic treatments. At −20 °C, it took 4 h to reduce the survival rate for eggs, larvae, and pupae down to 10%, while at 4 °C and 15 °C, the survival rate remained higher than 50% even after 128 h as HIF-1α gene expression peaked at 15 °C. Moreover, HIF-1 protein offers a valuable target for early stage pest control complementary to traditional methods. In particular, HIF-1 inhibitor camptothecin (CPT), one of the five HIF-1 inhibitors examined, achieved a very significant reduction of 96.2% and 95.5% relative to the control in weevil survival rate into adult at 4 °C and 30 °C, respectively. Our study can be used as one model system for drug development in virus infections and human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Q.L.); (Z.G.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Zhichao Liu
- School of Biological Information, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China;
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Q.L.); (Z.G.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Guanjun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Q.L.); (Z.G.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Changyan Liu
- Institute of Food Crop, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenghuang Wan
- Institute of Food Crop, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Chanyou Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Q.L.); (Z.G.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Chen Zeng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Lei Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Q.L.); (Z.G.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.P.)
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11
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Su L, Yang C, Meng J, Zhou L, Zhang C. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analysis of Ostrinia furnacalis female adults under UV-A exposure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6797. [PMID: 33762675 PMCID: PMC7990960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet A (UV-A) radiation is a significant environmental factor that causes photoreceptor damage, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in insects. Ostrinia furnacalis is an important pest of corn. To understand the adaptation mechanisms of insect response to UV-A exposure, this study revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differently expressed metabolites (DEMs) in O. furnacalis under UV-A exposure. Three complementary DNA libraries were constructed from O. furnacalis adult females (CK, UV1h, and UV2h), and 50,106 expressed genes were obtained through Illumina sequencing. Of these, 157 and 637 DEGs were detected in UV1h and UV2h after UV-A exposure for 1 and 2 h, respectively, compared to CK, with 103 and 444 upregulated and 54 and 193 downregulated genes, respectively. Forty four DEGs were detected in UV2h compared to UV1h. Comparative transcriptome analysis between UV-treated and control groups revealed signal transduction, detoxification and stress response, immune defense, and antioxidative system involvement. Metabolomics analysis showed that 181 (UV1h vs. CK), 111 (UV2h vs. CK), and 34 (UV2h vs. UV1h) DEMs were obtained in positive ion mode, while 135 (UV1h vs. CK), 93 (UV2h vs. CK), and 36 (UV2h vs. UV1h) DEMs were obtained in negative ion mode. Moreover, UV-A exposure disturbed amino acid, sugar, and lipid metabolism. These findings provide insight for further studies on how insects protect themselves under UV-A stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XInstitute of Entomology, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changli Yang
- grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XInstitute of Entomology, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Meng
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guiyang, 550081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lv Zhou
- grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XInstitute of Entomology, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyu Zhang
- grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XInstitute of Entomology, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
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12
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Malka O, Feldmesser E, van Brunschot S, Santos‐Garcia D, Han W, Seal S, Colvin J, Morin S. The molecular mechanisms that determine different degrees of polyphagy in the Bemisia tabaci species complex. Evol Appl 2021; 14:807-820. [PMID: 33767754 PMCID: PMC7980310 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a closely related group of >35 cryptic species that feed on the phloem sap of a broad range of host plants. Species in the complex differ in their host-range breadth, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We investigated, therefore, how six different B. tabaci species cope with the environmental unpredictability presented by a set of four common and novel host plants. Behavioral studies indicated large differences in performances on the four hosts and putative specialization of one of the species to cassava plants. Transcriptomic analyses revealed two main insights. First, a large set of genes involved in metabolism (>85%) showed differences in expression between the six species, and each species could be characterized by its own unique expression pattern of metabolic genes. However, within species, these genes were constitutively expressed, with a low level of environmental responsiveness (i.e., to host change). Second, within each species, sets of genes mainly associated with the super-pathways "environmental information processing" and "organismal systems" responded to the host switching events. These included genes encoding for proteins involved in sugar homeostasis, signal transduction, membrane transport, and immune, endocrine, sensory and digestive responses. Our findings suggested that the six B. tabaci species can be divided into four performance/transcriptomic "Types" and that polyphagy can be achieved in multiple ways. However, polyphagy level is determined by the specific identity of the metabolic genes/pathways that are enriched and overexpressed in each species (the species' individual metabolic "tool kit").
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Malka
- Department of EntomologyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Department of Biological ServicesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Sharon van Brunschot
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichKentUK
- School of Biological Sciencesthe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | | | - Wen‐Hao Han
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Susan Seal
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichKentUK
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichKentUK
| | - Shai Morin
- Department of EntomologyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
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13
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Cui SF, Wang L, Ma L, Wang YL, Qiu JP, Liu ZC, Geng XQ. Comparative transcriptome analyses of adzuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) response to hypoxia and hypoxia/hypercapnia. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:266-277. [PMID: 29996954 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stored product insects show high adaption to hypoxia and hypercapnia, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Herein, a comparative transcriptome on 4th adzuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) instar larvae was studied to clarify the response mechanisms to hypoxia (HA) and hypoxia/hypercapnia (HHA) using NextSeq500 RNA-Seq. Transcript profiling showed a significant difference in HA or HHA exposure both quantitatively and qualitatively. Compared with control, 631 and 253 genes were significantly changed in HHA and HA, respectively. Comparing HHA with HA, 1135 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The addition of hypercapnia made a complex alteration on the hypoxia response of bean weevil transcriptome, carbohydrate, energy, lipid and amino acid metabolism were the most highly enriched pathways for genes significantly changed. In addition, some biological processes that were not significantly enriched but important were also discussed, such as immune system and signal transduction. Most of the DEGs related to metabolism both in HHA and HA were up-regulated, while the DEGs related to the immune system, stress response or signal transduction were significantly down-regulated or suppressed. This research reveals a comparatively full-scale result in adzuki bean weevil hypoxia and hypoxia/hypercapnia tolerance mechanism at transcription level, which might provide new insights into the genomic research of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Cui
- School of Grain Science and Technology,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212004,China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
| | - L Ma
- Behavioral & Physiological Ecology (BPE) Group,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences,University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 7,9747 AG Groningen,Netherlands
| | - Y L Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
| | - J P Qiu
- Department of Resources and Environment,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
| | - Zh Ch Liu
- Department of Resources and Environment,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
| | - X Q Geng
- Department of Resources and Environment,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
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14
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Cao Y, Xu K, Zhu X, Bai Y, Yang W, Li C. Role of Modified Atmosphere in Pest Control and Mechanism of Its Effect on Insects. Front Physiol 2019; 10:206. [PMID: 30914968 PMCID: PMC6422892 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pests not only attack field crops during the growing season, but also damage grains and other food products stored in granaries. Modified or controlled atmospheres (MAs or CAs) with higher or lower concentrations of atmospheric gases, mainly oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), and nitric oxide (NO), provide a cost-effective method to kill target pests and protect stored products. In this review, the most recent discoveries in the field of MAs are discussed, with a focus on pest control as well as current MA technologies. Although MAs have been used for more than 30 years in pest control and play a role in storage pest management, the specific mechanisms by which insects are affected by and adapt to low O2 (hypoxia) and high carbon CO2 (hypercapnia) are not completely understood. Insect tolerance to hypoxia/anoxia and hypercapnia involves a decrease in aerobic metabolism, including decreased NADPH enzyme activity, and subsequently, decreases in glutathione production and catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, as well as increases in carboxyl esterase and phosphatase activities. In addition, hypoxia induces energy and nutrient production, and in adapted insects, glycolysis and pyruvate carboxylase fluxes are downregulated, accompanied with O2 consumption and acetate production. Consequently, genes encoding various signal transduction pathway components, including epidermal growth factor, insulin, Notch, and Toll/Imd signaling, are downregulated. We review the changes in insect energy and nutrient sources, metabolic enzymes, and molecular pathways in response to modified O2, CO2, NO, and O3 concentrations, as well as the role of MAs in pest control. This knowledge will be useful for applying MAs in combination with temperature control for pest control in stored food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kangkang Xu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjia Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
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15
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Metabolic response of longitudinal muscles to acute hypoxia in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka): A metabolome integrated analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 29:235-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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16
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Rao Z, Cao L, Qiu X, Han R. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular strategies of ghost moth Thitarodes armoricanus in response to hypoxia and anoxia. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 112:23-34. [PMID: 30399366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia or anoxia greatly impact the survival of many animal species. The ghost moth Thitarodes armoricanus is distributed in the Tibetan Plateau at an average elevation of approximate 4 km above sea level and has probably evolved a superior capacity to tolerate low oxygen levels. In this study, transcriptome analysis using high-throughput RNA-seq revealed common and different adaptation strategies of T. armoricanus in response to hypoxia (11% O2) or anoxia. T. armoricanus adopted three common strategies for adaptation to hypoxia or anoxia: Up-regulated signal transduction pathways essential for cellular survival, strengthened cell and organelle structure and activity, and activated immune system. Under hypoxia, T. armoricanus might develop a strategy to adapt to hypoxia by suppressing TCA, oxidative phosphorylation pathways, and hypoxanthine catabolism. T. armoricanus larvae kept active under hypoxia but became coma under anoxia, probably relating to up-regulated or suppressed dopamine synthesis pathway. Furthermore, the HIF system seemed not to be essential for regulating the hypoxic and anoxic responses of this insect in Tibetan Plateau. This study provides a global view of gene expression profiles and suggests common and different adaptation strategies of T. armoricanus under hypoxic and anoxic conditions. The results are helpful for understanding the mechanism responsible for the low oxygen level tolerance of this insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchen Rao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Richou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China.
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