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Yang T, Song X, Zhong Y, Wang B, Zhou C. Field investigation‐ and dietary metabarcoding‐based screening of arthropods that prey on primary tea pests. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9060. [PMID: 35813924 PMCID: PMC9251880 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tingbang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong China
- Institute of Ecology China West Normal University Nanchong China
| | - Xuhao Song
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong China
- Institute of Ecology China West Normal University Nanchong China
| | - Yang Zhong
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fragrant Plants Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong China
- Institute of Ecology China West Normal University Nanchong China
| | - Caiquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong China
- Institute of Ecology China West Normal University Nanchong China
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Yang T, Song X, Xu X, Zhou C, Shi A. A comparative analysis of spider prey spectra analyzed through the next-generation sequencing of individual and mixed DNA samples. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15444-15454. [PMID: 34765189 PMCID: PMC8571630 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most abundant predators of insects in terrestrial ecosystems, spiders have long received much attention from agricultural scientists and ecologists. Do spiders have a certain controlling effect on the main insect pests of concern in farmland ecosystems? Answering this question requires us to fully understand the prey spectrum of spiders. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been successfully employed to analyze spider prey spectra. However, the high sequencing costs make it difficult to analyze the prey spectrum of various spider species with large samples in a given farmland ecosystem. We performed a comparative analysis of the prey spectra of Ovia alboannulata (Araneae, Lycosidae) using NGS with individual and mixed DNA samples to demonstrate which treatment was better for determining the spider prey spectra in the field. We collected spider individuals from tea plantations, and two treatments were then carried out: (1) The DNA was extracted from the spiders individually and then sequenced separately (DESISS) and (2) the DNA was extracted from the spiders individually and then mixed and sequenced (DESIMS). The results showed that the number of prey families obtained by the DESISS treatment was approximately twice that obtained by the DESIMS treatment. Therefore, the DESIMS treatment greatly underestimated the prey composition of the spiders, although its sequencing costs were obviously lower. However, the relative abundance of prey sequences detected in the two treatments was slightly different only at the family level. Therefore, we concluded that if our purpose were to obtain the most accurate prey spectrum of the spiders, the DESISS treatment would be the best choice. However, if our purpose were to obtain only the relative abundance of prey sequences of the spiders, the DESIMS treatment would also be an option. The present study provides an important reference for choosing applicable methods to analyze the prey spectra and food web compositions of animal in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingbang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina
- Institute of EcologyChina West Normal UniversityNanchongChina
| | - Xuhao Song
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina
- Institute of EcologyChina West Normal UniversityNanchongChina
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina
- Institute of EcologyChina West Normal UniversityNanchongChina
| | - Caiquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina
- Institute of EcologyChina West Normal UniversityNanchongChina
| | - Aimin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina
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Song XH, Yang TB, Xu XQ, Yan XH, Zhou CQ. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Ectropis grisescens (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:1953-1955. [PMID: 34179478 PMCID: PMC8205040 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1923423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ectropis grisescens (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) is one of the main leaf-eating pests in tea plantations in China. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of this species was sequenced and assembled. The total length of the mitochondrial genome of E. grisescens was 15,794 bp (GenBank accession No. MW337302). The base composition was 41.26% for A, 39.49% for T, 7.92% for G, and 11.33% for C. The circular mitogenome contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis performed using 13 protein-coding genes of 15 species of Geometridae and an out-group Pieris melete (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) showed that E. grisescens is closely related to species of E. obliqua, and this is consistent with the morphological identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting-Bang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Cai-Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Yang T, Liu J, Chen J. Compared with conventional PCR assay, qPCR assay greatly improves the detection efficiency of predation. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7713-7722. [PMID: 32760558 PMCID: PMC7391540 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of predation can contribute greatly to understanding predator-prey relationships and can also provide integral knowledge concerning food webs and multi-trophic level interactions. Both conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) have been employed to detect predation in the field because of their sensitivity and reproducibility. However, to date, few studies have been used to comprehensively demonstrate which method is more sensitive and reproducible in studies of predation. We used a Drosophila melanogaster-specific DNA fragment (99 bp) to construct a tenfold gradient dilution of standards. Additionally, we obtained DNA samples from Pardosa pseudoannulata individuals that fed on D. melanogaster at various time since feeding. Finally, we compared the sensitivity and reproducibility between cPCR and qPCR assays for detecting DNA samples from feeding trials and standards. The results showed that the cPCR and qPCR assays could detect as few as 1.62 × 103 and 1.62 × 101 copies of the target DNA fragment, respectively. The cPCR assay could detect as few as 48 hr post-feeding of the target DNA fragment. But the qPCR assay showed that all spiders were positive after consuming prey at various time intervals (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr). A smaller proportion of the technical replicates were positive using cPCR, and some bands on the agarose gel were absent or gray, while some were white and bright for the same DNA samples after amplification by cPCR. By contrast, a larger proportion of the technical replicates were positive using qPCR and the coefficients of variation of the Ct value for the three technical replicates of each DNA sample were less than 5%. These data showed that qPCR was more sensitive and highly reproducible in detecting such degraded DNA from predator's gut. The present study provides an example of the use of cPCR and qPCR to detect the target DNA fragment of prey remains in predator's gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐bang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)Institute of EcologyChina West Normal UniversityNanchongChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of ChinaSchool of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of ChinaSchool of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & BiologyHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Jian Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of ChinaSchool of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina
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Zhong W, Tan Z, Wang B, Yan H. Next-generation sequencing analysis of Pardosa pseudoannulata's diet composition in different habitats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:165-172. [PMID: 30622422 PMCID: PMC6319085 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiders are the most common and predominant predators in terrestrial ecosystems. The predatory behavior of spiders affects the energy flow across the food web within an ecosystem. Traditiaonal methods for analyzing spider diets such as field observation, anatomy and faeces analysis are not suitable for spider experiments due to spiders’ special dietary behavior. The molecular method based on the specific primers of prey DNA seems to be inefficient either in spite of its wide application in diet analysis. As the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology becomes prevalent in many different areas, several cases of the NGS-based analysis of mammal diets have been published. This study analyzed the diet differences of Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae) in four habitats (a wetland, a tea plantation, an alpine meadow and a paddy field) by using the NGS technology, combined with the DNA barcode method. The results suggested that the Pardosa pseudoannulata feed on a broad range of prey, and 7 orders and 24 families of insects were detected in the four investigated habitats. Moreover, it is found that the diet diversity of Pardosa pseudoannulata is greatly influenced by their living environments and seasons. In a nutshell, this study established an NGS-based methodology for spider diets analysis, and the results provided some basic materials to inform the protection and utilization of the Pardosa pseudoannulata as a potential eco-friendly predator against pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- Testing Institute of Product and Commodity Supervision, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaojun Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- Dongkou No.1 Middle School, Dongkou 422300, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- College of Engineering and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519087, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengmei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- College of Engineering and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519087, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding author at: College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
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Zeng C, Wu L, Zhao Y, Yun Y, Peng Y. Tea saponin reduces the damage of Ectropis obliqua to tea crops, and exerts reduced effects on the spiders Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria compared to chemical insecticides. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4534. [PMID: 29576988 PMCID: PMC5863709 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea is one of the most economically important crops in China. However, the tea geometrid (Ectropis obliqua), a serious leaf-feeding pest, causes significant damage to tea crops and reduces tea yield and quality. Spiders are the most dominant predatory enemies in the tea plantation ecosystem, which makes them potentially useful biological control agents of E. obliqua. These highlight the need for alternative pest control measures. Our previous studies have shown that tea saponin (TS) exerts insecticidal activity against lepidopteran pests. Here, we investigate whether TS represents a potentially new alternative insecticide with no harm to spiders. METHODS We investigated laboratory bioactivities and the field control properties of TS solution against E. obliqua. (i) A leaf-dip bioassay was used to evaluate the toxicity of TS to 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae and effects of TS on the activities of enzymes glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES) and peroxidase (POD) of 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae in the laboratory. (ii) Topical application was used to measure the toxicity of 30% TS (w/v) and two chemical insecticides (10% bifenthrin EC and 50% diafenthiuron SC) to two species of spider, Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria. (iii) Field trials were used to investigate the controlling efficacy of 30% TS against E. obliqua larvae and to classify the effect of TS to spiders in the tea plantation. RESULTS The toxicity of TS to 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae occurred in a dose-dependent manner and the LC50 was 164.32 mg/mL. Activities of the detoxifying-related enzymes, GST and POD, increased in 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae, whereas AChE and CES were inhibited with time by treatment with TS. Mortalities of E. tricuspidata and E. albaria after 48 h with 30% TS treatment (16.67% and 20%, respectively) were significantly lower than those with 10% bifenthrin EC (80% and 73.33%, respectively) and 50% diafenthiuron EC (43.33% and 36.67%, respectively). The highest controlling efficacy of 30% TS was 77.02% at 5 d after treatment, which showed no difference to 10% bifenthrin EC or 50% diafenthiuron SC. 30% TS was placed in the class N (harmless or slightly harmful) of IOBC (International Organization of Biological Control) categories for natural enemies, namely spiders. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that TS is a botanical insecticide that has a good controlling efficacy in E. obliqua larvae, which suggests it has promise as application in the integrated pest management (IPM) envisaged for tea crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingbing Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueli Yun
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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