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Dong C, Huang Y, Hu J. Occurrence and safety assessment of 18 frequently registered pesticides and their metabolites on cucumbers in open field and greenhouse in China. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Cheng C, Liang Y, Hu J. Estimation of residue levels and dietary risk assessment of cyproconazole and azoxystrobin in cucumber after field application in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:34186-34193. [PMID: 35034293 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Residue field trials in cucumber were conducted for the safe use of a commercial formulation of cyproconazole·azoxystrobin 28% suspension concentrate (SC 294 g a.i. ha-1, three applications at a 7-day interval) in the year 2018, in China. To determine the residues of cyproconazole and azoxystrobin in cucumber, a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This validated method was applied to analyze cucumber samples collected from 12 specified regions. At the 3-day interval to harvest, the highest residue (HR) of azoxystrobin was 0.150 mg kg-1, which was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL; 0.5 mg kg-1) permitted in China, and the HR of cyproconazole was 0.084 mg kg-1, for which no MRL value has been set in China. The chronic risk quotient values of cyproconazole and azoxystrobin for Chinese adults at a 3-day interval to harvest were 2.56% and 13.72%, respectively. The acute risk quotient values of cyproconazole in cucumber were specified as 5.52% for children (1-6 years old) and 2.83% for the adults (> 18 years old) in China. These results indicate that cyproconazole·azoxystrobin 28% SC sprayed on cucumber at the pre-harvest interval of 3 days has no significant potential risk for Chinese consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanying Cheng
- Lab of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Lab of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- Lab of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Li P, Hu J. Residual levels and dietary risk assessment of bifenthrin and dinotefuran and its major metabolites in open wheat field conditions. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5267. [PMID: 34654060 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the residual levels of bifenthrin and dinotefuran, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous detection of bifenthrin and dinotefuran and its major metabolites in wheat was developed and validated. Dietary risk assessments were further performed based on the relevant residual data from 12 wheat fields, toxicology data and dietary patterns. In wheat grain and straw, the recoveries of all analytes ranged from 77 to 102% with the relative standard deviation <9.7% and the limit of quantitation 0.05 mg kg-1 . The highest terminal residue of bifenthrin in wheat grain was 0.069 mg kg-1 and dinotefuran was 0.34 mg kg-1 . Residual concentrations of bifenthrin and dinotefuran decreased to <0.05 and 0.15 mg kg-1 at 21 days (pre-harvest interval), respectively. The chronic risk quotient ranged from 6.4 to 62.7% and the acute risk quotient varied from 0.38 to 17.73%. The chronic and acute dietary risks caused by the terminal residues of the two insecticides were negligible for Chinese populations. The recommended pre-harvest interval was proposed to ensure safe wheat consumption. These data could provide a scientific reference to establish the Chinese maximum residue limit of dinotefuran in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Guo C, Li G, Lin Q, Wu X, Wang J. Residual dynamics and dietary exposure risk of dimethoate and its metabolite in greenhouse celery. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10789. [PMID: 33717673 PMCID: PMC7934647 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the residual dynamics and dietary risk of dimethoate and its metabolite omethoate in celery. Celery was sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate (EC) at either a low concentration of 600 g a.i./ha or a high concentration of 900 g a.i./ha. Plants in the seedling, transplanting, or middle growth stages were sprayed once, and the samples were collected 90 days after transplantation. Plants in the harvesting stage were sprayed two or three times. The samples were collected on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 after the last pesticide application. The dimethoate and omethoate compounds were extracted from the celery samples using acetonitrile, and their concentrations were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Also, the dietary risk assessments of dimethoate and omethoate were conducted in various populations and on different foods in China. The metabolism led to the formation of omethoate from dimethoate in the celery. The degradation dynamics of dimethoate and total residues in greenhouse celery followed the first-order kinetic equation. The half-lives of the compounds were 2.42 days and 2.92 days, respectively. The celery which received one application during the harvesting stage had a final residue of dimethoate after 14 days, which was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) 0.5 mg kg−1 for Chinese celery. The final deposition of the metabolite omethoate after 28 days was less than the maximum residue limit of 0.02 mg kg−1 for Chinese celery. Furthermore, the risk quotients of dimethoate in celery were less than 1; therefore, the level of chronic risk was acceptable after day 21. Only children aged 2–7 years had an HQ of dimethoate more than 1 (an unacceptable level of acute risk), while the acute dietary risks to other populations were within acceptable levels. It was recommended that any dimethoate applications to celery in greenhouses should happen before the celery reached the harvesting stage, with a safety interval of 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Agricultural Product Quality Safety Risk Assessment (Shenyang), Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Li
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Agricultural Product Quality Safety Risk Assessment (Shenyang), Shenyang, China
| | - Qiujun Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Agricultural Product Quality Safety Risk Assessment (Shenyang), Shenyang, China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Agricultural Product Quality Safety Risk Assessment (Shenyang), Shenyang, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Agricultural Product Quality Safety Risk Assessment (Shenyang), Shenyang, China
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Gong W, Jiang M, Zhang T, Zhang W, Liang G, Li B, Hu B, Han P. Uptake and dissipation of metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam in greenhouse chrysanthemum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113499. [PMID: 31706771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Production of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) in greenhouses often requires intensive pesticide use, which raises serious concerns over food safety and human health. This study investigated uptake, translocation and residue dissipation of typical fungicides (metalaxyl-M and fludioxonil) and insecticides (cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam) in greenhouse chrysanthemum when applied in soils. Chrysanthemum plants could absorb these pesticides from soils via roots to various degrees, and bioconcentration factors (BCFLS) were positively correlated with lipophilicity (log Kow) of pesticides. Highly lipophilic fludioxonil (log Kow = 4.12) had the greatest BCFLS (2.96 ± 0.41 g g-1), whereas hydrophilic thiamethoxam (log Kow = -0.13) had the lowest (0.09 ± 0.03 g g-1). Translocation factors (TF) from roots to shoots followed the order of TFleaf > TFstem > TFflower. Metalaxyl-M and cyantraniliprole with medium lipophilicity (log Kow of 1.71 and 2.02, respectively) and hydrophilic thiamethoxam showed relatively strong translocation potentials with TF values in the range of 0.29-0.81, 0.36-2.74 and 0.30-1.03, respectively. Dissipation kinetics in chrysanthemum flowers followed the first-order with a half-life of 21.7, 5.5, 10.0 or 8.2 days for metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam, respectively. Final residues of these four pesticides, including clothianidin (a primary toxic metabolite of thiamethoxam), in all chrysanthemum flower samples were below the maximum residue limit (MRL) values 21 days after two soil applications each at the recommended dose (i.e., 3.2, 2.1, 4.3 and 4.3 kg ha-1, respectively). However, when doubling the recommended dose, the metabolite clothianidin remained at concentrations greater than the MRL, despite that thiamethoxam concentration was lower than the MRL value. This study provided valuable insights on the uptake and residues of metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam (including its metabolite clothianidin) in greenhouse chrysanthemum production, and could help better assess food safety risks of chrysanthemum contamination by parent pesticides and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Gong
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing, 100097, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Gang Liang
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bingru Li
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ping Han
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing, 100097, China
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Cui J, Wang F, Gao J, Zhai W, Zhou Z, Liu D, Wang P. Bioaccumulation and Metabolism of Carbosulfan in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) and the Toxic Effects of Its Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12348-12356. [PMID: 31638788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbosulfan is a carbamate insecticide that has been widely used in agriculture. However, studies showed that carbosulfan could be highly toxic to aquatic organisms. The metabolism of carbosulfan in adult zebrafish is still largely unexplored, and the metabolites in individual or in combination may pose a potential threat to zebrafish. In the present study, the bioaccumulation and metabolism of carbosulfan in zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assessed, and the main metabolites, including carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran, were determined. The toxicity of carbosulfan and its metabolites individually or in combination to zebrafish was also investigated. The bioaccumulation and metabolism experiment indicated that carbosulfan was not highly accumulated in zebrafish, with a bioaccumulation factor of 18 after being exposed to carbosulfan for 15 days, and the metabolism was fast, with a half-life of 1.63 d. The two main metabolites were relatively persistent, with half-lives of 3.33 and 5.68 d for carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran, respectively. The acute toxicity assay showed that carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran had 96-h LC50 values of 0.15 and 0.36 mg/L, showing them to be more toxic than carbosulfan (96-h LC50 = 0.53 mg/L). Combinations of binary or ternary mixtures of carbosulfan and its metabolites displayed coincident synergistic effects on acute toxicity, with additive index (AI) values of 1.9-14.3. In the livers and gills of zebrafish exposed to carbosulfan, carbofuran, and 3-hydroxycarbofuran, activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase were significantly changed in most cases, and the content of malondialdehyde was greatly increased, indicating that carbosulfan and its metabolites induced varying degrees of oxidative stress. The metabolites were more persistent and toxic to zebrafish and exhibit coincident synergistic effects in combination. These results can provide evidence for the potential risk of pesticides and highlight the importance of a systematic assessment for the combination of the precursor and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingna Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Wangjing Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
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Morales SI, Martínez AM, Figueroa JI, Campos-García J, Gómez-Tagle A, Lobit P, Smagghe G, Pineda S. Foliar persistence and residual activity of four insecticides of different mode of action on the predator Engytatus varians (Hemiptera: Miridae). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:76-83. [PMID: 31255768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the degradation kinetics of spinosad, flufenoxuron, dimethoate and imidacloprid in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) foliage and their residual toxicity on Engytatus varians (Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae), a predator of the tomato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulcer) (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Insecticides were sprayed at 100% and 50% of their maximum field-registered concentrations (MFRC). Starting 6 h after spraying, leaf samples were taken every 10 d for 40 d and analyzed while E. varians adults were exposed to treated leaves to evaluate residual toxicity. Immediately after application at 100% MFRC, the residue concentrations were 73.34 μg g-1 spinosyn A and 59.2 μg g-1 spinosyn D, 9.21 μg g-1 flufenoxuron, 71.49 μg g-1 dimethoate and 31.74 μg g-1 imidacloprid. At 50% MFRC, initial residue concentrations were between 75% and 90% those at 100% MFRC. The estimated half-life (DT50) of spinosyns A and D, flufenoxuron, and dimethoate was between 34 and 40 d, while that of imidacloprid was 112 d. Flufenoxuron caused no mortality, while mortality due to spinosad was less than 10%, and only during the first 10 d. Mortality caused by either imidacloprid or dimethoate was around 100% up to 10 d after application, then decreased to around 30% after 40 d. Dimethoate toxicity was approximately proportional to residue concentration, while for imidacloprid there was an apparent threshold around 15 μg g-1. These results can be used to establish periods harmless for release of E. varians in the control of B. cockerelli on tomato crops under greenhouse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinue I Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Ana M Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - José I Figueroa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Campos-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edif. B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Alberto Gómez-Tagle
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Naturales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. San Juanito Itzícuaro S/N Col. Nueva Esperanza, 58330, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Philippe Lobit
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Samuel Pineda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
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