1
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Sarkar B, Hajra A. Hydro-phosphorothiolation of Styrene and Cyclopropane with S-Hydrogen Phosphorothioates under Ambient Conditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:5141-5145. [PMID: 38848455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free hexafluoroisopropanol-mediated hydro-phosphorothiolation of styrenes and donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with S-hydrogen phosphorothioates in a Markovnikov fashion has been developed under ambient reaction conditions to afford a library of S-alkyl phosphorothioates. Notably, this strategy provides a simple and efficient way to produce biologically significant kitazin and iprobenfos derivatives. Mechanistic studies disclose that the reaction proceeds through a carbocation intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
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2
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Zhang P, Li W, Yang S, Qu W, Wang L, Lin J, Gao X. Construction of Phosphorothiolated 2-Pyrrolidinones via Photoredox/Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Radical Cyclization/Phosphorothiolation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4947-4957. [PMID: 38498700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A photoredox/copper-catalyzed cascade radical cyclization/phosphorothiolation reaction of N-allylbromoacetamides and P(O)SH compounds has been established. A broad range of novel nonfluorine- or difluoro-substituted 2-pyrrolidinones bearing the C(sp3)-SP(O)(OR)2 moiety can be conveniently constructed in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Importantly, most of the tested phosphorothiolated 2-pyrrolidinones showed potent inhibitory effects toward both AChE and BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Wenwu Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Weilong Qu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Longyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jinming Lin
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xia Gao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
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3
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Wu LY, Tian Huang, Tian ZY, Xu XQ, Peng S, Xie LY. TsCl promoted deoxygenative phosphorothiolation of quinoline N-oxides towards S-quinolyl phosphorothioates. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2409-2413. [PMID: 38411219 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A convenient, efficient and practical approach for the synthesis of S-quinolyl phosphorothioates via cheap TsCl promoted deoxygenative C2-H phosphorothiolation of quinoline N-oxides with readily available triethylammonium O,O-dialkylphosphorothioates was developed. The reaction performed well under transition-metal-free conditions at room temperature with a very short reaction time (10-20 min). Preliminary studies showed that the current transformation underwent a nucleophilic substitution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Hunan, 425100, China.
| | - Tian Huang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Hunan, 425100, China.
| | - Zhong-Ying Tian
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Hunan, 425100, China.
| | - Xiang-Qin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Hunan, 425100, China.
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Hunan, 425100, China.
| | - Long-Yong Xie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Hunan, 425100, China.
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4
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Jiang S, Du S, Bai J, Chen X, Liang M, Lin S, Luo MJ, Song XR, Xiao Q. Cascade Cyclization of 1,5-Diynols and (RO) 2P(O)SH to Construct Benzo[ b]fluorenyl S-Alkyl Phosphorothioates under Catalyst-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14571-14586. [PMID: 37789588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and practical cascade cyclization of 1,5-diynols with (RO)2P(O)SH as the acid promoter and nucleophile under mild conditions was developed. A variety of highly substituted benzo[b]fluorenyl-containing S-alkyl phosphorothioates were successfully constructed in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, this protocol exhibited good functional group tolerance, a broad substrate scope, and potential practical applications, with water as the only byproduct. The reaction proceeded with allenyl thiophosphate as a key intermediate, followed by a Schmittel-type cyclization process to produce the target product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Jiang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Sha Du
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiang Bai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shihong Lin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Mu-Jia Luo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xian-Rong Song
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
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5
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Luo H, Li M, Wang XC, Quan ZJ. Direct synthesis of phosphorotrithioates from [TBA][P(SiCl 3) 2] and disulfides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2499-2503. [PMID: 36880434 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02285k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing organophosphorus molecules have played a pivotal role in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical pesticides and functional materials, thereby motivating researchers worldwide to establish S-P bonds from more environmentally friendly phosphorus sources. In this study, a novel method was developed for constructing S-P bonds, specifically by reacting the inorganic phosphorus derivative TBA[P(SiCl3)2] with sulfur-containing compounds under mild conditions. This method demonstrates the advantages of low energy consumption, mild reaction conditions and environmental friendliness. Moreover, this protocol-as a green synthesis method to replace the use of white phosphorus in the production of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs)-achieved the functional conversion of "inorganic phosphorus to organic phosphorus", in line with the national green development strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Zheng-Jun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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6
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Zhang P, Li W, Zhu X, Li Y, Zhao X, Shi S, Zhu F, Lin J, Gao X. Photoredox and Copper‐Catalyzed Sulfonylphosphorothiolation of Alkenes toward β‐Sulfonyl Phosphorothioates. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Li
- Xinxiang Medical University CHINA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xia Gao
- Xinxiang Medical University CHINA
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7
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Zhang P, Li W, Qu W, Shu Z, Tao Y, Lin J, Gao X. Copper and Photocatalytic Radical Relay Enabling Fluoroalkylphosphorothiolation of Alkenes: Modular Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing S-Alkyl Phosphorothioates and Phosphorodithioates. Org Lett 2021; 23:9267-9272. [PMID: 34779202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox and copper-catalyzed fluoroalkylphosphorothiolation of activated and unactivated alkenes via a radical relay mechanism is reported. By employing fluoroalkyl halides as radical precursors and P(O)SH or P(S)SH compounds as coupling partners, a wide range of β-monofluoroalkyl-, -difluoroalkyl-, -trifluoromethyl-, or -perfluoroalkyl-substituted S-alkyl phosphorothioates and phosphorodithioates can be easily constructed under mild conditions with good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, this modular reaction system can be successfully applied to late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Wenwu Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Weilong Qu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhigang Shu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yingjun Tao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jinming Lin
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xia Gao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
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8
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Guo Y, Luo Y, Mu S, Xu J, Song Q. Photoinduced Decarboxylative Phosphorothiolation of N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters. Org Lett 2021; 23:6729-6734. [PMID: 34410131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced protocol for the synthesis of phosphorothioates is developed by employing the Ir-catalyzed decarboxylative phosphorothiolation of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. This novel synthesis method utilizes carboxylic acids as raw material, which is stable, cheap, and commercially available. Scope studies show that this reaction has good compatibility of functional groups. Notably, both the synthesis of steric hindrance phosphorothioates and the later modification of some bioactive compounds are successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Shiqiang Mu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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9
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Wang LL, Ding JJ, Pan L, Fu L, Tian JH, Cao DS, Jiang H, Ding XQ. Quantitative structure-toxicity relationship model for acute toxicity of organophosphates via multiple administration routes in rats and mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123724. [PMID: 33113726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) are highly toxic compounds, with widespread application in agricultural and chemical industries, whose introduction into the environment poses serious hazards to humans and ecological systems. To assess and ultimately mitigate these hazards, this study predicted the acute toxicity of OPs according to their chemical structure and administration route. The acute toxicity data of 161 OPs in two species via six different administration routes were manually collected and used to develop a series of quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) models with robust and practical predictive abilities. The random forest algorithm was used to develop the models, employing both quantum chemical and two-dimensional descriptors according to OECD guidelines. Correlation results and feature similarities indicated that whereas acute toxicity data from rats and mice via the same administration route were combinable for modeling, data from different routes were not. Six QSTR models for each route in a single species and two QSTR models for a single route in the two species were constructed, achieving practical predictive performance. Despite significant variances in their datasets, the prediction models could predict the acute toxicity of novel or unknown OPs, realize rapid assessment, and provide guidance for regulatory decisions to reduce the hazards of OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing, 102205, PR China
| | - Jun-Jie Ding
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing, 102205, PR China
| | - Li Pan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing, 102205, PR China
| | - Li Fu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Jia-Hao Tian
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing, 102205, PR China
| | - Dong-Sheng Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing, 102205, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Qin Ding
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing, 102205, PR China.
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10
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Peng K, Dong Z. Recent Advances in Sulfur‐Centered S–X (X = N, P, O) Bond Formation Catalyzed by Transition Metals. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Peng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology 430205 Wuhan China
| | - Zhi‐Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology 430205 Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology 430205 Wuhan China
- Ministry‐of‐Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules Hubei University 430062 Wuhan China
- Hubei key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology 430205 Wuhan China
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11
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Bumbăcilă B, Putz MV. Neurotoxicity of Pesticides: The Roadmap for the Cubic Mode of Action. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:54-77. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190704142354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used today on a planetary-wide scale. The rising need for substances with this
biological activity due to an increasing consumption of agricultural and animal products and to the
development of urban areas makes the chemical industry to constantly investigate new molecules or to
improve the physicochemical characteristics, increase the biological activities and improve the toxicity
profiles of the already known ones. Molecular databases are increasingly accessible for in vitro and in
vivo bioavailability studies. In this context, structure-activity studies, by their in silico - in cerebro
methods, are used to precede in vitro and in vivo studies in plants and experimental animals because
they can indicate trends by statistical methods or biological activity models expressed as mathematical
equations or graphical correlations, so a direction of study can be developed or another can be abandoned,
saving financial resources, time and laboratory animals. Following this line of research the present paper
reviews the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) studies and proposes a correlation between a topological
connectivity index and the biological activity or toxicity made as a result of a study performed on 11 molecules
of organophosphate compounds, randomly chosen, with a basic structure including a Phosphorus atom
double bounded to an Oxygen atom or to a Sulfur one and having three other simple covalent bonds with two
alkoxy (-methoxy or -ethoxy) groups and to another functional group different from the alkoxy groups. The
molecules were packed on a cubic structure consisting of three adjacent cubes, respecting a principle of topological
efficiency, that of occupying a minimal space in that cubic structure, a method that was called the Clef
Method. The central topological index selected for correlation was the Wiener index, since it was possible
this way to discuss different adjacencies between the nodes in the graphs corresponding to the organophosphate
compounds molecules packed on the cubic structure; accordingly, "three dimensional" variants of these
connectivity indices could be considered and further used for studying the qualitative-quantitative relationships
for the specific molecule-enzyme interaction complexes, including correlation between the Wiener
weights (nodal specific contributions to the total Wiener index of the molecular graph) and the biochemical
reactivity of some of the atoms. Finally, when passing from SAR to Q(uantitative)-SAR studies, especially by
the present advanced method of the cubic molecule (Clef Method) and its good assessment of the
(neuro)toxicity of the studied molecules and of their inhibitory effect on the target enzyme - acetylcholinesterase,
it can be seen that a predictability of the toxicity and activity of different analogue compounds can
be ensured, facilitating the in vivo experiments or improving the usage of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Bumbăcilă
- Laboratory of Computational and Structural Physical-Chemistry for Nanosciences and QSAR, Biology- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography at West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi Street No.16, Timisoara RO-300115, Romania
| | - Mihai V. Putz
- Laboratory of Computational and Structural Physical-Chemistry for Nanosciences and QSAR, Biology- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography at West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi Street No.16, Timisoara RO-300115, Romania
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12
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Tan M, Zheng W, Yang L, Zhou L, Zeng Q. I
2
‐Catalyzed Oxidative N−P Cross‐Coupling of Diarylphosphine Oxides and Sulfoximines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringChengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 P. R. China
| | - Wenting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringChengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 P. R. China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceTohoku University 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Lihong Zhou
- College of Environment and EcologyChengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 P. R. China
| | - Qingle Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringChengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 P. R. China
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13
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One-pot synthesis of phosphorodiamidothioates using N-heterocyclic phosphine (NHP)-thiourea. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Zhang L, Zhang P, Li X, Xu J, Tang G, Zhao Y. Synthesis of S-Aryl Phosphorothioates by Copper-Catalyzed Phosphorothiolation of Diaryliodonium and Arenediazonium Salts. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5588-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute
of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guo Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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15
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Lee S, Barron MG. A mechanism-based 3D-QSAR approach for classification and prediction of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potency of organophosphate and carbamate analogs. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 30:347-63. [PMID: 27055524 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate esters can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by binding covalently to a serine residue in the enzyme active site, and their inhibitory potency depends largely on affinity for the enzyme and the reactivity of the ester. Despite this understanding, there has been no mechanism-based in silico approach for classification and prediction of the inhibitory potency of ether OPs or carbamates. This prompted us to develop a three dimensional prediction framework for OPs, carbamates, and their analogs. Inhibitory structures of a compound that can form the covalent bond were identified through analysis of docked conformations of the compound and its metabolites. Inhibitory potencies of the selected structures were then predicted using a previously developed three dimensional quantitative structure-active relationship. This approach was validated with a large number of structurally diverse OP and carbamate compounds encompassing widely used insecticides and structural analogs including OP flame retardants and thio- and dithiocarbamate pesticides. The modeling revealed that: (1) in addition to classical OP metabolic activation, the toxicity of carbamate compounds can be dependent on biotransformation, (2) OP and carbamate analogs such as OP flame retardants and thiocarbamate herbicides can act as AChEI, (3) hydrogen bonds at the oxyanion hole is critical for AChE inhibition through the covalent bond, and (4) π-π interaction with Trp86 is necessary for strong inhibition of AChE. Our combined computation approach provided detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of OP and carbamate compounds and may be useful for screening a diversity of chemical structures for AChE inhibitory potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehan Lee
- Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL, 32561, USA.
| | - Mace G Barron
- Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL, 32561, USA
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16
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Arora S, Kumar A. Binary combinations of organophosphorus pesticides exhibit differential toxicity under oxidised and un-oxidised conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:93-100. [PMID: 25682586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition has been demonstrated to be useful as a biomarker for exposure to organophosphorus (OP) insecticides in many environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of housefly (Musca domestica) head AChE (HF-AChE) exposed to five OPs as individual compounds and their binary mixtures under in vitro conditions. To examine the effects of oxidation on OP potency in the HF-AChE system, bromine water was used as an oxidisng agent. With oxidation, the sensitivity of HF-AChE to chlorpyrifos (CPF), malathion (MLT) and triazophos (TRZ) increased significantly. Monocrotophos (MCP) and profenofos (PRF) did not exhibit any significant differences in toxicity under oxidised and un-oxidised conditions. The toxicological interaction of five organophosphorus pesticides was evaluated using the concentration addition model, the combination index-isobologram equation and the toxic unit approach. All three models provided similar predictions for the 10 binary combinations of OPs under oxidised and un-oxidised conditions. In the present study, the antagonistic effects of the binary combination of OPs (CPF+PRF, CPF+MLT, MCP+MLT, PRF+MLT, MLT+TRZ and PRF+TRZ) were observed under oxidised conditions. This may be due to dispositional and/or receptor antagonism. Most of the binary combinations assayed under un-oxidised conditions exhibited synergistic responses. Triazophos showed very strong synergism in binary combinations with CPF, MCP and PRF un-oxidised conditions. In contrast, under oxidised conditions, only CPF+TRZ exhibited synergism. The results obtained indicate differential toxicity of binary combinations of OPs under oxidised and un-oxidised conditions. This information could be a valuable tool in understanding the mechanisms of OPs interactions and the interpretation of future in vivo studies with mixtures of OP insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Arora
- ICAR-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 12, India; Land and Water, CSIRO, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia.
| | - Anu Kumar
- Land and Water, CSIRO, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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Čolović MB, Krstić DZ, Lazarević-Pašti TD, Bondžić AM, Vasić VM. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: pharmacology and toxicology. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:315-35. [PMID: 24179466 PMCID: PMC3648782 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311030006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1380] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is involved in the termination of impulse transmission by rapid hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in numerous cholinergic pathways in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The enzyme inactivation, induced by various inhibitors, leads to acetylcholine accumulation, hyperstimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, and disrupted neurotransmission. Hence, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, interacting with the enzyme as their primary target, are applied as relevant drugs and toxins. This review presents an overview of toxicology and pharmacology of reversible and irreversible acetylcholinesterase inactivating compounds. In the case of reversible inhibitors being commonly applied in neurodegenerative disorders treatment, special attention is paid to currently approved drugs (donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine) in the pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease, and toxic carbamates used as pesticides. Subsequently, mechanism of irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition induced by organophosphorus compounds (insecticides and nerve agents), and their specific and nonspecific toxic effects are described, as well as irreversible inhibitors having pharmacological implementation. In addition, the pharmacological treatment of intoxication caused by organophosphates is presented, with emphasis on oxime reactivators of the inhibited enzyme activity administering as causal drugs after the poisoning. Besides, organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides can be detoxified in mammals through enzymatic hydrolysis before they reach targets in the nervous system. Carboxylesterases most effectively decompose carbamates, whereas the most successful route of organophosphates detoxification is their degradation by corresponding phosphotriesterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana B Čolović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Z Krstić
- University School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara D Lazarević-Pašti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra M Bondžić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna M Vasić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang Y, Li B, Han W, Yang G, Zhang Z, Feng Y. Redesigning the active site of a carboxyl esterase from the archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus to improve sensitivity to organophosphorus compounds. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pohanka M. CHOLINESTERASES, A TARGET OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2011; 155:219-29. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2011.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ilg T, Cramer J, Lutz J, Noack S, Schmitt H, Williams H, Newton T. The characterization of Lucilia cuprina acetylcholinesterase as a drug target, and the identification of novel inhibitors by high throughput screening. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 41:470-483. [PMID: 21530657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC3.1.1.7.) is the molecular target for the carbamate and organophosphate pesticides that are used to combat parasitic arthropods. In this paper we report the functional heterologous expression of AChE from Lucilia cuprina (the sheep blowfly) in HEK293 cells. We show that the expressed enzyme is cell-surface-exposed and possesses a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor. The substrates acetyl-, propionyl- and butyrylthiocholine (AcTC, PropTC, ButTC), and also 11 further thiocholine and homo-thiocholine derivatives were chemically synthesized to evaluate and compare their substrate properties in L. cuprina AChE and recombinant human AChE. The Michaelis-Menten constants K(M) for AcTC, PropTC and ButTC were found to be 3-7-fold lower for the L. cuprina AChE than for the human AChE. Additionally, 2-methoxyacetyl-thiocholine and isobutyryl-thiocholine were better substrates for the insect enzyme than for the human AChE. The AcTC, PropTC and ButTC specificities and the Michaelis-Menten constants for recombinant L. cuprina AChE were similar to those determined for AChE extracted from L. cuprina heads, which are a particularly rich source of this enzyme. The median inhibition concentrations (IC(50) values) were determined for 21 organophosphates, 23 carbamates and also 9 known non-covalent AChE inhibitors. Interestingly, 11 compounds were 100- to >4000-fold more active on the insect enzyme than on the human enzyme. The substrate and inhibitor selectivity data collectively indicate that there are structural differences between L. cuprina and human AChE in or near the active sites, suggesting that it may be possible to identify novel, specific L. cuprina AChE inhibitors. To this end, a high throughput screen with 107,893 compounds was performed on the L. cuprina head AChE. This led to the identification of 195 non-carbamate, non-organophosphate inhibitors with IC(50) values below 10μM. Analysis of the most potent hit compounds identified 19 previously unknown inhibitors with IC(50) values below 200nM, which were up to 335-fold more potent on the L. cuprina enzyme than on the human AChE. Some of these compounds may serve as leads for lead optimization programs to generate fly-specific pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ilg
- Intervet Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany.
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Nagata T, Yamamoto K, Yoshikiyo K, Matsui Y, Yamamoto T. Kinetic Study on the Interactions of Cyclodextrins with Organic Phosphates and Thiophosphates. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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KAMOSHITA M, KOSAKA K, ASAMI M, AIZAWA T. Reactivities of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Relation to Their Chemical Classifications and Their Transformation to Oxons by Chlorination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2965/jswe.30.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bermúdez-Saldaña JM, Cronin MTD. Quantitative structure-activity relationships for the toxicity of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides to the Rainbow trout Onchorhyncus mykiss. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2006; 62:819-31. [PMID: 16763959 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study has investigated the development of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for the toxicity to rainbow trout Onchorhyncus mykiss Walbaum of 75 organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. The toxicity data were obtained from an openly available toxicological database and were selected to be representative of a single endpoint. A large number of physicochemical and structural descriptors were calculated for the pesticides. QSAR models were developed using multiple linear regression and partial least-squares analyses. Following the removal of a small number of outliers, predictive QSARs were developed on small numbers of mechanistically relevant descriptors. Applying mechanistic knowledge to the development of QSAR further improved predictivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Bermúdez-Saldaña
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, C/Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
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Li X, Wang Y, Fu H, Jiang Y, Zhao Y. Alkylation reactions of phosphachroman-2,4-diones and 4-hydroxy phosphacoumarins. Bioorg Chem 2006; 34:105-13. [PMID: 16524614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphachroman-2,4-dione and 4-alkoxyphosphacoumarin derivatives, phosphonic analogues of chromones and coumarins with potential biological activities, were synthesized in good yields through sequential base-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of O-alkyl-O'-(2'-methoxycarbonyl phenyl)-(substituted) benzyl phosphonates and alkylation. The synthesis sets the stage for an examination of the biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshu Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Yavuz T, Delibas N, Yildirim B, Altuntas I, Candir O, Cora A, Karahan N, Ibrisim E, Kutsal A. Vascular wall damage in rats induced by organophosphorus insecticide methidathion. Toxicol Lett 2005; 155:59-64. [PMID: 15585360 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2004] [Revised: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the effect of subchronic methidathion (MD) administration on vascular wall damage. The experimental groups were: control group and rats treated with 5 mg/kg MD. The MD group was given MD by gavage for 5 days a week for 4 weeks at a dose level of 5 mg/kg per day by using corn oil as the vehicle. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the vascular tissue. Histopathological examination was examined in the thoracic aortic tissue. The levels of MDA were increased in the MD group compared with the control group (P < 0.01). In the MD group, subchronic MD administration led to the irregulation, prominent breaks and fragmentation of the elastic fibers were located in the media of aortic wall. In conclusion, it is likely that subchronic MD administration caused vascular wall damage and, in addition, lipid peroxidation may be one of the molecular mechanisms involved in MD-induced vascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turhan Yavuz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Süleyman, Demirel, Isparta, Turkey.
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Williams RD, Boros LG, Kolanko CJ, Jackman SM, Eggers TR. Chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed to the anticholinesterase pesticide isofenphos with mechanisms of leukemogenesis. Leuk Res 2004; 28:947-58. [PMID: 15234572 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2003.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human lymphocytes were exposed to the leukemogenic pesticide isofenphos (IFP) to investigate its effects on chromosomal DNA and cholinergic homeostasis using cholinesterase activity as a marker. Isolated peripheral lymphocytes were administered concentrations of IFP ranging from 0.1 ng/ml to 10 microg/ml. The absence (Group 1) and presence (Group 2) of DNA repair inhibitors 4 mM hydroxyurea (HU), 40 microM cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) and an NADPH regenerating system (NRS) (Group 3) were analyzed at 1, 6 and 24 h by single cell gel electrophoresis using the comet assay. Significant damage to DNA directly from IFP at 1 h by remarkably low concentrations was observed in Group 1, escalating in Group 2 with DNA repair inhibition, while Group 3 disruptions were highest due to the presence of the NRS P-450 microsomal fraction conducive to producing reactive IFP-oxon and N-desalkyl metabolites. The extent of DNA aberrations increased further in parallel within the groups at 6 and 24 h. Male and female chemical sensitivities were similar on average (P < 0.01). Cholinesterase activity measured in a satellite group was inhibited with 0.1 microg/ml IFP by 69, 62, and 48% at 1, 6, and 24 h, respectively, indicating gradual induction of compensatory synthesis. Restoration of cholinergic homeostasis may be exceptionally impaired at higher IFP concentrations from acetyl-CoA depletion [Leuk. Res. 25 (2001) 883]. In summary, these studies reveal that exposure to the organophosphate pesticide isofenphos induces human DNA mutation beyond endogenous repair capacity and disrupts cholinergic nuclear signaling affectively constructing the mutator phenotype of leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Williams
- CFE Toxicology, LLC, P.O. Box 275, Lewis Center, OH 43035-0275, USA.
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Szymanski CM, Michael FS, Jarrell HC, Li J, Gilbert M, Larocque S, Vinogradov E, Brisson JR. Detection of conserved N-linked glycans and phase-variable lipooligosaccharides and capsules from campylobacter cells by mass spectrometry and high resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:24509-20. [PMID: 12716884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301273200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycomics, the study of microbial polysaccharides and genes responsible for their formation, requires the continuous development of rapid and sensitive methods for the identification of glycan structures. In this study, methods for the direct analysis of sugars from 108 to 1010 cells are outlined using the human gastrointestinal pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni. Using capillary-electrophoresis coupled with sensitive electrospray mass spectrometry, we demonstrate variability in the lipid A component of C. jejuni lipooligosaccharides (LOSs). In addition, these sensitive methods have permitted the detection of phase-variable LOS core structures that were not observed previously. High resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR was used to examine capsular polysaccharides directly from campylobacter cells and showed profiles similar to those observed for purified polysaccharides analyzed by solution NMR. This method also exhibited the feasibility of campylobacter serotyping, mutant verification, and preliminary sugar analysis. HR-MAS NMR examination of growth from individual colonies of C. jejuni NCTC11168 indicated that the capsular glycan modifications are also phase-variable. These variants show different staining patterns on deoxycholate-PAGE and reactivity with immune sera. One of the identified modifications was a novel -OP=O(NH2)OMe phosphoramide, not observed previously in nature. In addition, HR-MAS NMR detected the N-linked glycan, GalNAc-alpha1,4-GalNAc-alpha1,4-[Glc-beta1,3-]GalNAc-alpha1,4-GalNAc-alpha1,4-GalNAc-alpha1,3-Bac, where Bac is 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-glucopyranose, in C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli. The presence of this common heptasaccharide in multiple campylobacter isolates demonstrates the conservation of the N-linked protein glycosylation pathway in this organism and describes the first report of HR-MAS NMR detection of N-linked glycans on glycoproteins from intact bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Szymanski
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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